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Midterm #2
Midterm #2

... equation says (after some calculus has been applied to it) that inflation will be equal to zero if: a. the rate of money growth is equal to the real interest rate. b. the rate of money growth is equal to the elasticity of money demand with respect to real income. c. the rate of money growth is equal ...
Chapter 17 ppoint
Chapter 17 ppoint

... called for a monetary policy rule as opposed to discretionary monetary policy, and which argued—based on a belief that the velocity of money was stable—that GDP would grow steadily if the money supply grew steadily, was influential for a time but was eventually rejected by many macroeconomists. 4. T ...
The Political Business Cycle
The Political Business Cycle

... called for a monetary policy rule as opposed to discretionary monetary policy, and which argued—based on a belief that the velocity of money was stable—that GDP would grow steadily if the money supply grew steadily, was influential for a time but was eventually rejected by many macroeconomists. 4. T ...
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy

... Francisco. No audio recording, video recording, or photography is permitted without the permission of the presenter. presenter This presentation may not be reproduced in any form without the express, written permission of the presenter. ...
The US Dollar is not as many observers state “backed by nothing”
The US Dollar is not as many observers state “backed by nothing”

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES IN AN OPEN ECONOMY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES IN AN OPEN ECONOMY

... reducing imports relative to exports [see Mussa (1974)]. ...
Final Exam
Final Exam

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Practice Final Exam Economics 503 Fundamentals of Economic

Bullard (2011) - Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Bullard (2011) - Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

... Balance sheet policy is ordinary monetary policy How should stabilization policy be conducted once shortterm nominal interest rates are effectively zero? The answer is that the central bank should pursue a balance sheet policy which substitutes for movements in short-term interest rates. The purcha ...
Final Exam
Final Exam

... b. Compare the effects of these events on the sales of two firms in Hong Kong. Firm A is a real estate developer which builds residential housing. Firm B is a company that makes watches for sale at the best department stores across the world. Which type of firm is likely to experience the strongest ...
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Simple Notes Explaining Intuition Behind the Paper
Simple Notes Explaining Intuition Behind the Paper

... Liquidity management is recognized as one of the fundamental problems in banking in practice. These lecture notes explain how monetary policy is implemented by central banks through the liquidity management of banks. To clarify the ideas, consider the balance sheet of a bank depicted in the left pan ...
MONETARY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION Class Notes By Saki Bigio
MONETARY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION Class Notes By Saki Bigio

Marketing Mobile Money: Top 3 Challenges
Marketing Mobile Money: Top 3 Challenges

... they want mobile money to be a product for everyone Mobile money platforms / services are ultimately accessible by “anyone” But demonstrating one specific use case of mobile money for one specific target market has proven to be the most compelling marketing ...
Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Power Point
Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Power Point

... – The money supply is controlled by the Fed through: • Open-market operations • Changing the reserve requirements • Changing the discount rate ...
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2010_Macro_FRQ_ans

... (i) On your graph in part (a), show how the government action affects AD. (ii) How will this government action affect the unemployment rate in the short run? Explain. Answer: 1. (b) (i) As can be seen on the graph, the increase in G would increase AD to AD2, increasing PL and Y. 1. (b) (II) The incr ...
2010 FRQ
2010 FRQ

... (i) On your graph in part (a), show how the government action affects AD. (ii) How will this government action affect the unemployment rate in the short run? Explain. Answer: 1. (b) (i) As can be seen on the graph, the increase in G would increase AD to AD2, increasing PL and Y. 1. (b) (II) The incr ...
The IS-LM model
The IS-LM model

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The IS-LM model

... We’ve seen that this influences the IS curve. ...
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Fall 2005 Quiz 2
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Fall 2005 Quiz 2

... and that in each period the real interest rate decreases by the same percentage points by which the real money growth rate increases, and vice versa. The dynamics of the real money growth are as you derived in part 2). Compare the value of the stock Q0 in the old equilibrium and after the change in ...
The importance of inflation expectations
The importance of inflation expectations

... important, since it allows the sustainable anchoring of economic agents’ expectations. As a direct consequence, their decisions and behaviour will rely to an increasing extent on the information supplied by the central bank, especially if it pursues a transparent communication with the public. Infla ...
Macro_online_chapter_09_14e
Macro_online_chapter_09_14e

... An increase in the price level increases profits so firms are willing to make more goods ...
Answers to Self Test Questions
Answers to Self Test Questions

... c) Interest rate equals 8% and GDP equals $400. Given the money demand shown in Figure 8.18A, if the money supply is set at $100, then the equilibrium rate must be 8%. If the interest rate is 8%, then Figure 8.18B shows that investment spending will be $80. If the product market is in equilibrium, t ...
Macroeconomics Final Exam Study Guide – Fall 2007
Macroeconomics Final Exam Study Guide – Fall 2007

... What is the name of Adam Smith’s book, and what year was it published? Four major foci of macroeconomics? What has been the average annual growth in GDP in the US since 1930? What four factors do mainstream economists point to as the major contributors to long-term growth in GDP? Provide an example ...
Stock Markets and The Fed
Stock Markets and The Fed

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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