Operation Wallacea
... that the speciation occurred in the lake. How has this happened, since speciation requires isolation in order for two populations to start differing from each other? These large lakes offer contiguous habitats, so how did sufficient isolation of populations occur to trigger this speciation event and ...
... that the speciation occurred in the lake. How has this happened, since speciation requires isolation in order for two populations to start differing from each other? These large lakes offer contiguous habitats, so how did sufficient isolation of populations occur to trigger this speciation event and ...
Vojtech Novotny: Studying and preserving tropical biodiversity in
... Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, density-dependent or distancedependent „pest pressure‟ (sometimes ...
... Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, density-dependent or distancedependent „pest pressure‟ (sometimes ...
Weighting and indirect effects identify keystone species in food webs
... © 2016 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [The copyright lin ...
... © 2016 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [The copyright lin ...
Emerging Issues Regarding Non-Native Species for Aquaculture
... immigration from other populations, and genetic bottlenecks. Selection occurs when alleles are favored by some process. These may be natural processes within the environment, as when an allele gives increased survival or preferential mating. Selection may also occur in captivity because of different ...
... immigration from other populations, and genetic bottlenecks. Selection occurs when alleles are favored by some process. These may be natural processes within the environment, as when an allele gives increased survival or preferential mating. Selection may also occur in captivity because of different ...
Biotic Globalization: Does Competition from Introduced Species
... the West Nile virus into the United States, some species introductions can inflict economic harm and threaten human health. In addition, it is widely reported that introduced species are threatening many resident species with extinction (Elton 1958, Wilcove et al. 1998). There have been numerous wel ...
... the West Nile virus into the United States, some species introductions can inflict economic harm and threaten human health. In addition, it is widely reported that introduced species are threatening many resident species with extinction (Elton 1958, Wilcove et al. 1998). There have been numerous wel ...
8 Use of Living Marine resoUrces
... in the availability of commercial species, changes in the market price, changes in capital and fuel costs, or changes in the regulatory regime. New fisheries develop to meet market demand or when effort is diverted from other fisheries. Areas fished change, for example, as fish stocks and migration ...
... in the availability of commercial species, changes in the market price, changes in capital and fuel costs, or changes in the regulatory regime. New fisheries develop to meet market demand or when effort is diverted from other fisheries. Areas fished change, for example, as fish stocks and migration ...
Biotic Globalization: Does Competition from Introduced Species
... the West Nile virus into the United States, some species introductions can inflict economic harm and threaten human health. In addition, it is widely reported that introduced species are threatening many resident species with extinction (Elton 1958, Wilcove et al. 1998). There have been numerous wel ...
... the West Nile virus into the United States, some species introductions can inflict economic harm and threaten human health. In addition, it is widely reported that introduced species are threatening many resident species with extinction (Elton 1958, Wilcove et al. 1998). There have been numerous wel ...
Lost Dogs, Last Birds, and Listed Species: Cultures of Extinction
... years. But currently, biologists estimate that we may be losing species at about 50 to 500 times the background level. If one adds to this figure species that may have gone extinct, but whose fate is not known with certainty, the extinction rate rises to 100 to 1,000 times the background level, due ...
... years. But currently, biologists estimate that we may be losing species at about 50 to 500 times the background level. If one adds to this figure species that may have gone extinct, but whose fate is not known with certainty, the extinction rate rises to 100 to 1,000 times the background level, due ...
WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE – Reference Conditions and Eutrophication Impacts in Irish Rivers (2000-FS-2-M1)
... Innovation Programme (ERTDI) under the productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000–2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government by the Environme ...
... Innovation Programme (ERTDI) under the productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000–2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government by the Environme ...
Predation by Introduced Fishes on Endangered Humpback Chub
... of the Colorado River basin of western North American have been affected similarly. In the basin, an historically depauperate ichthyofauna of 36 species (many polytypic) has been subjected to a suite of about 70 nonnative fish species brought intentionally or inadvertently to the region. Coincident ...
... of the Colorado River basin of western North American have been affected similarly. In the basin, an historically depauperate ichthyofauna of 36 species (many polytypic) has been subjected to a suite of about 70 nonnative fish species brought intentionally or inadvertently to the region. Coincident ...
Marine Ecosystems and Global Change
... The ocean is a vital component of the metabolism of the Earth and plays a key role in global change. In fact, the oceans cover so much of the Earth’s surface that our planet has been described as the Water Planet, and it could be argued that its most extensive ecosystems are marine. Marine ecosystem ...
... The ocean is a vital component of the metabolism of the Earth and plays a key role in global change. In fact, the oceans cover so much of the Earth’s surface that our planet has been described as the Water Planet, and it could be argued that its most extensive ecosystems are marine. Marine ecosystem ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
... the well-being of even human beings [1] . Over exploitation of fish resources, coupled with habitat destruction result in shrinkage of fish population [2]. The only viable alternative is to conserve and propagate native species, which are at the verge of extinction. Induced breeding and re-introduct ...
... the well-being of even human beings [1] . Over exploitation of fish resources, coupled with habitat destruction result in shrinkage of fish population [2]. The only viable alternative is to conserve and propagate native species, which are at the verge of extinction. Induced breeding and re-introduct ...
Landscape Issues for Wildlife
... Distant Lands • Populations in fragments may be supported by dispersal from distant “source” populations • Protect distant sources by keeping them DISTANT – develop growth management policies ...
... Distant Lands • Populations in fragments may be supported by dispersal from distant “source” populations • Protect distant sources by keeping them DISTANT – develop growth management policies ...
Linking Dynamic Economic and Ecological General Equilibrium
... (AI) and the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS). All energy in the system originates from the sun it is turned into biomass through plant photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is carried out in the AI by individuals of various species of algae, or kelp, and in the EBS by individuals of various species of phytoplankt ...
... (AI) and the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS). All energy in the system originates from the sun it is turned into biomass through plant photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is carried out in the AI by individuals of various species of algae, or kelp, and in the EBS by individuals of various species of phytoplankt ...
Course notes (part 1)
... These course notes comprise detailed teaching materials to support delivery of each of the ten Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) course units outlined in the curriculum and unit plans document. The course notes are also designed to be provided to students as essentail course reading ...
... These course notes comprise detailed teaching materials to support delivery of each of the ten Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) course units outlined in the curriculum and unit plans document. The course notes are also designed to be provided to students as essentail course reading ...
Ecosystem oceanography for global change in fisheries
... become too complex and unfocussed to be useful. Experience shows that complex models trying to represent an ecosystem as realistically as possible, rather than representing the system with regard to a certain purpose, can be of limited use [12]. By contrast, if models focus too much on a certain lev ...
... become too complex and unfocussed to be useful. Experience shows that complex models trying to represent an ecosystem as realistically as possible, rather than representing the system with regard to a certain purpose, can be of limited use [12]. By contrast, if models focus too much on a certain lev ...
A general comment on sustainability Cooke Aquaculture funds
... Cooke Aquaculture funds extensive research programs in all aspects of its husbandry cycle from hatchery to net pen. This includes (a) establishment of sustainability criteria and thresholds at its culture sites (b) new methods of measuring ecological impacts at field sites, (c) predictive models fis ...
... Cooke Aquaculture funds extensive research programs in all aspects of its husbandry cycle from hatchery to net pen. This includes (a) establishment of sustainability criteria and thresholds at its culture sites (b) new methods of measuring ecological impacts at field sites, (c) predictive models fis ...
Modeling species fitness in competitive environments
... we can choose the initial distribution of newly born individuals. It can be chosen so that the relative vulnerability of offspring is taken into account, with K only suitably larger than Ks . Most of the above calculation steps are straightforward, except for the step where we account for resource c ...
... we can choose the initial distribution of newly born individuals. It can be chosen so that the relative vulnerability of offspring is taken into account, with K only suitably larger than Ks . Most of the above calculation steps are straightforward, except for the step where we account for resource c ...
Tuning the ecoscope
... Environmental processes act at different scales and probably simultaneously affect most species within the ecosystem. Under bottom-up control, a major environmental change can alter the ecosystem’s primary productivity and, thereby, the flow of energy to higher trophic levels. Climatic variability c ...
... Environmental processes act at different scales and probably simultaneously affect most species within the ecosystem. Under bottom-up control, a major environmental change can alter the ecosystem’s primary productivity and, thereby, the flow of energy to higher trophic levels. Climatic variability c ...
Balanced harvesting in fisheries: a preliminary analysis of
... The management implications of BH are still more diffuse than the questions about ecological and economic aspects, and depend to some extent on the outcomes of those studies. This paper explores the management implications of BH even as their understanding evolves, to inform the ongoing “policy dial ...
... The management implications of BH are still more diffuse than the questions about ecological and economic aspects, and depend to some extent on the outcomes of those studies. This paper explores the management implications of BH even as their understanding evolves, to inform the ongoing “policy dial ...
The Pinto Abalone Deserves Protection Under the Endangered
... increased carbon dioxide absorption by the ocean—has also been shown to inhibit the abalone’s ability to form its shell. Are recovering sea otter populations a threat to the pinto abalone? Sea otters limit the grazing pressure by sea urchins and other marine invertebrates in the kelp forest ecosyste ...
... increased carbon dioxide absorption by the ocean—has also been shown to inhibit the abalone’s ability to form its shell. Are recovering sea otter populations a threat to the pinto abalone? Sea otters limit the grazing pressure by sea urchins and other marine invertebrates in the kelp forest ecosyste ...
16, Biological Resources
... Arctic Snow Geese - increase in population has damaged much of Arctic fragile coastal ecosystem (below) ...
... Arctic Snow Geese - increase in population has damaged much of Arctic fragile coastal ecosystem (below) ...
Honors Biology notes
... C. population growth depends on birth and death rates 1. exponential growth produces a “J-shaped” curve (fig. 36.4A) 2. growth is eventually limited by resources, producing an “Sshaped” curve (fig. 36.4C) 3. the maximum sustainable number is the carrying capacity 4. growth can be limited by various ...
... C. population growth depends on birth and death rates 1. exponential growth produces a “J-shaped” curve (fig. 36.4A) 2. growth is eventually limited by resources, producing an “Sshaped” curve (fig. 36.4C) 3. the maximum sustainable number is the carrying capacity 4. growth can be limited by various ...
Pii - SLU
... senescent) and unlikely to mature to cone-bearing age. In general, LP is considered more competitive than SP when the two species occur together (Norgren, 1996; Elfving et al., 2001, this issue). 3.4. Suggestions on how to minimise possible adverse effects Do not allow LP on hilltops or upwind of ...
... senescent) and unlikely to mature to cone-bearing age. In general, LP is considered more competitive than SP when the two species occur together (Norgren, 1996; Elfving et al., 2001, this issue). 3.4. Suggestions on how to minimise possible adverse effects Do not allow LP on hilltops or upwind of ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.