bluegill081409:Layout 1
... young from predators. The bluegill is a prey species and therefore its reproductive rate and frequency is higher than that of a predator species such as the largemouth bass. If predation on bluegill is low, their numbers can become greater than what the habitat of a pond or small lake can support. W ...
... young from predators. The bluegill is a prey species and therefore its reproductive rate and frequency is higher than that of a predator species such as the largemouth bass. If predation on bluegill is low, their numbers can become greater than what the habitat of a pond or small lake can support. W ...
The Balance of Nature: What Is It and Why Care?
... has fascinated humans throughout history precisely because they have casu ally observed this pattern for such a long time and depended upon it for their survival. Despite the pleasing notion that the world’s ecosystems harbor a great steadiness or a perfect balance, the more detailed observer is un ...
... has fascinated humans throughout history precisely because they have casu ally observed this pattern for such a long time and depended upon it for their survival. Despite the pleasing notion that the world’s ecosystems harbor a great steadiness or a perfect balance, the more detailed observer is un ...
chapter 4 - Western Pennsylvania Conservancy
... will also save money in maintenance costs for gasoline powered equipment and it will save energy used for electrical equipment, which both reduce the amount of pollutants that are released into the air. Planting trees on your property will help to manage stormwater runoff and erosion. When planted a ...
... will also save money in maintenance costs for gasoline powered equipment and it will save energy used for electrical equipment, which both reduce the amount of pollutants that are released into the air. Planting trees on your property will help to manage stormwater runoff and erosion. When planted a ...
Introductory Research Essay
... certain species survival. Elton (1927) gave niches functional roles, such as the pollination niche of a bee, and thus the Eltonian niche is more related to a species’ position in ecosystems and food webs. Hutchinson (1959) theorized a niche based on an n-dimensional space where axes may represent a ...
... certain species survival. Elton (1927) gave niches functional roles, such as the pollination niche of a bee, and thus the Eltonian niche is more related to a species’ position in ecosystems and food webs. Hutchinson (1959) theorized a niche based on an n-dimensional space where axes may represent a ...
March 29, 2013 Charles Hoppin, Chair
... implementation will affect fish and wildlife beneficial uses. It is therefore ineffective as a public disclosure tool or to provide substantiation to its claim that it adequately protects fish and wildlife beneficial uses. 1 An EIR must describe a proposed project with sufficient detail and accuracy ...
... implementation will affect fish and wildlife beneficial uses. It is therefore ineffective as a public disclosure tool or to provide substantiation to its claim that it adequately protects fish and wildlife beneficial uses. 1 An EIR must describe a proposed project with sufficient detail and accuracy ...
New conservation or surrender to development?
... used nutrients more efficiently than the native understories’. Yet, a publication by Lugo & Helmer (2004) about these same Puerto Rican forests said, ‘New [novel] forests have fewer endemic species, lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate above-ground biomass, basal area, and soil c ...
... used nutrients more efficiently than the native understories’. Yet, a publication by Lugo & Helmer (2004) about these same Puerto Rican forests said, ‘New [novel] forests have fewer endemic species, lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate above-ground biomass, basal area, and soil c ...
`New conservation` or surrender to development?
... used nutrients more efficiently than the native understories’. Yet, a publication by Lugo & Helmer (2004) about these same Puerto Rican forests said, ‘New [novel] forests have fewer endemic species, lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate above-ground biomass, basal area, and soil c ...
... used nutrients more efficiently than the native understories’. Yet, a publication by Lugo & Helmer (2004) about these same Puerto Rican forests said, ‘New [novel] forests have fewer endemic species, lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate above-ground biomass, basal area, and soil c ...
Community Ecology: Is It Time to Move On?
... testing. Although the concept of cause has several layers of meaning (Kuhn 1977), a causal explanation is the determination of the conditions, processes, and mechanisms that yield a pattern or phenomenon (Pickett et al. 1994). Community ecology is rife with examples of causal explanation, and the fa ...
... testing. Although the concept of cause has several layers of meaning (Kuhn 1977), a causal explanation is the determination of the conditions, processes, and mechanisms that yield a pattern or phenomenon (Pickett et al. 1994). Community ecology is rife with examples of causal explanation, and the fa ...
Common Questions, Helpful Answers
... Humans are dependent on biodiversity which provides food, medicines and raw materials, and delivers many other goods and services that support human life. For example, forests provide wood, oxygenate the air, purify water, prevent erosion and flooding, help regulate our climate and turn waste into n ...
... Humans are dependent on biodiversity which provides food, medicines and raw materials, and delivers many other goods and services that support human life. For example, forests provide wood, oxygenate the air, purify water, prevent erosion and flooding, help regulate our climate and turn waste into n ...
Interspecific Competition Outline Intraspecific competition = density
... (Limit on W by W) (Limit on W by B) (Limit on B by B) (Limit on B by W) The outcome will be competitive exclusion, with one species at zero and the other at K, but the 'winner' depends on initial numbers of each species. (Fig 12.3C Pianka) B. If each species limits its own growth more than it limits ...
... (Limit on W by W) (Limit on W by B) (Limit on B by B) (Limit on B by W) The outcome will be competitive exclusion, with one species at zero and the other at K, but the 'winner' depends on initial numbers of each species. (Fig 12.3C Pianka) B. If each species limits its own growth more than it limits ...
Population Dynamics, Carrying Capacity
... resources are not limiting; such species tend to have high intrinsic rates of growth (high r); • K–strategist species- tend to do well in competitive conditions and live in environments where resources are limiting (later succession) They tend to have lower intrinsic rates of growth and characterist ...
... resources are not limiting; such species tend to have high intrinsic rates of growth (high r); • K–strategist species- tend to do well in competitive conditions and live in environments where resources are limiting (later succession) They tend to have lower intrinsic rates of growth and characterist ...
KGA172_L2.3_final
... 1. Define ecosystem. Explain its etymology. In terms of helping us understand nature, why might it matter that ecosystem has the same origins [derivation] as household – from the Greek oikos? 2. How does Eugene Odum specifically describe ecology and in what ways is the idea of exchange important in ...
... 1. Define ecosystem. Explain its etymology. In terms of helping us understand nature, why might it matter that ecosystem has the same origins [derivation] as household – from the Greek oikos? 2. How does Eugene Odum specifically describe ecology and in what ways is the idea of exchange important in ...
IJEE SOAPBOX: PRINCE KROPOTKIN MEETS THE
... species—a new wedge—is hammered in, others must shrink in size or be squeezed out. Much of the edifice of theoretical ecology puts quantitative teeth into Darwin’s wedge image of the world. For instance, if wedges cannot overlap, and there is a minimal size to each wedge, the maximal number of speci ...
... species—a new wedge—is hammered in, others must shrink in size or be squeezed out. Much of the edifice of theoretical ecology puts quantitative teeth into Darwin’s wedge image of the world. For instance, if wedges cannot overlap, and there is a minimal size to each wedge, the maximal number of speci ...
Biodiversity, Habitat Area, Resource Growth Rate and Interference
... infanticide) and cannibalism (Fox, 1975; Krebs and Davies, 1981). When the principal effect of the intraspecific interference is a reduced rate of feeding or resource intake, the effects are probably best modeled via an altered functional response for the consumer (DeAngelis et al., 1975; Cosner et ...
... infanticide) and cannibalism (Fox, 1975; Krebs and Davies, 1981). When the principal effect of the intraspecific interference is a reduced rate of feeding or resource intake, the effects are probably best modeled via an altered functional response for the consumer (DeAngelis et al., 1975; Cosner et ...
Ecology (Bio 47) Fall 2002 Friday 6:00 – 7:50 Saturday 9:00 – 9:50
... (behavioral ecology). A local patch occupied by many individuals (a population). A large enough space to comprise multiple populations (a community). A biogeographic scale large enough to encompass a community, and its nutrients and energy cycles (an ecosystem). ...
... (behavioral ecology). A local patch occupied by many individuals (a population). A large enough space to comprise multiple populations (a community). A biogeographic scale large enough to encompass a community, and its nutrients and energy cycles (an ecosystem). ...
Population Dynamics, Carrying Capacity
... Stable populations are relatively constant over time, fluctuating slightly above and below carrying capacity such as those in undisturbed tropical rain forests. Cyclic curves are population size changes over a regular time period. (e.g., seven–year cicada or lynx and ...
... Stable populations are relatively constant over time, fluctuating slightly above and below carrying capacity such as those in undisturbed tropical rain forests. Cyclic curves are population size changes over a regular time period. (e.g., seven–year cicada or lynx and ...
Megan Lloyst - Ontario Chapter of the American Fisheries Society
... American eel (Anguilla Rostrata) stocking program in Lake Ontario and the Upper Saint Lawrence River in relation to eel dispersion, abundance, and habitat preferences. In addition, she developed and implemented a project which assessed the dispersion patterns and habitat associations of stocked eels ...
... American eel (Anguilla Rostrata) stocking program in Lake Ontario and the Upper Saint Lawrence River in relation to eel dispersion, abundance, and habitat preferences. In addition, she developed and implemented a project which assessed the dispersion patterns and habitat associations of stocked eels ...
Life at the Edge - Ministry of Environment
... Pointed spines cover the shell of the pincushion-like sea urchin. Look among the harmless spines for tube feet, similar to those of the sea star. Sea urchins are grazers that feed on seaweed and small animals. They, in turn, fall prey to sea stars, sea otters and people. The Japanese and some First ...
... Pointed spines cover the shell of the pincushion-like sea urchin. Look among the harmless spines for tube feet, similar to those of the sea star. Sea urchins are grazers that feed on seaweed and small animals. They, in turn, fall prey to sea stars, sea otters and people. The Japanese and some First ...
Build Your Own Ocean Food Web!
... In this lesson plan, students will construct an ocean food web that can comprise up to 35 species that live in pelagic and benthic environments off California. Each student will be assigned a role of a different species. These roles are described on the marine species cards included as part of this ...
... In this lesson plan, students will construct an ocean food web that can comprise up to 35 species that live in pelagic and benthic environments off California. Each student will be assigned a role of a different species. These roles are described on the marine species cards included as part of this ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.