Why Biodiversity Matters
... that reserves by themselves, whether pristine or restored, will do much more than collect crumbs. They are the 5 percent. We need to work on the 95 percent.” Equally important is the number of populations reserves can protect, since it is populations that deliver ecosystem services. A species of bee ...
... that reserves by themselves, whether pristine or restored, will do much more than collect crumbs. They are the 5 percent. We need to work on the 95 percent.” Equally important is the number of populations reserves can protect, since it is populations that deliver ecosystem services. A species of bee ...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Foreword
... element, and therefore most of it travelled with the iron as it sank into the earth's core during planetary differentiation. As iridium remains abundant in most asteroids and comets, the Alvarez team suggested that an asteroid struck the earth at the time of the K–T boundary. There were other earlie ...
... element, and therefore most of it travelled with the iron as it sank into the earth's core during planetary differentiation. As iridium remains abundant in most asteroids and comets, the Alvarez team suggested that an asteroid struck the earth at the time of the K–T boundary. There were other earlie ...
Biodiversity, productivity and stability in real food webs
... of this concept is that species losses could generally harm ecosystems, and ultimately the human enterprise. Yet, since the earliest experiments testing such biodiversityfunctioning linkages, debate has focused on whether the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning reflect primarily the inf ...
... of this concept is that species losses could generally harm ecosystems, and ultimately the human enterprise. Yet, since the earliest experiments testing such biodiversityfunctioning linkages, debate has focused on whether the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning reflect primarily the inf ...
Genetic diversity
... and ancient site • A low value of “D” could suggest pollution, recent colonization, or agricultural management • Index normally used in studies of vegetation but can be applied to comparisons of diversity of any species ...
... and ancient site • A low value of “D” could suggest pollution, recent colonization, or agricultural management • Index normally used in studies of vegetation but can be applied to comparisons of diversity of any species ...
Effect of Parity on Productivity and Sustainability of
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
15 Sea Grass Beds, Kelp Forests, Rocky Reefs, and Coral Reefs
... • Recent history: Otters hunted to near extinction, their recovery has strong impacts on urchin/kelp balance ...
... • Recent history: Otters hunted to near extinction, their recovery has strong impacts on urchin/kelp balance ...
Habitat subdivision causes changes in food web structure
... mean ln[1 + D. nasutum per mL] in treatments CD and BCD vs. ACD and ABCD, F1,10 = 9.36, P 5 0.02). This effect was not symmetrical, as the presence of D. nasutum did not influence the mean density of A. proteus; F1,10 = 0.02, P = 0.9 in an ANOVA comparing ln[1 + A. proteus per mL] in AC and ABC vs. ...
... mean ln[1 + D. nasutum per mL] in treatments CD and BCD vs. ACD and ABCD, F1,10 = 9.36, P 5 0.02). This effect was not symmetrical, as the presence of D. nasutum did not influence the mean density of A. proteus; F1,10 = 0.02, P = 0.9 in an ANOVA comparing ln[1 + A. proteus per mL] in AC and ABC vs. ...
Practice Test One - Sara Parr Syswerda
... 30. Which of the following could promote co-existence of a weedy (i.e., species with high birth rate at high resources levels but high R*) and climax (i.e., species with low birth rate at high resource levels but low R*) plant species (circle all that apply)? a. b. c. d. ...
... 30. Which of the following could promote co-existence of a weedy (i.e., species with high birth rate at high resources levels but high R*) and climax (i.e., species with low birth rate at high resource levels but low R*) plant species (circle all that apply)? a. b. c. d. ...
Feral Donkeys on the Karpaz Penninsula
... Trapping or mustering feral donkeys so that they may be sold for commercial purposes. This technique, while potentially effective is expensive and time consuming over large areas. Aerial culling. This management practice requires extensive training of personnel because of the significant potenti ...
... Trapping or mustering feral donkeys so that they may be sold for commercial purposes. This technique, while potentially effective is expensive and time consuming over large areas. Aerial culling. This management practice requires extensive training of personnel because of the significant potenti ...
BIOSPHERIC CHANGES ARE THREAT MULTIPLIERS
... The core belief that led humankind into this trap of threat multipliers was that technology could always find a substitute when a resource was depleted.6 Human technology may be the worst threat multiplier. The abundance of resources provided by technology and fueled by cheap, abundant energy ...
... The core belief that led humankind into this trap of threat multipliers was that technology could always find a substitute when a resource was depleted.6 Human technology may be the worst threat multiplier. The abundance of resources provided by technology and fueled by cheap, abundant energy ...
Plant species traits and capacity for resource reduction predict yield
... abundance and competitive ability. Specifically, it would be useful to develop proxy measures for R* that do not necessarily require the establishment of equilibrial field monocultures and that are more easily sampled than soil nitrate, which is notoriously variable in space and time (Robertson et a ...
... abundance and competitive ability. Specifically, it would be useful to develop proxy measures for R* that do not necessarily require the establishment of equilibrial field monocultures and that are more easily sampled than soil nitrate, which is notoriously variable in space and time (Robertson et a ...
An early life history model for Pacific herring in Prince William Sound
... Investigations, we regard fishing as a treatment effect in a long-term ecological experiment. Here we present the first direct large-scale evidence from the marine environment that exploited species exhibit higher temporal variability in abundance than unexploited species. This remains true after ac ...
... Investigations, we regard fishing as a treatment effect in a long-term ecological experiment. Here we present the first direct large-scale evidence from the marine environment that exploited species exhibit higher temporal variability in abundance than unexploited species. This remains true after ac ...
cabrillo.aquarium
... carnivores are more versatile in what they will eat to survive. Top carnivores are animals at the very end of food chains, which are generally not preyed on by anything else (at least as adults) unless it is humans. In marine systems, large marine mammals, large fish, and marine birds are usually in ...
... carnivores are more versatile in what they will eat to survive. Top carnivores are animals at the very end of food chains, which are generally not preyed on by anything else (at least as adults) unless it is humans. In marine systems, large marine mammals, large fish, and marine birds are usually in ...
Competition - Cal State LA
... Niche • A concept that encompasses all of the individual environmental requirements of a species • This is definitely an abstract concept, but it helps us to organize and explain ecological phenomena ...
... Niche • A concept that encompasses all of the individual environmental requirements of a species • This is definitely an abstract concept, but it helps us to organize and explain ecological phenomena ...
Competition for food in macroplankton animals in the Vistula
... Sea herring, the European smelt, perch, and stickleback. Additionally, some quantities of the shrimp Neomysis integer can be found. These species use the same food resources, i.e. small zooplankton, but they occupy different habitats. However, in a very special situation in the Vistula Lagoon (low d ...
... Sea herring, the European smelt, perch, and stickleback. Additionally, some quantities of the shrimp Neomysis integer can be found. These species use the same food resources, i.e. small zooplankton, but they occupy different habitats. However, in a very special situation in the Vistula Lagoon (low d ...
Bio126: Week8-9 Ecology Lab
... producers, herbivores, and predators. If predation increases in this system, one might expect that the density of herbivores will decrease. With fewer herbivores, plant biomass might be expected to increase since fewer plants will be eaten. As you can see, in top-down regulation a trophic level is s ...
... producers, herbivores, and predators. If predation increases in this system, one might expect that the density of herbivores will decrease. With fewer herbivores, plant biomass might be expected to increase since fewer plants will be eaten. As you can see, in top-down regulation a trophic level is s ...
A mechanistic model of a mutualism and its ecological and
... 2. fitness should monotonically decrease as the population size N increases (note some argument could be made about fitness increasing at small populations due to the Allee affect but this is not modeled herein); 3. fitness should be at zero (no growth or decline in population) when it hits the firs ...
... 2. fitness should monotonically decrease as the population size N increases (note some argument could be made about fitness increasing at small populations due to the Allee affect but this is not modeled herein); 3. fitness should be at zero (no growth or decline in population) when it hits the firs ...
Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery
... rate of recovery from disturbance events of different magnitudes and sources, such as wave exposure, changes in predator distributions, and physiological stress, has been particularly measurable in these environments, providing much insight into the role of disturbance in community structure (Paine ...
... rate of recovery from disturbance events of different magnitudes and sources, such as wave exposure, changes in predator distributions, and physiological stress, has been particularly measurable in these environments, providing much insight into the role of disturbance in community structure (Paine ...
AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 50 An Introduction To
... 1. What two pieces of data are needed to mathematically determine density? 2. What is the difference between density and dispersion? 3. Use the mark and recapture formula to answer the following: A population ecologist wished to determine the size of a population of white-footed deer mice, Peromyscu ...
... 1. What two pieces of data are needed to mathematically determine density? 2. What is the difference between density and dispersion? 3. Use the mark and recapture formula to answer the following: A population ecologist wished to determine the size of a population of white-footed deer mice, Peromyscu ...
Recovery After Mass Extinction: Evolutionary assembly in large
... densities arrive at equilibrium, and then we disturb primary producers by removing a percentage of their equilibrium density. Here our plots start from the species densities at equilibrium (after a transient of 2 × 103 steps has been discarded) and then the system is perturbed. Disturbances affectin ...
... densities arrive at equilibrium, and then we disturb primary producers by removing a percentage of their equilibrium density. Here our plots start from the species densities at equilibrium (after a transient of 2 × 103 steps has been discarded) and then the system is perturbed. Disturbances affectin ...
plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during
... cycles in ecosystems: primary productivity, decomposition of leaf litter, and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. The species traits selected therefore pertain to the processing of these resources at the plant level, with the underlying assumption that these would scale up to ecosystem functioning (Cha ...
... cycles in ecosystems: primary productivity, decomposition of leaf litter, and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. The species traits selected therefore pertain to the processing of these resources at the plant level, with the underlying assumption that these would scale up to ecosystem functioning (Cha ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.