SilentSpring-EcologySlideShow-APBio
... assume the maximum rate of any specific species. This is called the intrinsic rate of increase (rmax). When graphed it assumes a J shape because even though the rate is constant, over time, there will be more individuals present per unit time when it is large, resulting in increasing steepness. Char ...
... assume the maximum rate of any specific species. This is called the intrinsic rate of increase (rmax). When graphed it assumes a J shape because even though the rate is constant, over time, there will be more individuals present per unit time when it is large, resulting in increasing steepness. Char ...
1~7 Food Webs As A Focus For Unifying Ecological Theory
... Food web structure connects with many other parts of ecology. Here I will brieny describe some connections between food webs and (l) the species-area curve, (2) the dynamics and stability of interacting populations, and (3) body size. predator-prey allometry and species abundance. Details of these e ...
... Food web structure connects with many other parts of ecology. Here I will brieny describe some connections between food webs and (l) the species-area curve, (2) the dynamics and stability of interacting populations, and (3) body size. predator-prey allometry and species abundance. Details of these e ...
Covering the Seas
... argue that “limited information regarding catch levels, the impact of management measures, and the condition of the fish population at the time of exploitation adds to the uncertainty.” It is for this reason that in 1995 The U.N. Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) was established to require that “precaut ...
... argue that “limited information regarding catch levels, the impact of management measures, and the condition of the fish population at the time of exploitation adds to the uncertainty.” It is for this reason that in 1995 The U.N. Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) was established to require that “precaut ...
Red Tides and Dead Zones: Eutrophication in the Marine Environment
... Because animal life depends on the availability of oxygen, the occurrence of hypoxia can have a dramatic effect on marine organisms. The response of marine organisms to hypoxia is varied. Immobile or slow-moving organisms may simply suffocate. While mobile organisms, such as shrimp, lobsters, and fi ...
... Because animal life depends on the availability of oxygen, the occurrence of hypoxia can have a dramatic effect on marine organisms. The response of marine organisms to hypoxia is varied. Immobile or slow-moving organisms may simply suffocate. While mobile organisms, such as shrimp, lobsters, and fi ...
McPeek, M. A. 1996. Tradeoffs, food web structure
... the ultimate winning consumer for each community than with the other consumer at equilibrium by itself. For example, in the community with predator A, fewer predators and less resource will exist at the equilibrium with consumer 1 than when consumer 2 is at equilibrium and consumer 1 is prevented fr ...
... the ultimate winning consumer for each community than with the other consumer at equilibrium by itself. For example, in the community with predator A, fewer predators and less resource will exist at the equilibrium with consumer 1 than when consumer 2 is at equilibrium and consumer 1 is prevented fr ...
The Distribution of Life
... Although climate and geology have a significant bearing on the biodiversity of a biome, any discussion of the distribution of life on Earth would not be complete without addressing man-made or anthropogenic biomes. Anthropogenic biomes are ecosystems caused and influenced by human activity, and are ...
... Although climate and geology have a significant bearing on the biodiversity of a biome, any discussion of the distribution of life on Earth would not be complete without addressing man-made or anthropogenic biomes. Anthropogenic biomes are ecosystems caused and influenced by human activity, and are ...
Writing Assignment - Oregon State University
... 1. Some organizations are starting to envision a sustainable society – one in which each generation inherits sufficient natural and economic resources and a relatively stable environment. The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental policy organization, estimates that we must reach sustainability but ...
... 1. Some organizations are starting to envision a sustainable society – one in which each generation inherits sufficient natural and economic resources and a relatively stable environment. The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental policy organization, estimates that we must reach sustainability but ...
Discussion Paper: Impacts of Pollution on Great Lakes Fisheries
... composition. This usually happens because often there are no “natural controls,” such as predator-prey interactions, to feed on “exotic” species, resulting in the latter’s drastic population increase. A consequence is that existing food chains are disturbed since there is fierce competition for limi ...
... composition. This usually happens because often there are no “natural controls,” such as predator-prey interactions, to feed on “exotic” species, resulting in the latter’s drastic population increase. A consequence is that existing food chains are disturbed since there is fierce competition for limi ...
Establishing the structure of aquatic food webs in managed
... Importance of the food web 1. Need to know the diet of your target fish/shrimp in case of problems. 2. Important is the % reliance on single prey source – can cause. instability1. 3. If you are targeting more than one organism – there maybe interactions. 4. May want to improve quality of fish – by ...
... Importance of the food web 1. Need to know the diet of your target fish/shrimp in case of problems. 2. Important is the % reliance on single prey source – can cause. instability1. 3. If you are targeting more than one organism – there maybe interactions. 4. May want to improve quality of fish – by ...
OL OOP Section 06
... to oceanic upwelling zones which provide unusually high concentrations of nutrients to the local environment. This allows kelp to grow and support herbivores which, in turn, support consumers at higher trophic levels. In contrast, top-down processes are those in which predators limit lower level pre ...
... to oceanic upwelling zones which provide unusually high concentrations of nutrients to the local environment. This allows kelp to grow and support herbivores which, in turn, support consumers at higher trophic levels. In contrast, top-down processes are those in which predators limit lower level pre ...
of the spaw protocol - Caribbean Environment Programme
... This species has been downlisted to Vulnerable because although it has a very small population, which is severely fragmented and rapidly declining, the largest subpopulation in Zapata is thought to number more than 250 individuals. Country distribution Cuba ...
... This species has been downlisted to Vulnerable because although it has a very small population, which is severely fragmented and rapidly declining, the largest subpopulation in Zapata is thought to number more than 250 individuals. Country distribution Cuba ...
The feeding behaviour of an abyssal sea anemone
... using a maximum of 800 frames. The deviee is recovered using an acoustic command which releases a ballast weight and allows it to rise to the surface under its own buoyancy. It was deployed on 20 July 1982 at a depth of 4101 rn at the mouth of the Porcupine seabight (PSB) in the North-East Atlantic ...
... using a maximum of 800 frames. The deviee is recovered using an acoustic command which releases a ballast weight and allows it to rise to the surface under its own buoyancy. It was deployed on 20 July 1982 at a depth of 4101 rn at the mouth of the Porcupine seabight (PSB) in the North-East Atlantic ...
The role of plant species in biomass production and response to
... assemblages is caused more by complementarity than by sampling effects (Loreau & Hector 2001; Tilman et al. 2001), yet how species interactions generate complementarity is poorly understood. The lack of understanding of these interactions is especially acute for aggregate properties of the ecosystem ...
... assemblages is caused more by complementarity than by sampling effects (Loreau & Hector 2001; Tilman et al. 2001), yet how species interactions generate complementarity is poorly understood. The lack of understanding of these interactions is especially acute for aggregate properties of the ecosystem ...
Big APES Exam review questions for each unit
... 5. Distinguish between the following words: biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, troposphere and stratosphere. 6. Name six different types of cycles that occur in nature. Describe or draw 3-4 transitions for each cycle. Explain which portions of each cycle are a ...
... 5. Distinguish between the following words: biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, troposphere and stratosphere. 6. Name six different types of cycles that occur in nature. Describe or draw 3-4 transitions for each cycle. Explain which portions of each cycle are a ...
A New Year Greeting
... in the same ecosystem while adapting to take advantage of slightly different niches so they are no longer in direct competition with each other. “Another possible outcome is for one species to out-compete the other and force the other species out of the habitat all together which occurs when one of ...
... in the same ecosystem while adapting to take advantage of slightly different niches so they are no longer in direct competition with each other. “Another possible outcome is for one species to out-compete the other and force the other species out of the habitat all together which occurs when one of ...
assessment of mean trophic level and prey
... the “fact that the capacity of tuna farms greatly exceeds the total allowable catch indicates lack of conservation planning in development of the tuna-fattening industry, which, ideally, should have been linked to fisheries management policies, and may lead to illegal fishing." Much of the fish suit ...
... the “fact that the capacity of tuna farms greatly exceeds the total allowable catch indicates lack of conservation planning in development of the tuna-fattening industry, which, ideally, should have been linked to fisheries management policies, and may lead to illegal fishing." Much of the fish suit ...
A patch-dynamic framework for food web metacommunities
... non-transitive feeding loops (directed cycles of the form a ‘eats’ b, b ‘eats’ c, c ‘eats’ a) and such that the feeding links move from lower species indices to higher ones. Although empirically compiled food webs display numerous examples of cannibalism, mutual predation and looping, most such case ...
... non-transitive feeding loops (directed cycles of the form a ‘eats’ b, b ‘eats’ c, c ‘eats’ a) and such that the feeding links move from lower species indices to higher ones. Although empirically compiled food webs display numerous examples of cannibalism, mutual predation and looping, most such case ...
A newly identified population of Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard
... Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853), commonly referred to as the mosquitofish, is native to the fresh waters of the southern United States and Mexico (Wooten and Lydeard 1990). Gambusia affinis, and a cryptic species Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, were widely introduced at the beginning of t ...
... Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853), commonly referred to as the mosquitofish, is native to the fresh waters of the southern United States and Mexico (Wooten and Lydeard 1990). Gambusia affinis, and a cryptic species Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, were widely introduced at the beginning of t ...
Factors structuring the fish community in the area of the Coaracy
... The study area is located in the middle sector of the Araguari River, in the area influenced directly by the Coaracy Nunes hydroelectric power station (UHE Coaracy Nunes), between latitudes 00°45’ N and 00°88’ N, and longitudes 51°13’ W to 51°20’ W. The Araguari is the principal river of the Brazili ...
... The study area is located in the middle sector of the Araguari River, in the area influenced directly by the Coaracy Nunes hydroelectric power station (UHE Coaracy Nunes), between latitudes 00°45’ N and 00°88’ N, and longitudes 51°13’ W to 51°20’ W. The Araguari is the principal river of the Brazili ...
Goal - swpba
... Goal: To assess the baseline quality of wilderness character on all designated wilderness within the Refuge System and then monitor trends in wilderness character over time using a nationally consistent approach. Goal: Ensure that surrogate species monitoring surveys on refuge lands are scientifical ...
... Goal: To assess the baseline quality of wilderness character on all designated wilderness within the Refuge System and then monitor trends in wilderness character over time using a nationally consistent approach. Goal: Ensure that surrogate species monitoring surveys on refuge lands are scientifical ...
Multitrophic Diversity Effects Of Network Degradation
... because diversity effects in real systems can be obscured by several factors. First, existing research has largely focused on biodiversity losses within a single trophic level (i.e., monotrophic extinction; Duffy et al. 2007; Hillebrand and Matthiessen 2009), despite the fact that biodiversity loss ...
... because diversity effects in real systems can be obscured by several factors. First, existing research has largely focused on biodiversity losses within a single trophic level (i.e., monotrophic extinction; Duffy et al. 2007; Hillebrand and Matthiessen 2009), despite the fact that biodiversity loss ...
The tragedy of our legacy
... their so-called Yield-per-Recruit (Y/R) model, which is purely theoretical, they showed that for long-lived species, with a low natural mortality, one can maximize the theoretical potential yield by delaying the age-at-capture to a certain optimum. This so-called ‘eumetric fishing’ principle invokin ...
... their so-called Yield-per-Recruit (Y/R) model, which is purely theoretical, they showed that for long-lived species, with a low natural mortality, one can maximize the theoretical potential yield by delaying the age-at-capture to a certain optimum. This so-called ‘eumetric fishing’ principle invokin ...
Feeding electivity of Pugettia gracilis, the graceful kelp crab
... significantly increased the density of perennial or annual (incl. N. luetkeana) species of macroalgae after 2 years. These results suggest that other factors, such as grazing by other invertebrates, may play a large role in influencing community structure in San Juan Channel (Carter et al., 2007). P ...
... significantly increased the density of perennial or annual (incl. N. luetkeana) species of macroalgae after 2 years. These results suggest that other factors, such as grazing by other invertebrates, may play a large role in influencing community structure in San Juan Channel (Carter et al., 2007). P ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.