Chesson, P, and Kuang, J.J. 2008. The interaction between
... and empirical work1. Better targeted empirical investigations should be possible with the new understanding from this and related, although more complex, work for non-Lotka–Volterra systems1,15,17. Maintaining predators is of increasing concern in conservation and management strategies18–21. Humans ...
... and empirical work1. Better targeted empirical investigations should be possible with the new understanding from this and related, although more complex, work for non-Lotka–Volterra systems1,15,17. Maintaining predators is of increasing concern in conservation and management strategies18–21. Humans ...
BUILDING EFFECTIVE FISHERY ECOSYSTEM PLANS:
... livelihoods in the face of environmental and economic variability (Kasperski and Holland ...
... livelihoods in the face of environmental and economic variability (Kasperski and Holland ...
Gambusia
... Bacillus thuringiensis var. isrealensis (Bti) kill immature mosquitoes in water and have less impact on fish, wildlife and the environment than products that target adult mosquitoes. Chemical control methods can have significant environmental impacts and should be considered very carefully before us ...
... Bacillus thuringiensis var. isrealensis (Bti) kill immature mosquitoes in water and have less impact on fish, wildlife and the environment than products that target adult mosquitoes. Chemical control methods can have significant environmental impacts and should be considered very carefully before us ...
Wild species have value
... Wild species create new food plants • Potential for developing new cultivars is lost if wild populations are destroyed • Out of the hundreds of thousands of plants species – Modern agriculture uses only 30 species – Three species (wheat, maize, rice) provide 50% of global food demands • Modern plan ...
... Wild species create new food plants • Potential for developing new cultivars is lost if wild populations are destroyed • Out of the hundreds of thousands of plants species – Modern agriculture uses only 30 species – Three species (wheat, maize, rice) provide 50% of global food demands • Modern plan ...
Gro I. van der Meeren, Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, Even Moland, Esopen
... The management approach must be founded on Biological and ecological data, ...
... The management approach must be founded on Biological and ecological data, ...
MARINE TROPHIC INDEX Oceans, Seas and Coasts Marine
... indicator. The mean trophic level of landings is a numerical value. Trophic levels range from a definitional value of 1 for primary producers up to a level of 5 for marine mammals and humans. Trophic level is defined as the position of an organism in the food chain, determined by the number of energ ...
... indicator. The mean trophic level of landings is a numerical value. Trophic levels range from a definitional value of 1 for primary producers up to a level of 5 for marine mammals and humans. Trophic level is defined as the position of an organism in the food chain, determined by the number of energ ...
chapt13 discussion 2015
... – Often, it is the result of a submerged rocky shoreline creating lots of hiding places – Rock formations attract a wide variety of organisms including many sessile types that cannot survive in soft bottomed communities – Oyster reefs, worm tubes and calcareous algae can all serve as hard-bottomed c ...
... – Often, it is the result of a submerged rocky shoreline creating lots of hiding places – Rock formations attract a wide variety of organisms including many sessile types that cannot survive in soft bottomed communities – Oyster reefs, worm tubes and calcareous algae can all serve as hard-bottomed c ...
Practice Test One Key
... At the death rate depicted by d2, consumer 2 will win (R2* < R1*); see points above. c. Based on your answers to parts a and b above, which species will be favored by a higher death rate and why will that species be favored? Consumer 1 will be favored by a higher death rate; consumer 1 has a higher ...
... At the death rate depicted by d2, consumer 2 will win (R2* < R1*); see points above. c. Based on your answers to parts a and b above, which species will be favored by a higher death rate and why will that species be favored? Consumer 1 will be favored by a higher death rate; consumer 1 has a higher ...
Habitat Use
... - Fine-scale pattern of use of resources and conditions by an individual (or social group) at particular locations within the home range • For example, use of certain plants but not others by a wildebeest at a feeding site ...
... - Fine-scale pattern of use of resources and conditions by an individual (or social group) at particular locations within the home range • For example, use of certain plants but not others by a wildebeest at a feeding site ...
IB ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES 2016
... matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems. • An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy. No s ...
... matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems. • An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy. No s ...
Gauging the impact of fishing mortality on non
... group for North Sea stocks of dab and grey gurnard calculated by using the differential growth version of the length cohort analysis. There is no fishing mortality on individuals of either species that are less than 12 cm in length, and F rises rapidly between 15 and 25 cm. F at length for gurnard is ...
... group for North Sea stocks of dab and grey gurnard calculated by using the differential growth version of the length cohort analysis. There is no fishing mortality on individuals of either species that are less than 12 cm in length, and F rises rapidly between 15 and 25 cm. F at length for gurnard is ...
reports - University of Toronto Mississauga
... Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ...
... Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ...
Diversity, invasive species and extinctions in insular ecosystems
... (Aguirre-Muñoz et al. 2008). Invasive species are the primary driver of extinction and ecosystem change on islands (Towns et al. 2006). Invasive predators, such as cats Felis catus and rats Rattus spp., are present on over 80% of the world’s islands and new introductions still occur (Atkinson 1985; ...
... (Aguirre-Muñoz et al. 2008). Invasive species are the primary driver of extinction and ecosystem change on islands (Towns et al. 2006). Invasive predators, such as cats Felis catus and rats Rattus spp., are present on over 80% of the world’s islands and new introductions still occur (Atkinson 1985; ...
How geographic distance and depth drive ecological variability and
... described by Werner et al. (1997), Jirka (2001) and Johnston & Merrifield (2003). Such mechanisms play major roles in population and community structure of archipelago systems. These systems are usually characterized by a rich endemic marine biodiversity due to their isolation from continents. They ...
... described by Werner et al. (1997), Jirka (2001) and Johnston & Merrifield (2003). Such mechanisms play major roles in population and community structure of archipelago systems. These systems are usually characterized by a rich endemic marine biodiversity due to their isolation from continents. They ...
Food Habits of Four Armadillo Species in the Cerrado Area, Mato
... governmental area (Araguaia State Park) were vis- ...
... governmental area (Araguaia State Park) were vis- ...
Michigan Fisheries, 200 Years of Changes
... developed “stream improvement” technology in this era and used it as a tool to increase the total amount of fish that a stream could sustain. Stream improvement structures were contraptions made of wood and rock and placed into streams to provide additional fish habitat or alter the flow, substrate, ...
... developed “stream improvement” technology in this era and used it as a tool to increase the total amount of fish that a stream could sustain. Stream improvement structures were contraptions made of wood and rock and placed into streams to provide additional fish habitat or alter the flow, substrate, ...
Succession
... The ability to photosynthesise The ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere Tolerance to extreme conditions ...
... The ability to photosynthesise The ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere Tolerance to extreme conditions ...
Patterns of distribution and composition of sea urchin - LECAR
... sea urchins predominate in temperate reef systems (Hughes 1994; Tuya et al. 2004). The functional importance of sea urchins in temperate seas is demonstrated by their formation of vast barren areas when at high densities, decreasing habitat complexity and affecting benthic cover and local community ...
... sea urchins predominate in temperate reef systems (Hughes 1994; Tuya et al. 2004). The functional importance of sea urchins in temperate seas is demonstrated by their formation of vast barren areas when at high densities, decreasing habitat complexity and affecting benthic cover and local community ...
4 March 2017 Fisheries GIT Newsletter Draft v4
... available for the GITs for a third year to support key projects to advance progress on outcomes under the 2014 Chesapeake Watershed Agreement. The Fisheries GIT was awarded funding for an oyster shell/habitat loss study, evaluation of ecosystem factors affecting blue crab study, and a pilot study on ...
... available for the GITs for a third year to support key projects to advance progress on outcomes under the 2014 Chesapeake Watershed Agreement. The Fisheries GIT was awarded funding for an oyster shell/habitat loss study, evaluation of ecosystem factors affecting blue crab study, and a pilot study on ...
Crowder et al. 2008 - Duke People
... targeted species, entire food webs have been significantly altered by overfishing ( Jackson et al. 2001, Christensen et al. 2003). Fishing has a variety of direct and indirect effects on food webs in marine ecosystems, with complex and potentially cascading effects. A large portion of fisheries focu ...
... targeted species, entire food webs have been significantly altered by overfishing ( Jackson et al. 2001, Christensen et al. 2003). Fishing has a variety of direct and indirect effects on food webs in marine ecosystems, with complex and potentially cascading effects. A large portion of fisheries focu ...
Critical Biodiversity
... ory” described by Wright (Wright 1982; Jongeling 1996). Over time, they observed extinction events (equal to the number of transformations) of all sizes (Gould & Eldredge 1993). Quiescent periods are characterized by most species having similar “fitness,” and avalanches of extinctions occur when the ...
... ory” described by Wright (Wright 1982; Jongeling 1996). Over time, they observed extinction events (equal to the number of transformations) of all sizes (Gould & Eldredge 1993). Quiescent periods are characterized by most species having similar “fitness,” and avalanches of extinctions occur when the ...
Robustness of metacommunities with omnivory to habitat destruction
... patches: suitable habitat (s), which can be colonized, and unsuitable habitat (u), which cannot be colonized and can block distance-limited dispersal (Fig. 1b). Hiebeler (2000, 2007) characterizes such landscapes with two parameters: the density S and clustering degree qs/s of the suitable habitat. ...
... patches: suitable habitat (s), which can be colonized, and unsuitable habitat (u), which cannot be colonized and can block distance-limited dispersal (Fig. 1b). Hiebeler (2000, 2007) characterizes such landscapes with two parameters: the density S and clustering degree qs/s of the suitable habitat. ...
170328 VAFI FFG Act review v3
... In addition to abiding by Action Statements, Victorian forest managers are legally obliged by the Code of Practice to protect ecosystem structures and functions. There is a suite of mandatory actions to maintain environmental values and minimise impacts on cultural values and the vis ...
... In addition to abiding by Action Statements, Victorian forest managers are legally obliged by the Code of Practice to protect ecosystem structures and functions. There is a suite of mandatory actions to maintain environmental values and minimise impacts on cultural values and the vis ...
Effects of water pulsing on individual performance and competitive
... semi-arid grasslands of the southwestern USA. We used plants grown from seeds collected in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, where the three species dominate different habitats along small-scale gradients in soil moisture availability and standing crop within the semi-arid grassl ...
... semi-arid grasslands of the southwestern USA. We used plants grown from seeds collected in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, where the three species dominate different habitats along small-scale gradients in soil moisture availability and standing crop within the semi-arid grassl ...
A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic
... 1973) refers to this as an unstructured food web to emphasize the fact that there are no clear food chains in plankton assemblages in which species occupy defined trophic levels. Within the food web complex, the transmission of energy and matter tends to be redirected many times between species. A p ...
... 1973) refers to this as an unstructured food web to emphasize the fact that there are no clear food chains in plankton assemblages in which species occupy defined trophic levels. Within the food web complex, the transmission of energy and matter tends to be redirected many times between species. A p ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.