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Coral Reef Ecosystems
Coral Reef Ecosystems

... Jennings S, Kaiser MJ, Reynolds JD (2001) Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Science Ltd., London Kleypas JA, Buddemeier RW, Gattuso J-P (2001) The future of coral reefs in an age of global change. International Journal of Earth Sciences 90:426-437 Lessios HA (1998) Mass mortality of Diadema antill ...
Kusangaya- Masunga
Kusangaya- Masunga

... diversity. Of the world’s 1,868,000 species, 44,000 are described as coming from freshwater ecosystems (Reaka-Kudla 1997). This figure may seem small compared to other ecosystems but considering that freshwater ecosystems occupy only 0.8% of the earth’s surface it translates into an incredibly speci ...
Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production as An
Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production as An

... basis of lire on earth and provides the primary input für most food chains of all types (herbivory, carnivory, detritivory). While hunters and gatherers dwelled upon the products of photosynthesis much like any other kind of animal species, thus, reaching only very small densities, the cultural evol ...
Pre-seminar Discussion Paper
Pre-seminar Discussion Paper

... This meets the Outcome Description from the Scholarship Biology Standard is “The student will analyse biological situations in terms of ecological and evolutionary principles and demonstrate integration of biological knowledge and skills” ...
Human-modified ecosystems and future evolution
Human-modified ecosystems and future evolution

... most ancient and persistent signature. Great Lakes fishery and New Brunswick forestry practices, for example, select large species because of their high price per unit mass. Overharvested species of trees and fish are further stressed by pesticides, acid rain, chemicals, and introduced species, caus ...
Invasion and predation in aquatic ecosystems
Invasion and predation in aquatic ecosystems

... aggressive display, while the green crabs scuttled in and took the food (MacDonald et al., 2007). When fights took place over the food, the native C. sapidus was the “loser” a disproportionate number of times, despite their well-known aggression. These results suggest that juvenile blue crabs are at ...
Central Otago roundhead galaxias
Central Otago roundhead galaxias

... • Learn about these fascinating and rare creatures • Find out how you can help save them in your neighbourhood ...
Invasive alien species (IAS): Concerns and status in the Philippines
Invasive alien species (IAS): Concerns and status in the Philippines

... (2) Lizards. Five species of geckonid lizards widely distributed and closely associated with human habitations were also probably transported by man through inter-island boats. Soft-shelled turtles used as food have at times escaped to the wild. It is suspected that the leopard cat (Prionailurus ben ...
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Document

... What it means: •Two organisms that live together •Temporarily or for a longer time •At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship ...
Coral Reefs of Samoa - Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Coral Reefs of Samoa - Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment

... Within the world’s ocean, the greatest variety of life is found on amazing living structures called ‘coral reefs’. Coral reefs are often referred to as the ‚rainforests of the sea‛ since it is one of the most diverse, species rich and highly productive biological systems in the world. Coral reefs pl ...
Law Office of Jack Silver
Law Office of Jack Silver

... 1997 and the listing status was reaffirmed in 2006. Critical habitat was designated for this ESU on September 2,2005 and protective regulations were issued on June 28,2005. Steelhead trout are a unique species. Individuals develop differently depending on their environment. While all steelhead hatch ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 309:175
Marine Ecology Progress Series 309:175

... called ‘vulnerability’ (v) that conceptually represents a theoretical flow rate at which the prey biomass moves from a vulnerable state to an invulnerable one. As implemented, the vulnerability is the maximum mortality that a predator can cause on a given prey, relative to the Ecopath base mortality ...
High apex predator biomass on remote Pacific islands
High apex predator biomass on remote Pacific islands

Reading Quiz - AP Environmental Science
Reading Quiz - AP Environmental Science

... Hudson River have declined by up to 70% since the arrival of zebra mussels because a. Waste from zebra mussels promotes bacterial growth that kills zooplankton b. Zebra mussels prey on zooplankton c. Zebra mussels feed on cyanobacteria, which zooplankton need as a food resource d. Zebra mussels bloc ...
Ecology
Ecology

... A flora of Hawaiian plants (1990) listed many extinct species. Thirty-five have since been found, though only a few individuals. These extremely small populations cannot serve the same ecological functions as more substantial populations. ...
Endangered Species Presentation
Endangered Species Presentation

... human activities are also the main problem facing the endangered manatee, or sea cow. ...
Endangered Species Presentation
Endangered Species Presentation

NOBANIS - Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Oncorhynchus mykiss
NOBANIS - Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Oncorhynchus mykiss

... IUCN list of Threatened Species: www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php?species=15316 Jensen F. and Rasmussen, G. 1988. Regnbueørred (rainbow trout). Natur og Museum 27(4) pp 31. Jonsson, N, Jonsson, B., Hansen, L.P. and Aass, P. 1993a. Coastal movement and growth of domesticated rainbow trout (Onco ...
A research project from The National Center for Agricultural Law... the University of Arkansas •
A research project from The National Center for Agricultural Law... the University of Arkansas •

... forthcoming series—is about the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to the conservation of biodiversity in the developed world–or at least in a significant part of it–from the perspective of law and policy. By contrasting efforts in Great Britain and the United States to deal with biodiv ...
Endangered Means There`s Still Time
Endangered Means There`s Still Time

Endangered Species
Endangered Species

Lamine River Basin Biotic Communities
Lamine River Basin Biotic Communities

... affinity (Pflieger 1989). Relative abundance of fish in each group is provided for each of five subbasins including Heath's Creek, Muddy Creek, Flat Creek, Richland Creek and the mainstem Lamine River. Most collections were made by seining except in areas where water was too deep. All nektonic and b ...
Here is Menakhem`s report
Here is Menakhem`s report

... system, introduced in result of Denmark’s pressure and local choice. The Faroese people soon perceived both the operation and consequences of this system as leading towards economic, social - and with over 90% of the country’s foreign trade coming from fishing - a national debacle. Consequently, the ...
ECOBAR Benthic indicators for monitoring the ecosystem of the
ECOBAR Benthic indicators for monitoring the ecosystem of the

... the Barents Sea. Key actions include benthic monitoring, protecting sponge communities from trawling, and working through international mechanisms for invasive species and pollution. ...
BIODIVERSITY AND HAZARDS MANAGEMENT
BIODIVERSITY AND HAZARDS MANAGEMENT

... categories of classification) present. For example, a pond containing three species of snails and two fish, is more diverse than a pond containing five species of snails, even though they both contain the same number of species. High species biodiversity is not always necessarily a good thing. For e ...
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Overexploitation



Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.
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