An Invasive Species Reduces Aquatic Insect Flux to Terrestrial Food
... in the Great Basin Province at over 40 km2 (Ayala et al. 2007). It is composed of numerous spring wells and large, shallow marshes connected by flowing channels. All of these spring wells are geothermally heated (approximately 25 °C year-round). Numerous terrestrial species depend on this system for ...
... in the Great Basin Province at over 40 km2 (Ayala et al. 2007). It is composed of numerous spring wells and large, shallow marshes connected by flowing channels. All of these spring wells are geothermally heated (approximately 25 °C year-round). Numerous terrestrial species depend on this system for ...
A New View of Species Extinction - The Dartmouth Undergraduate
... Fig. 1: A simplified version of the Antarctic food chain. Krill provides the basic resource for many large mammals (10). ...
... Fig. 1: A simplified version of the Antarctic food chain. Krill provides the basic resource for many large mammals (10). ...
Sustainability of Human Ecological Niche Construction
... This model assumes that if a natural enemy is present, then it depends entirely on humans, and does so in a classical densitydependent way. This first assumption will not hold for zoonotic infections that are shared between humans and animal resources. Note, however, that although many emerging zoon ...
... This model assumes that if a natural enemy is present, then it depends entirely on humans, and does so in a classical densitydependent way. This first assumption will not hold for zoonotic infections that are shared between humans and animal resources. Note, however, that although many emerging zoon ...
simulated predator extinctions
... crabs, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), stone crab (Menippe mercenaria), and mud crab (Panopeus herbstii) in estuaries in the eastern United States. We tested the effects of species richness and identity of predators on juvenile oyster survival, oyster recruitment, and organic matter content of ...
... crabs, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), stone crab (Menippe mercenaria), and mud crab (Panopeus herbstii) in estuaries in the eastern United States. We tested the effects of species richness and identity of predators on juvenile oyster survival, oyster recruitment, and organic matter content of ...
Fredrik Olajos
... development gives a ring-like structure where the darker patches indicate slow growth. Therefore, the space in between each "ring" represent one year of growth (Picture 1). However, in older fish where growth rate is slowed down or halted, scale development is also greatly reduced, where as otolith ...
... development gives a ring-like structure where the darker patches indicate slow growth. Therefore, the space in between each "ring" represent one year of growth (Picture 1). However, in older fish where growth rate is slowed down or halted, scale development is also greatly reduced, where as otolith ...
Resource partitioning between ungulate populations in arid
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
RESEARCH REPORT Synopsis of 50 Years of Warmwater Fish STATE OF MICHIGAN
... which 10 combinations of fish assemblages and angling exploitation were identified. The development of each combination was monitored and it's equilibrium state was observed or estimated. Initially, in 1945, Jewett Lake contained a diverse, lightly exploited, climax warmwater community with bluegill ...
... which 10 combinations of fish assemblages and angling exploitation were identified. The development of each combination was monitored and it's equilibrium state was observed or estimated. Initially, in 1945, Jewett Lake contained a diverse, lightly exploited, climax warmwater community with bluegill ...
The Effect of Density-Independent Mortality on the Coexistence of
... competitors differ in the resource they capture most effectively and have mirror image consumption rates. If both species capture resource i at a greater rate than resource j, then a low enough value of d implies that resource j is the only resource present at each of the two possible singleconsumer ...
... competitors differ in the resource they capture most effectively and have mirror image consumption rates. If both species capture resource i at a greater rate than resource j, then a low enough value of d implies that resource j is the only resource present at each of the two possible singleconsumer ...
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of
... this period consist primarily of ancient marine organisms, mostly invertebrates (animals without backbones). Terrestrial fossil remains, particularly of vertebrates (animals with backbones), have been very rare. But two ancient fossil vertebrates are of special note. First, Jamaica had its own rhino ...
... this period consist primarily of ancient marine organisms, mostly invertebrates (animals without backbones). Terrestrial fossil remains, particularly of vertebrates (animals with backbones), have been very rare. But two ancient fossil vertebrates are of special note. First, Jamaica had its own rhino ...
Laurance 2008 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of Central
... chopped up into fragments of various sizes and degrees of isolation. Distinguishing the impacts of these two processes on biodiversity is challenging because they generally co-vary. For example, in forested landscapes in which most of the original habitat has been destroyed, the surviving fragments ...
... chopped up into fragments of various sizes and degrees of isolation. Distinguishing the impacts of these two processes on biodiversity is challenging because they generally co-vary. For example, in forested landscapes in which most of the original habitat has been destroyed, the surviving fragments ...
What does biodiversity actually do? A review for managers and
... positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Experiments manipulating biodiversity have tended to show a strong positive relationship which plateaus at higher diversity levels, while most observational studies have shown a hump-backed relationship (see Kinzig et al. 2001 for a ...
... positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Experiments manipulating biodiversity have tended to show a strong positive relationship which plateaus at higher diversity levels, while most observational studies have shown a hump-backed relationship (see Kinzig et al. 2001 for a ...
Full text in pdf format
... concentrated in pits, holes and low-lying areas. Samples of limestone substrata collected from the bottom in the Makapuu bed were examined in the laboratory. The upper surfaces of all of the samples were heavily pitted and supported few micro-organisms. The undersurfaces were covered by some serpuli ...
... concentrated in pits, holes and low-lying areas. Samples of limestone substrata collected from the bottom in the Makapuu bed were examined in the laboratory. The upper surfaces of all of the samples were heavily pitted and supported few micro-organisms. The undersurfaces were covered by some serpuli ...
pdf - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... herbivores (De Angelis 1992; Chase et al. 2000a), which assumes a constant resource supply rate, a type I functional response of autotrophs taking up resources, and a type I functional response of herbivores consuming autotrophs. It is well known that three-level food chains incorporating type II fu ...
... herbivores (De Angelis 1992; Chase et al. 2000a), which assumes a constant resource supply rate, a type I functional response of autotrophs taking up resources, and a type I functional response of herbivores consuming autotrophs. It is well known that three-level food chains incorporating type II fu ...
A cross-system synthesis of consumer and nutrient
... herbivores (De Angelis 1992; Chase et al. 2000a), which assumes a constant resource supply rate, a type I functional response of autotrophs taking up resources, and a type I functional response of herbivores consuming autotrophs. It is well known that three-level food chains incorporating type II fu ...
... herbivores (De Angelis 1992; Chase et al. 2000a), which assumes a constant resource supply rate, a type I functional response of autotrophs taking up resources, and a type I functional response of herbivores consuming autotrophs. It is well known that three-level food chains incorporating type II fu ...
Biodiversity Action Planning - Department of Environment, Land
... biodiversity exists in a landscape that also supports economic and social activities. Land managers require a practical system for dealing with this complexity. This system must allow for multiplespecies strategies, the identification of priority sites for native biodiversity and be complementary to ...
... biodiversity exists in a landscape that also supports economic and social activities. Land managers require a practical system for dealing with this complexity. This system must allow for multiplespecies strategies, the identification of priority sites for native biodiversity and be complementary to ...
The distribution of deer biomass in North America supports the
... between wolves and their prey in the presence of a bear species. The equilibrium biomass of deer should exceed that observed in the moose range (62 kg km72), because there are many deer species in this part of the continent, and equilibrium density appears higher in multispecies assemblages than whe ...
... between wolves and their prey in the presence of a bear species. The equilibrium biomass of deer should exceed that observed in the moose range (62 kg km72), because there are many deer species in this part of the continent, and equilibrium density appears higher in multispecies assemblages than whe ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... b. Small patches can harbor only small populations of the species that can survive there. c. Due to edge effects, small patches have higher temperatures, stronger winds, and lower humidity levels than larger forest tracts. d. Species that live in the clear-cut areas often invade the edges of the pat ...
... b. Small patches can harbor only small populations of the species that can survive there. c. Due to edge effects, small patches have higher temperatures, stronger winds, and lower humidity levels than larger forest tracts. d. Species that live in the clear-cut areas often invade the edges of the pat ...
Ch 9 Wildlife Biology Management
... • U.S. Endangered Species Act – identifies two classes of at-risk species • endangered: immediate danger of extinction • threatened: at risk of becoming endangered ...
... • U.S. Endangered Species Act – identifies two classes of at-risk species • endangered: immediate danger of extinction • threatened: at risk of becoming endangered ...
Information Sheet on Network Sites - East Asian
... hexandra, Lippia javanica, Ludwigia species, Mimosa pudica, Monochoria hastata, Oryza rufipogon, Polygonum barbatum, Pseudoraphis spinescens, Saccharum spontaneum and Typha angustata) are an important habitat for many waterfowl. The swamp forests and reedlands also include uncommon plant species suc ...
... hexandra, Lippia javanica, Ludwigia species, Mimosa pudica, Monochoria hastata, Oryza rufipogon, Polygonum barbatum, Pseudoraphis spinescens, Saccharum spontaneum and Typha angustata) are an important habitat for many waterfowl. The swamp forests and reedlands also include uncommon plant species suc ...
ESDay2013MediaSample.. - Endangered Species Coalition
... once in the last seven years. Jason Lauritsen, the Sancutary Director said that’s because adjacent wetlands, where the birds foraged, have been developed. He said the last time they did nest, in 2009, was after heavy rains from Tropical Storm Faye. “The result on the ground was significant flood, fa ...
... once in the last seven years. Jason Lauritsen, the Sancutary Director said that’s because adjacent wetlands, where the birds foraged, have been developed. He said the last time they did nest, in 2009, was after heavy rains from Tropical Storm Faye. “The result on the ground was significant flood, fa ...
Trophic Organization of Fishes in a Coastal
... mollusks are taken. While the ontogenetic progression of feeding represents a temporal continuum with considerable overlap between adjacent growth stages and spatial variation in diet specialization, there is a relatively stable pattern of pinfish diet in shallow grassbeds ranging from planktivory a ...
... mollusks are taken. While the ontogenetic progression of feeding represents a temporal continuum with considerable overlap between adjacent growth stages and spatial variation in diet specialization, there is a relatively stable pattern of pinfish diet in shallow grassbeds ranging from planktivory a ...
Sea Urchin Predation in Misali Island Marine Park
... This initial recovery may give a false impression of reef health and justify a conservation policy that allows unsustainable human disturbance. In McClanahan’s study on recovery rates of sea urchin predators, he found that as time progresses, the composition of the sea urchin predator guild changes; ...
... This initial recovery may give a false impression of reef health and justify a conservation policy that allows unsustainable human disturbance. In McClanahan’s study on recovery rates of sea urchin predators, he found that as time progresses, the composition of the sea urchin predator guild changes; ...
Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
View or download introduction
... known to eat the seeds, fruits, leaves, and shoots of a variety of plants, including stripping the bark of koa (Acacia koa) saplings and eating the seeds of loulu (Pritchardia spp.) palms and other endangered plant species (U.S. Army 2006). These actions may kill plants outright, make them more susc ...
... known to eat the seeds, fruits, leaves, and shoots of a variety of plants, including stripping the bark of koa (Acacia koa) saplings and eating the seeds of loulu (Pritchardia spp.) palms and other endangered plant species (U.S. Army 2006). These actions may kill plants outright, make them more susc ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.