Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth
... pared to observations. The simulation with the natural forcings combined (volcanic and solar) in Fig. 2a appears to have characteristics of the sum of the responses of the forcings by themselves in Figs. 1a,b. There is warming greater than about 10.28C in the mid-1940s, and somewhat less warming in ...
... pared to observations. The simulation with the natural forcings combined (volcanic and solar) in Fig. 2a appears to have characteristics of the sum of the responses of the forcings by themselves in Figs. 1a,b. There is warming greater than about 10.28C in the mid-1940s, and somewhat less warming in ...
A Modelling Study on the Variability of Global Storm Activity on Time
... In these regions the mean number of storm days per season is about 50 to 60 out of 90 days. The mean number of severe storm days only amounts to 10 to 20 per season (not shown). Hence, in the following we focus mainly on the occurrence of storm days. A corresponding analysis of simulation H1 shows t ...
... In these regions the mean number of storm days per season is about 50 to 60 out of 90 days. The mean number of severe storm days only amounts to 10 to 20 per season (not shown). Hence, in the following we focus mainly on the occurrence of storm days. A corresponding analysis of simulation H1 shows t ...
Impact of Climate Change on Thermal Power Plants
... In 2009, over 80% of the electricity in the world was generated using thermal power plants (IEA, 2011 ; Linnerund et al., 2011). Although technologies might change and we could see a switching to cleaner electricity, the proportion of thermal power plants in the global mix (exclusive of solar and ge ...
... In 2009, over 80% of the electricity in the world was generated using thermal power plants (IEA, 2011 ; Linnerund et al., 2011). Although technologies might change and we could see a switching to cleaner electricity, the proportion of thermal power plants in the global mix (exclusive of solar and ge ...
H3 Evidence and impacts of climate change.
... H1-1 L2 text: The Earth's climate has changed throughout its history long before human activity could have played a role. For example, the planet has swung between cold glacial periods or "ice ages", and warm interglacial periods over the last few million years. Natural causes of climate change: Out ...
... H1-1 L2 text: The Earth's climate has changed throughout its history long before human activity could have played a role. For example, the planet has swung between cold glacial periods or "ice ages", and warm interglacial periods over the last few million years. Natural causes of climate change: Out ...
2005 Exxon Foundation 990 vs Exxon Giving Report
... Under increasing scrutiny and pressure over the past two years from scientists, policy makers and the public, the company was forced to reveal that it had stopped funding a handful of organizations identified as part of the company’s denial campaign on global warming. In July 2006, ExxonMobil met wi ...
... Under increasing scrutiny and pressure over the past two years from scientists, policy makers and the public, the company was forced to reveal that it had stopped funding a handful of organizations identified as part of the company’s denial campaign on global warming. In July 2006, ExxonMobil met wi ...
A review of ENSO and Climate Change
... dev. in Hadley Centre models and observations • Increase in ENSO variability over 20th Century is seen in observations and model simulations forced by increasing greenhouse gases • Future projections show larger, more frequent ENSO events ...
... dev. in Hadley Centre models and observations • Increase in ENSO variability over 20th Century is seen in observations and model simulations forced by increasing greenhouse gases • Future projections show larger, more frequent ENSO events ...
PDF
... influence crop and livestock production, hydrologic balances, input supplies and other components of ...
... influence crop and livestock production, hydrologic balances, input supplies and other components of ...
Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change
... heat transport by a weakened THC. However, several other mechanisms may lead to sea-ice formation even without variations in the THC. For example, lower insolation (Rind 2002), reduced atmospheric CO2 , volcanic eruption, which may cause temporal cooling, or variations in land-ice sheets through the ...
... heat transport by a weakened THC. However, several other mechanisms may lead to sea-ice formation even without variations in the THC. For example, lower insolation (Rind 2002), reduced atmospheric CO2 , volcanic eruption, which may cause temporal cooling, or variations in land-ice sheets through the ...
PDF
... ERS researchers used a measure of heat stress— the temperature humidity index (THI) load— to quantify the relationship between climate and dairy production. The THI is a combined measure of ambient temperature and relative humidity and has been shown to better quantify heat stress on livestock than ...
... ERS researchers used a measure of heat stress— the temperature humidity index (THI) load— to quantify the relationship between climate and dairy production. The THI is a combined measure of ambient temperature and relative humidity and has been shown to better quantify heat stress on livestock than ...
Gridded Spring Forecast Maps for Natural Resource Planning Alyssa Rosemartin
... • Spring index models • Working with partners on pilot applications to assess product utility • Conducting some product inter-comparisons ...
... • Spring index models • Working with partners on pilot applications to assess product utility • Conducting some product inter-comparisons ...
Understanding the variability of the El
... physical and chemical properties of natural archives, such as annually-banded corals and trees. In particular, the current project is generating many centuries of new data from living and ‘fossil’ corals from the Galápagos Islands in the Eastern Pacific, an area highly sensitive to ENSO variability. ...
... physical and chemical properties of natural archives, such as annually-banded corals and trees. In particular, the current project is generating many centuries of new data from living and ‘fossil’ corals from the Galápagos Islands in the Eastern Pacific, an area highly sensitive to ENSO variability. ...
Why We Need A New Direction In Climate Change Science
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
6g_CCNet-coach-training-presentation
... Issue: Should we design strategies to address catastrophic impacts that have an uncertain probability of occurring? • At this point, it’s probably worth discussing these and even brainstorming strategies. But we don’t suggest putting too much effort into detailing out such strategies until we know ...
... Issue: Should we design strategies to address catastrophic impacts that have an uncertain probability of occurring? • At this point, it’s probably worth discussing these and even brainstorming strategies. But we don’t suggest putting too much effort into detailing out such strategies until we know ...
Climate in the 21st century - four scenarios for
... processes in the climate system is still limited. For example, the influence of water vapour, clouds, snow and ice on the Earth’s solar and thermal radiation balance and hence the temperature still requires improvement. Some processes are not included at all. None of the climate models used in this ...
... processes in the climate system is still limited. For example, the influence of water vapour, clouds, snow and ice on the Earth’s solar and thermal radiation balance and hence the temperature still requires improvement. Some processes are not included at all. None of the climate models used in this ...
PDF
... (averaging 17%) by 2080. However, 52 countries with a population of up to 3 billion may lose on average 19% of their current yield potential over the same period. In a review of global food security studies, Schmidhuber and Tubiello (2007) suggested that the robust economic growth projected for the ...
... (averaging 17%) by 2080. However, 52 countries with a population of up to 3 billion may lose on average 19% of their current yield potential over the same period. In a review of global food security studies, Schmidhuber and Tubiello (2007) suggested that the robust economic growth projected for the ...
Presentation
... grounds through all the country since 2000, and that in the beginning of second half of the 21st century, more than half of the surface of Haiti will be in great danger of turning into a desert because of the unfavourable climatic conditions. The climate changes should reduce the water resources o ...
... grounds through all the country since 2000, and that in the beginning of second half of the 21st century, more than half of the surface of Haiti will be in great danger of turning into a desert because of the unfavourable climatic conditions. The climate changes should reduce the water resources o ...
Ecology3e Ch25 Lecture KEY
... Northern Hemisphere has increased, but weather has been drier in the subtropics and tropics. There is also a trend of increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heat waves. ...
... Northern Hemisphere has increased, but weather has been drier in the subtropics and tropics. There is also a trend of increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heat waves. ...
Articles
... The ocean at Palmer Station, Antarctic. LTER investigators haveemployed an understanding of time and spacevariations in the stratosphere and Antarctic waters, radiation transfer theory, remote sensing, and sea-surfaceand hydrographic observations to provide one of the first piecesof evidenceof an ec ...
... The ocean at Palmer Station, Antarctic. LTER investigators haveemployed an understanding of time and spacevariations in the stratosphere and Antarctic waters, radiation transfer theory, remote sensing, and sea-surfaceand hydrographic observations to provide one of the first piecesof evidenceof an ec ...
Plants and Animals in Washington (PDF)
... communities, and may threaten the some of the region’s iconic species.[A] The timing of biological events, such as spring budburst and migration, will shift for many species. Sea level rise is projected to displace coastal habitats and the species that depend on them. Ocean acidification will negati ...
... communities, and may threaten the some of the region’s iconic species.[A] The timing of biological events, such as spring budburst and migration, will shift for many species. Sea level rise is projected to displace coastal habitats and the species that depend on them. Ocean acidification will negati ...
Thermal bioclimate analysis for Europe and Italy
... The analysis of the thermal indicators on humans, when applied to the present climate conditions and to climate change may deliver information which can assist decision making on various levels, including health, tourism and regional planning. Changes in the overall bioclimatic conditions for humans ...
... The analysis of the thermal indicators on humans, when applied to the present climate conditions and to climate change may deliver information which can assist decision making on various levels, including health, tourism and regional planning. Changes in the overall bioclimatic conditions for humans ...
Smallholder Farmers` Perception of Climate Change
... The earth’s average surface temperature has increased by almost 0.740C over the past century (IPCC, 2007a). The consequences of this alteration are now becoming more visible as climatic conditions and ecosystems change (IPCC, 2007b). Climate refers to the characteristic conditions of the earth’s low ...
... The earth’s average surface temperature has increased by almost 0.740C over the past century (IPCC, 2007a). The consequences of this alteration are now becoming more visible as climatic conditions and ecosystems change (IPCC, 2007b). Climate refers to the characteristic conditions of the earth’s low ...
California Getting Wetter to the North, Drier to the South: Natural
... regions of North America as the atmosphere has warmed over the last century [1–4]. Karl and Knight [5] found a 10% increase in annual precipitation in the United States between 1910 and 1996 with over half of this increase coming from the upper 10th percentile of daily precipitation. Higgins et al. ...
... regions of North America as the atmosphere has warmed over the last century [1–4]. Karl and Knight [5] found a 10% increase in annual precipitation in the United States between 1910 and 1996 with over half of this increase coming from the upper 10th percentile of daily precipitation. Higgins et al. ...
Chapter 8 - Teacher Friendly Guides
... humidity, precipitation, and other atmospheric/hydrospheric conditions a region experiences over a period of many years. These factors interact with and are influenced by other parts of the Earth system, including geology, geography, insolation, currents, and living things. Because it is founded on ...
... humidity, precipitation, and other atmospheric/hydrospheric conditions a region experiences over a period of many years. These factors interact with and are influenced by other parts of the Earth system, including geology, geography, insolation, currents, and living things. Because it is founded on ...
Document
... 1. Climate change could worsen ozone air quality in U.S.; the summer average daily max-8-hr ozone is projected to increase by 2-5 ppb over large areas of U.S. due to the 2000-2050 climate change with the IPCC A1B scenario. 2. Factors causing worse ozone air quality associated with the future climate ...
... 1. Climate change could worsen ozone air quality in U.S.; the summer average daily max-8-hr ozone is projected to increase by 2-5 ppb over large areas of U.S. due to the 2000-2050 climate change with the IPCC A1B scenario. 2. Factors causing worse ozone air quality associated with the future climate ...
Full-Text PDF
... (e.g., [1]), the driving force for this interchange is the water vapor pressure gradient between the evaporating surface and the overlying air. This complex interaction within the Amazon basin is also linked to the thermal and dynamical behavior of the troposphere induced by Sea Surface Temperature ...
... (e.g., [1]), the driving force for this interchange is the water vapor pressure gradient between the evaporating surface and the overlying air. This complex interaction within the Amazon basin is also linked to the thermal and dynamical behavior of the troposphere induced by Sea Surface Temperature ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.