Climate change and the impact of aerosol
... gases resulting from human activity. The amount of aerosols has also increased, and since they exert a cooling effect on average, part of the greenhouse warming has been compensated. Natural factors, such as an increase in solar activity in the first half of the 20th century, also contributed to the ...
... gases resulting from human activity. The amount of aerosols has also increased, and since they exert a cooling effect on average, part of the greenhouse warming has been compensated. Natural factors, such as an increase in solar activity in the first half of the 20th century, also contributed to the ...
Two Decades of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... (2011), but not discussed here]. The emphasis in this paper is on the need to understand the flow and variability throughout the entire Atlantic Ocean; specific regional discussions are omitted. Nonetheless, note that the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) array (Rayner et al. 2011) uniquely spans the Nor ...
... (2011), but not discussed here]. The emphasis in this paper is on the need to understand the flow and variability throughout the entire Atlantic Ocean; specific regional discussions are omitted. Nonetheless, note that the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) array (Rayner et al. 2011) uniquely spans the Nor ...
AFGHANISTAN: CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES
... with most significant agriculture (East, Central Highlands, and North) are affected by the decrease in spring precipitation. Figures 8, 9, and 10 show the trends in detail for these regions, with the strongest decrease in the Central Highlands of almost 40% from 1950 until 2010. In the Hindukush and ...
... with most significant agriculture (East, Central Highlands, and North) are affected by the decrease in spring precipitation. Figures 8, 9, and 10 show the trends in detail for these regions, with the strongest decrease in the Central Highlands of almost 40% from 1950 until 2010. In the Hindukush and ...
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop
... and P over a 50-year period (2040–2060 versus 1990– 2010) from 16 climate models. Results from each climate model are averaged across crop areas in five continents. The average model-projected rates of warming are similar to the mean observed rates since 1980 of roughly 0.3°C per decade (Fig. 2). The ...
... and P over a 50-year period (2040–2060 versus 1990– 2010) from 16 climate models. Results from each climate model are averaged across crop areas in five continents. The average model-projected rates of warming are similar to the mean observed rates since 1980 of roughly 0.3°C per decade (Fig. 2). The ...
PDF
... Iglesias and Minguez 1996; Parry et al.; 2004 Kim et al. 2010). Although rooted in solid science, there are several important limitations to these estimates. First, the crop simulation analyses fail to capture endogenous adaptation to climate. Second, the analyses are limited to major grains and do ...
... Iglesias and Minguez 1996; Parry et al.; 2004 Kim et al. 2010). Although rooted in solid science, there are several important limitations to these estimates. First, the crop simulation analyses fail to capture endogenous adaptation to climate. Second, the analyses are limited to major grains and do ...
W16IntroCSPsyllabus R5
... Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future (Cambridge University Press, 2014). Focus: The goal of this course is to familiarize students with the policy history of climate change, and given them an in-depth understanding of climate policy options as they’ ...
... Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future (Cambridge University Press, 2014). Focus: The goal of this course is to familiarize students with the policy history of climate change, and given them an in-depth understanding of climate policy options as they’ ...
List of maps and graphs
... Model simulation of hydrodynamics and phytoplankton dynamics during three contrasting summers (The cold summer of 1956, the average summer of 1991 and the hot summer of 2003). ...
... Model simulation of hydrodynamics and phytoplankton dynamics during three contrasting summers (The cold summer of 1956, the average summer of 1991 and the hot summer of 2003). ...
CALIFORNIA HEAT WAVES
... and tolerable. The temperature warms up during the day and normally cools off greatly at night allowing plants and animals to recuperate and get ready for another day of scorching heat. However, this traditional type of heat wave, natural for our semi-arid Mediterranean climate, has increasingly ten ...
... and tolerable. The temperature warms up during the day and normally cools off greatly at night allowing plants and animals to recuperate and get ready for another day of scorching heat. However, this traditional type of heat wave, natural for our semi-arid Mediterranean climate, has increasingly ten ...
... satellite maps now we can only find 7,” at bu.edu/ Primack says. “We’re bostonia. investigating how this decline has occurred, and also what to do about it.” In the last year, those investigations have teamed him with Polgar, as well as with Schaaf. NASA launched the Earth-observing satellite Terra ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
... quantification of changes in the amount of water in the atmosphere, especially because satellite observational estimates are available for this quantity§. Held & Soden (2006) found a rate of increase in the amount of global-mean water vapor with respect to globalmean surface air temperature of 7.5%/ ...
File - Climatelinks
... partially due to uneven seasonal and geographical distribution. Although uncertainties exist about the future of rainfall for the country, a scenario under which temperatures increase and rainfall is reduced could reduce total available water resources by 10– 15 percent by 2040. Transboundary rivers ...
... partially due to uneven seasonal and geographical distribution. Although uncertainties exist about the future of rainfall for the country, a scenario under which temperatures increase and rainfall is reduced could reduce total available water resources by 10– 15 percent by 2040. Transboundary rivers ...
Climate Change
... or the introduction of an agent (say, a change in greenhouse gas concentrations) is the change in net (down minus up) irradiance (solar plus long-wave; in Wm-2) at the tropopause AFTER allowing for stratospheric temperatures to readjust to radiative equilibrium, but with surface and tropospheric tem ...
... or the introduction of an agent (say, a change in greenhouse gas concentrations) is the change in net (down minus up) irradiance (solar plus long-wave; in Wm-2) at the tropopause AFTER allowing for stratospheric temperatures to readjust to radiative equilibrium, but with surface and tropospheric tem ...
Statistical downscaling of daily mean temperature, pan evaporation
... The climate in China is strongly controlled by the East Asian monsoon, in which the atmosphere circulation feature is quite different between winter and summer, and the scale of circulation pattern is large. Thus, it is a huge challenge in China to choose predictors in the wide tempospatial space (S ...
... The climate in China is strongly controlled by the East Asian monsoon, in which the atmosphere circulation feature is quite different between winter and summer, and the scale of circulation pattern is large. Thus, it is a huge challenge in China to choose predictors in the wide tempospatial space (S ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Puerto Rico
... Puerto Rico showed increasing trends in air temperature. • Historical data from Adjuntas and Mayagüez indicated significant increasing trend in air temperature •Historical data from Lajas did not indicate a significant trend in air temperature. The historical temperature data at Lajas may have been ...
... Puerto Rico showed increasing trends in air temperature. • Historical data from Adjuntas and Mayagüez indicated significant increasing trend in air temperature •Historical data from Lajas did not indicate a significant trend in air temperature. The historical temperature data at Lajas may have been ...
The 2°C target - Climate Emergency Institute
... 1996 and reaffirmed since then by the Environment Council 2003, and European Council, 2005, 2007. The paper also identifies how this target may be achieved through global action. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) indicates that the global mean t ...
... 1996 and reaffirmed since then by the Environment Council 2003, and European Council, 2005, 2007. The paper also identifies how this target may be achieved through global action. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) indicates that the global mean t ...
Atmospheric Science
... Time mean fields and other statistics of observed general circulation; zonally symmetric and asymmetric components; mean-meridional circulation and eddies; Maintenance of zonally mean circulation and eddies. Energetic of the atmosphere- Total Potential Energy, Available Potential Energy; Kinetic Ene ...
... Time mean fields and other statistics of observed general circulation; zonally symmetric and asymmetric components; mean-meridional circulation and eddies; Maintenance of zonally mean circulation and eddies. Energetic of the atmosphere- Total Potential Energy, Available Potential Energy; Kinetic Ene ...
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its
... except in the extreme North, where the typical Ss is around 40%. The August values are even higher than the annual means, and in Southern Spain they reach 75 – 80%. In the last decades a very slight increase (not shown) appears in the Ss. The large amount of sunshine in Spain all year round is a nat ...
... except in the extreme North, where the typical Ss is around 40%. The August values are even higher than the annual means, and in Southern Spain they reach 75 – 80%. In the last decades a very slight increase (not shown) appears in the Ss. The large amount of sunshine in Spain all year round is a nat ...
`Future` climate and impacts - Climatic Research Unit
... What does this show? For temperature, the observed trends and climate change signal are stronger than for precipitation. Figure 2 shows observed and simulated (ENEA, MPI and IPSL models) mean annual maximum and minimum temperature for Athens, as anomalies from the 1961-1990 baseline. In general, the ...
... What does this show? For temperature, the observed trends and climate change signal are stronger than for precipitation. Figure 2 shows observed and simulated (ENEA, MPI and IPSL models) mean annual maximum and minimum temperature for Athens, as anomalies from the 1961-1990 baseline. In general, the ...
PDF
... the direction, magnitude, and rate of change but also on the responsiveness of farmers and ranchers to shifting conditions. Adaptive behaviors such as adjusting crop choices and production practices may help mitigate the negative effects of climate change and enable some producers to capitalize on n ...
... the direction, magnitude, and rate of change but also on the responsiveness of farmers and ranchers to shifting conditions. Adaptive behaviors such as adjusting crop choices and production practices may help mitigate the negative effects of climate change and enable some producers to capitalize on n ...
Presentation
... A Growing Interest 2: Climate and Plants Vostock ice core data from Petit et al., 1999; current CO2 data ...
... A Growing Interest 2: Climate and Plants Vostock ice core data from Petit et al., 1999; current CO2 data ...
Can Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Counteract Global Warming?
... combustion sources, for which measurements are rare (9). Because aerosol concentrations vary widely across both time and space, comparisons between models and measurements must be interpreted with care, and it is difficult to corroborate models and their emission inputs. Processes that remove BC fro ...
... combustion sources, for which measurements are rare (9). Because aerosol concentrations vary widely across both time and space, comparisons between models and measurements must be interpreted with care, and it is difficult to corroborate models and their emission inputs. Processes that remove BC fro ...
A large ozone-circulation feedback and its implications for global
... interactions in increasingly sophisticated Earth system models. Our results imply that ...
... interactions in increasingly sophisticated Earth system models. Our results imply that ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GHGs INVENTORY IN SLOVAKIA
... tion of all qualitative parameters for the national inventory systems, description of the quality assurance and quality control plan according to the Article 5, paragraph 1 is also required. Brand new and high level co-ordination body has been established on June 2008 according to the Resolution of ...
... tion of all qualitative parameters for the national inventory systems, description of the quality assurance and quality control plan according to the Article 5, paragraph 1 is also required. Brand new and high level co-ordination body has been established on June 2008 according to the Resolution of ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.