“Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability
... overlays of areas sensitive and vulnerable to various kinds of risks, disasters and climaterelated impacts and content which will be provided in the electronic spatial database and information system. This publication draws upon information from various sources to comprehensively showcase different ...
... overlays of areas sensitive and vulnerable to various kinds of risks, disasters and climaterelated impacts and content which will be provided in the electronic spatial database and information system. This publication draws upon information from various sources to comprehensively showcase different ...
Vulnerability Assessment of the North East Atlantic Shelf Marine
... with their source and the confidence in their accuracy (see Section 3.1 for further discussion on data confidence). The assessment was based on a comparison of existing conditions (Sections 4 and 5) and the likely effects of these characteristics which in general are from the UKCIP02 High Emissions ...
... with their source and the confidence in their accuracy (see Section 3.1 for further discussion on data confidence). The assessment was based on a comparison of existing conditions (Sections 4 and 5) and the likely effects of these characteristics which in general are from the UKCIP02 High Emissions ...
Climate change and water resources
... Asia: summer and winter temperatures rise by 0.1- 0.2 degrees per decade over the next 10-20 years. Heavy rainfall and cyclone intensity may increase due to disruption of the El Niño cycle and increasing sea surface temperatures. ...
... Asia: summer and winter temperatures rise by 0.1- 0.2 degrees per decade over the next 10-20 years. Heavy rainfall and cyclone intensity may increase due to disruption of the El Niño cycle and increasing sea surface temperatures. ...
Climate change and the greenhouse effect
... daily, weekly and even annual atmospheric conditions of Earth (such as humidity, rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind). Climate is these weather conditions at a certain locality, statistically averaged over a period of at least 30 years9. Global warming and climate change It is neces ...
... daily, weekly and even annual atmospheric conditions of Earth (such as humidity, rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind). Climate is these weather conditions at a certain locality, statistically averaged over a period of at least 30 years9. Global warming and climate change It is neces ...
Intensified plant N and C pool with more available nitrogen under
... 2015; Webster & Payne, 2002) was used to test the warming effect and its interaction with measuring month and with soil depth as a covariate on soil ammonia, nitrate, total inorganic nitrogen, and root biomass. Two-way ANOVA analysis was used to test the effects of warming and measuring month on MB ...
... 2015; Webster & Payne, 2002) was used to test the warming effect and its interaction with measuring month and with soil depth as a covariate on soil ammonia, nitrate, total inorganic nitrogen, and root biomass. Two-way ANOVA analysis was used to test the effects of warming and measuring month on MB ...
understanding el niño in ocean–atmosphere general
... (Guilyardi 2006) and is a main contributor to the last thermocline–surface coupling. Nonlinearity can also three positive feedbacks of the BJ index. This is com- arise from the small-scale coupling between the ocean pensated for by too little thermal damping, mainly re- and the atmosphere, like trop ...
... (Guilyardi 2006) and is a main contributor to the last thermocline–surface coupling. Nonlinearity can also three positive feedbacks of the BJ index. This is com- arise from the small-scale coupling between the ocean pensated for by too little thermal damping, mainly re- and the atmosphere, like trop ...
California Climate Extremes Workshop Report Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA
... anywhere in the U.S., including the Gulf Coast states. For example, in the winter of 1862 storms pummeled the state for weeks, causing widespread flooding and monumental damage. A similar event could cause a half trillion dollars in losses if it occurred today. On the other hand, California’s histor ...
... anywhere in the U.S., including the Gulf Coast states. For example, in the winter of 1862 storms pummeled the state for weeks, causing widespread flooding and monumental damage. A similar event could cause a half trillion dollars in losses if it occurred today. On the other hand, California’s histor ...
Climate change projections of precipitation and
... ABSTRACT: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region can be considered as the most water-scarce region of the world. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects strong changes in climate across MENA, further exacerbating pressure on available water resources. The objective of this stu ...
... ABSTRACT: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region can be considered as the most water-scarce region of the world. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects strong changes in climate across MENA, further exacerbating pressure on available water resources. The objective of this stu ...
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector
... Climate change refers to changes beyond the average atmospheric condition that are caused both by natural factors such as the orbit of earth’s revolution, volcanic activities and crustal movements and by artificial factors such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosol. Cl ...
... Climate change refers to changes beyond the average atmospheric condition that are caused both by natural factors such as the orbit of earth’s revolution, volcanic activities and crustal movements and by artificial factors such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosol. Cl ...
UK Climate Projections science report: Marine and coastal projections
... Chapter 3 deals with projections of sea level rise, both absolute and relative to land. The absolute sea level rise is that averaged around the British Isles, and originates from projections made by an ensemble of international climate models from different modelling centres (known as a multi-model ...
... Chapter 3 deals with projections of sea level rise, both absolute and relative to land. The absolute sea level rise is that averaged around the British Isles, and originates from projections made by an ensemble of international climate models from different modelling centres (known as a multi-model ...
Valuing the Ocean: Extended Executive Summary
... by absorbing 25–30 percent of all anthropogenic carbon emissions and much of the heat added to the global system in the past 200 years. It regulates our weather and provides food for billions of people. The ocean is priceless. The ocean has always been thought of as the epitome of unconquerable, ine ...
... by absorbing 25–30 percent of all anthropogenic carbon emissions and much of the heat added to the global system in the past 200 years. It regulates our weather and provides food for billions of people. The ocean is priceless. The ocean has always been thought of as the epitome of unconquerable, ine ...
Radiative Forcing and Climate Feedbacks
... How do we know that CO2 is the main driver of the 20th century warming trend? And will it continue to be the single most important forcing factor in the next 2100 years? What about other greenhouse gases? How do they compare to the CO2 forcing? Is there or compensation of the greenhouse gas forcing ...
... How do we know that CO2 is the main driver of the 20th century warming trend? And will it continue to be the single most important forcing factor in the next 2100 years? What about other greenhouse gases? How do they compare to the CO2 forcing? Is there or compensation of the greenhouse gas forcing ...
Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 associated with
... evident in the 1980s and 1990s, when temperature increases were most pronounced (Fig. 3), with the largest impacts at higher latitudes (Fig. 5). Overall, the impact of changes in climate on global net carbon uptake is uncertain, due to the small magnitude of the effect compared with differences betw ...
... evident in the 1980s and 1990s, when temperature increases were most pronounced (Fig. 3), with the largest impacts at higher latitudes (Fig. 5). Overall, the impact of changes in climate on global net carbon uptake is uncertain, due to the small magnitude of the effect compared with differences betw ...
Effect of ocean gateway changes under
... 2005) or idealized (Toggweiler and Bjornsson 2000) model topography, shutting off the DP gap. Closure of the DP gap enables meridional oceanic flow with a western land boundary, allowing the development of a zonal pressure gradient and a geostrophic meridional current across the DP latitudes. This l ...
... 2005) or idealized (Toggweiler and Bjornsson 2000) model topography, shutting off the DP gap. Closure of the DP gap enables meridional oceanic flow with a western land boundary, allowing the development of a zonal pressure gradient and a geostrophic meridional current across the DP latitudes. This l ...
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
Sea Level Rise - Sarasota Bay Estuary Program
... information to local community leaders, planners, resource managers and concerned individuals about basic considerations and tools to help adapt to climate-related sea level rise. The focus is on adaptation for the impacts of sea level rise so that critical human systems (such as communities, econom ...
... information to local community leaders, planners, resource managers and concerned individuals about basic considerations and tools to help adapt to climate-related sea level rise. The focus is on adaptation for the impacts of sea level rise so that critical human systems (such as communities, econom ...
The geopolitics of climate change
... war period, both in terms of controlling airspace, and orbital space, but also in terms of the geophysics of the atmosphere. In Neil Smith’s (2008) terms, making space is also about making nature. Controlling this volume in a number of ways, and understanding its materiality, were important parts of ...
... war period, both in terms of controlling airspace, and orbital space, but also in terms of the geophysics of the atmosphere. In Neil Smith’s (2008) terms, making space is also about making nature. Controlling this volume in a number of ways, and understanding its materiality, were important parts of ...
An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of global terrestrial carbon
... atmospheric CO2. The mean land surface warming is 2.44 ± 0.04 K and ocean mean warming is 1.88 ± 0.02 K. Average global surface air temperature increases by 0.22 ± 0.02 K in response to CO2-physiological and CO2fertilization effects: physiological effect leads to closure of the stomata, reduced cano ...
... atmospheric CO2. The mean land surface warming is 2.44 ± 0.04 K and ocean mean warming is 1.88 ± 0.02 K. Average global surface air temperature increases by 0.22 ± 0.02 K in response to CO2-physiological and CO2fertilization effects: physiological effect leads to closure of the stomata, reduced cano ...
Pielke Jr. – House Government Reform Testimony 20 July 2006
... Hurrell of the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research, made a very important observation about the timescale of the benefits of mitigation policies for altering climate behavior: “it should be recognized that mitigation actions taken now mainly have benefits 50 years and beyond now.”7 And Sci ...
... Hurrell of the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research, made a very important observation about the timescale of the benefits of mitigation policies for altering climate behavior: “it should be recognized that mitigation actions taken now mainly have benefits 50 years and beyond now.”7 And Sci ...
The clash of theories - Analytical methods for water resource
... Given a long record of river flow, the minimum capacity required to sustain the specified demand from a dam without interruption can be determined using simple arithmetic analyses. A little thought will show that this depends on the most severe drought sequence (the Joseph Effect) in the period of r ...
... Given a long record of river flow, the minimum capacity required to sustain the specified demand from a dam without interruption can be determined using simple arithmetic analyses. A little thought will show that this depends on the most severe drought sequence (the Joseph Effect) in the period of r ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... The global environment is divided in six climate zones; the polar zones, the temperate zones, the mediterranean zone, the tropical zones, the arid zones and the mountain zones. The temperature increase will have different impact depending on climate in the regions. All regions will experience an in ...
... The global environment is divided in six climate zones; the polar zones, the temperate zones, the mediterranean zone, the tropical zones, the arid zones and the mountain zones. The temperature increase will have different impact depending on climate in the regions. All regions will experience an in ...
Consensus‟ Exposed: The CRU Controversy - Inhofe
... days? - ours does ! The UK works on precedents, so the first request will test it. We also have a data protection act, which I will hide behind.‖ -- Phil Jones, former director of the University of East Anglia‟s Climatic Research Unit, February 2, 2005 ―It's no use pretending that this isn't a major ...
... days? - ours does ! The UK works on precedents, so the first request will test it. We also have a data protection act, which I will hide behind.‖ -- Phil Jones, former director of the University of East Anglia‟s Climatic Research Unit, February 2, 2005 ―It's no use pretending that this isn't a major ...
onp_draft_112011 - University of Washington
... return frequency (7Q10) were estimated from the fitted probability distribution for each time period. The Q100 and 7Q10 analyses were also executed at the spatial scale of the 12-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUCs), or the 6th level watershed classifications, as delineated by the US Geological Survey ...
... return frequency (7Q10) were estimated from the fitted probability distribution for each time period. The Q100 and 7Q10 analyses were also executed at the spatial scale of the 12-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUCs), or the 6th level watershed classifications, as delineated by the US Geological Survey ...
Climate Change in the La Plata Basin
... Location of the La Plata basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importance of the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecosystems in the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Location of the La Plata basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importance of the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecosystems in the basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
climate change in lesotho - Lesotho Meteorological Services
... atmosphere, hence an increase in the greenhouse effect. Increase in the earth’s albedo – The reduction of vegetation cover also increase the earth’s surface albedo or the capacity of the earth’s surface to reflect radiation back to space. This increases the amount of terrestrial long-wave radiation ...
... atmosphere, hence an increase in the greenhouse effect. Increase in the earth’s albedo – The reduction of vegetation cover also increase the earth’s surface albedo or the capacity of the earth’s surface to reflect radiation back to space. This increases the amount of terrestrial long-wave radiation ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.