LCCARL265_en.pdf
... In 1886, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius predicted that CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activities would accumulate in the atmosphere, causing a warming of the earth´s surface by the greenhouse effect (Arrhenius, 1886). Since then, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (together with methane and ...
... In 1886, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius predicted that CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activities would accumulate in the atmosphere, causing a warming of the earth´s surface by the greenhouse effect (Arrhenius, 1886). Since then, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (together with methane and ...
Climateâ•`induced changes in the distribution of freshwater fish
... span for observed effects was converted to an overall temperature increase according to the estimated rates of global mean temperature increase over the study period (IPCC, 2007). For predicted effects, warming was estimated according to the general circulation models (GCM) and greenhouse gas emissi ...
... span for observed effects was converted to an overall temperature increase according to the estimated rates of global mean temperature increase over the study period (IPCC, 2007). For predicted effects, warming was estimated according to the general circulation models (GCM) and greenhouse gas emissi ...
Heat freezes niche evolution
... the realized niches emerging from interactions between traits and the environment are not expected to be conserved. For example, non-physiological mechanisms of adaptation, such as thermoregulatory behaviour used by ectotherms to regulate physiological performance (and allow survival beyond species ...
... the realized niches emerging from interactions between traits and the environment are not expected to be conserved. For example, non-physiological mechanisms of adaptation, such as thermoregulatory behaviour used by ectotherms to regulate physiological performance (and allow survival beyond species ...
Countries and regions
... resources are managed sustainably, and biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that enhance our society's resilience. Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable society.’ ...
... resources are managed sustainably, and biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that enhance our society's resilience. Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable society.’ ...
Activity report_year N-Template - MONARCH-A
... Task 1.2 The decadal dynamics of high latitude lakes and their consequences for GHGs and climate To provide long time-series of measurements of water levels over large Arctic rivers and lakes data sets have been assembled from the different satellite radar altimeters (Topex/Poseidon, ERS, ENVISAT, J ...
... Task 1.2 The decadal dynamics of high latitude lakes and their consequences for GHGs and climate To provide long time-series of measurements of water levels over large Arctic rivers and lakes data sets have been assembled from the different satellite radar altimeters (Topex/Poseidon, ERS, ENVISAT, J ...
Countries and regions
... resources are managed sustainably, and biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that enhance our society's resilience. Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable society.’ ...
... resources are managed sustainably, and biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that enhance our society's resilience. Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable society.’ ...
Estuarine Fish Communities - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
... influenced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. Relative to oceanic fish populations, those in estuaries are affected by more intense anthropogenic stressors that may alter their composition. For example, accessibility to fisheries, exposure to pollution, habitat loss, and introduced sp ...
... influenced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. Relative to oceanic fish populations, those in estuaries are affected by more intense anthropogenic stressors that may alter their composition. For example, accessibility to fisheries, exposure to pollution, habitat loss, and introduced sp ...
Changes in Global Ocean Bottom Properties and Volume Transports
... Montégut et al. 2004). The observed MLD in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean was obtained from the climatology of de Boyer Montégut et al. (2004), using the same density threshold criterion. The sea ice is also shown, as it can have a large impact on the MLD at high latitudes through brine rejec ...
... Montégut et al. 2004). The observed MLD in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean was obtained from the climatology of de Boyer Montégut et al. (2004), using the same density threshold criterion. The sea ice is also shown, as it can have a large impact on the MLD at high latitudes through brine rejec ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION
... Bureau of Economic Research. Elizabeth Kopits and Ann Wolverton are economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Michael Greenstone is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They all worked at the Council of Economic Advisers in 2009 and/or 2010 and actively participate ...
... Bureau of Economic Research. Elizabeth Kopits and Ann Wolverton are economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Michael Greenstone is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They all worked at the Council of Economic Advisers in 2009 and/or 2010 and actively participate ...
More than Meets the Eye: The Social Cost of Carbon in U.S. Climate
... values reflecting other perspectives might include ethics, science, or political feasibility). Thus, they ask: what is the optimal price to change behavior—the rate that would cost the economy no more in reduced productivity than the climate damage it would prevent. Estimates of the Optimal Carbon P ...
... values reflecting other perspectives might include ethics, science, or political feasibility). Thus, they ask: what is the optimal price to change behavior—the rate that would cost the economy no more in reduced productivity than the climate damage it would prevent. Estimates of the Optimal Carbon P ...
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
... cycle feedback. The volcanic-like forcings are applied together with a business-as-usual IPCC-A2 carbon emissions scenario. We show that very large volcanic eruptions similar to Tambora lead to short-term substantial global cooling. However, over a long period, smaller eruptions similar to Pinatubo ...
... cycle feedback. The volcanic-like forcings are applied together with a business-as-usual IPCC-A2 carbon emissions scenario. We show that very large volcanic eruptions similar to Tambora lead to short-term substantial global cooling. However, over a long period, smaller eruptions similar to Pinatubo ...
S 2016
... A growing international scientific consensus has emerged that there is now only a 50 percent chance that the official United Nations maximum target of limiting the rise in average temperature to 2 degrees Celsius by the year 2050 would effectively avert irreversible climate change. The latest report ...
... A growing international scientific consensus has emerged that there is now only a 50 percent chance that the official United Nations maximum target of limiting the rise in average temperature to 2 degrees Celsius by the year 2050 would effectively avert irreversible climate change. The latest report ...
Conclusions and recommendations for action
... infrastructure; industry; and human settlements. The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC strengthens the international response to climate change (Box 2). The evidence relating to the existence of human-induced global climate change has become compelling: the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report concluded that h ...
... infrastructure; industry; and human settlements. The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC strengthens the international response to climate change (Box 2). The evidence relating to the existence of human-induced global climate change has become compelling: the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report concluded that h ...
CO # 41: Ensure the survival and recovery of South coast herring
... of 2-4oC in Southern Newfoundland waters by 2100, based on IPCC 2001 models (UNEP and UNFCCC, 2002). An increase of 0.4oC is likely the most we can expect over the next ten years based on this model. This is an average change and will be characterized by temperature fluctuations over a wider range, ...
... of 2-4oC in Southern Newfoundland waters by 2100, based on IPCC 2001 models (UNEP and UNFCCC, 2002). An increase of 0.4oC is likely the most we can expect over the next ten years based on this model. This is an average change and will be characterized by temperature fluctuations over a wider range, ...
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In
... Figure 8. Methods that have been used in this study .................................................................... 27 Figure 9. Main components of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in AquaCrop .......................... 40 Figure 10. Plot of P-values for X2 and t tests for rainfall and temperatu ...
... Figure 8. Methods that have been used in this study .................................................................... 27 Figure 9. Main components of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in AquaCrop .......................... 40 Figure 10. Plot of P-values for X2 and t tests for rainfall and temperatu ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate – Chapter 1
... For example, scenarios presented in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013b) include a range of plausible futures where mean global surface temperature is likely to increase by 0.3–4.8°C for the period 2081–2100 (relative to the 1985–2005 mean), with asso ...
... For example, scenarios presented in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013b) include a range of plausible futures where mean global surface temperature is likely to increase by 0.3–4.8°C for the period 2081–2100 (relative to the 1985–2005 mean), with asso ...
Annual Report
... In 2013, the first of the three working group reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment report will be rolled out. When the fourth report was published, back in 2007, the media interest for climate was huge; an interest that remained high for more than a year. CI ...
... In 2013, the first of the three working group reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment report will be rolled out. When the fourth report was published, back in 2007, the media interest for climate was huge; an interest that remained high for more than a year. CI ...
Demographics of true and false climate facts
... show response patterns consistent with biased assimilation (and biased guessing) contributing to the correlation observed between climate beliefs and knowledge. The survey knowledge questions involve key, uncontroversial observations such as whether the area of late-summer Arctic sea ice has decline ...
... show response patterns consistent with biased assimilation (and biased guessing) contributing to the correlation observed between climate beliefs and knowledge. The survey knowledge questions involve key, uncontroversial observations such as whether the area of late-summer Arctic sea ice has decline ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and
... demand is always met in the current version of the model. Parameterization of the biogeochemical processes is based on the life form composition, which is updated annually by the biogeography module. The model also simulates the occurrence, behavior, and effects of severe wild fires (Lenihan and oth ...
... demand is always met in the current version of the model. Parameterization of the biogeochemical processes is based on the life form composition, which is updated annually by the biogeography module. The model also simulates the occurrence, behavior, and effects of severe wild fires (Lenihan and oth ...
Climate Change Effects and Water Vulnerability in the
... Downscaled climate data can be used to assess climate change impacts at the regional scale by comparing the statistics and trends of variables, like precipitation and temperature, over historical and future periods. By considering multiple GCM outputs, a degree of uncertainty for future climate pro ...
... Downscaled climate data can be used to assess climate change impacts at the regional scale by comparing the statistics and trends of variables, like precipitation and temperature, over historical and future periods. By considering multiple GCM outputs, a degree of uncertainty for future climate pro ...
Weather, Traffic Accidents, and Climate Change
... traffic fatalities annually (WHO, 2013). In 2006, traffic fatalities were the leading cause of death in the United States for individuals between the ages of 4 and 35 (NHTSA, 2009). Interactions with weather are directly implicated in many of these accidents through a variety of mechanisms. Some mec ...
... traffic fatalities annually (WHO, 2013). In 2006, traffic fatalities were the leading cause of death in the United States for individuals between the ages of 4 and 35 (NHTSA, 2009). Interactions with weather are directly implicated in many of these accidents through a variety of mechanisms. Some mec ...
UNFCCC Workshop on the preparation of national communications
... Paragraph 25: Each non-Annex I Party shall, in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 1 (b), communicate to the COP a general description of steps taken or envisaged by the Party to implement the Convention, taking into account its common but differentiated responsibilities and its specific national ...
... Paragraph 25: Each non-Annex I Party shall, in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 1 (b), communicate to the COP a general description of steps taken or envisaged by the Party to implement the Convention, taking into account its common but differentiated responsibilities and its specific national ...
Which early works are cited most frequently in climate change
... By analyzing the co-citations of Arrhenius’ paper as a marker reference, we investigate the discovery of the greenhouse effect and the specific role of carbon dioxide. This research topic marks the historical roots and origins of the current climate change research. By zooming from climate change re ...
... By analyzing the co-citations of Arrhenius’ paper as a marker reference, we investigate the discovery of the greenhouse effect and the specific role of carbon dioxide. This research topic marks the historical roots and origins of the current climate change research. By zooming from climate change re ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
... because parameters often stem from an attempt to simplify theory when it is available. Therefore, data are used to estimate these parameters (a process called calibration). For example, the net effect of cloud cover is estimated from observations rather than determined by a bottomup theoretical calc ...
... because parameters often stem from an attempt to simplify theory when it is available. Therefore, data are used to estimate these parameters (a process called calibration). For example, the net effect of cloud cover is estimated from observations rather than determined by a bottomup theoretical calc ...
Kapiti DC issues - Coastal Ratepayers United
... Coromandel beaches. Wood (2010) has partially done such an analysis, although it was primarily based on beach volume and not shoreline erosion. The key findings of this study were presented by Wood et al (2009), and indicate that beach volume is influenced primarily by storm events. Dahm and Gibberd ...
... Coromandel beaches. Wood (2010) has partially done such an analysis, although it was primarily based on beach volume and not shoreline erosion. The key findings of this study were presented by Wood et al (2009), and indicate that beach volume is influenced primarily by storm events. Dahm and Gibberd ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.