7. Nature, “Soot a major contributor to climate change” (15 Jan 2013)
... 2°C threshold by the middle of this century even with strong CO2 mitigation. Reducing SLCPs is the most effective strategy for constraining warming in the short-term, since most of their warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recogn ...
... 2°C threshold by the middle of this century even with strong CO2 mitigation. Reducing SLCPs is the most effective strategy for constraining warming in the short-term, since most of their warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recogn ...
Rapid evolution of thermal tolerance in the water flea Daphnia
... as in the case of egg hatching date in the winter moth Operophtera brumata26 . However, the present study is the first to demonstrate both the capacity for rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and actual genetic change over recent decades associated with climate change in natural populations. Specif ...
... as in the case of egg hatching date in the winter moth Operophtera brumata26 . However, the present study is the first to demonstrate both the capacity for rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and actual genetic change over recent decades associated with climate change in natural populations. Specif ...
- Bipartisan Policy Center
... cost the state in maintaining its existing infrastructure. There are plans to update and extend this research as more information becomes available. ...
... cost the state in maintaining its existing infrastructure. There are plans to update and extend this research as more information becomes available. ...
Naoko Ishii`s PowerPoint Presentation
... Greenland surface melt measurements from three satellites Source: NASA, 2012 ...
... Greenland surface melt measurements from three satellites Source: NASA, 2012 ...
3_session_Ayensu
... • Initiative of the ClimateWorks Foundation, a global, non-profit philanthropic foundation headquartered in San Francisco, California with a network of affiliated foundations in China, India, the U.S., and the European Union • Launched in May 2008 to provide analytical and policy support for the Uni ...
... • Initiative of the ClimateWorks Foundation, a global, non-profit philanthropic foundation headquartered in San Francisco, California with a network of affiliated foundations in China, India, the U.S., and the European Union • Launched in May 2008 to provide analytical and policy support for the Uni ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
Can the International Treaty System Address Climate Change?
... China had previously offered to reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by forty-five percent in its twelfth five-year plan.10 In fact, China’s carbon intensity has been falling, even though its total emissions continue to grow. At COP 18 in Doha in 2012, it was agreed to begin negotiating a new ...
... China had previously offered to reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by forty-five percent in its twelfth five-year plan.10 In fact, China’s carbon intensity has been falling, even though its total emissions continue to grow. At COP 18 in Doha in 2012, it was agreed to begin negotiating a new ...
Sources of Uncertainty
... economic analyses, which rely predominantly on curve fitting. Climate models cover multiple dimensions, from temperature at different heights in the atmosphere, to wind speeds and snow cover. Also, climate models are tested for their ability to reproduce past climate variations across several dimens ...
... economic analyses, which rely predominantly on curve fitting. Climate models cover multiple dimensions, from temperature at different heights in the atmosphere, to wind speeds and snow cover. Also, climate models are tested for their ability to reproduce past climate variations across several dimens ...
Final review - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
you need to know - A
... emitted by the earth is a good thing – it keeps the earth warm. But if the concentrations of these gases increase, then the earth gets too warm. This effect is called “global warming”. ...
... emitted by the earth is a good thing – it keeps the earth warm. But if the concentrations of these gases increase, then the earth gets too warm. This effect is called “global warming”. ...
Global warming in a nonlinear climate
... As discussed below, this model doesn’t describe weather at all; however, like the weather it is a nonlinear dynamical system. Because of nonlinearity1, the growth of uncertainty depends on the initial state. This dependence is illustrated in Figure 1; initial uncertainty is represented by a small ci ...
... As discussed below, this model doesn’t describe weather at all; however, like the weather it is a nonlinear dynamical system. Because of nonlinearity1, the growth of uncertainty depends on the initial state. This dependence is illustrated in Figure 1; initial uncertainty is represented by a small ci ...
Reducing abrupt climate change risk using the Montreal Protocol
... Alliance of Small Island States calls for the more aggressive goals of stabilizing temperatures below a 1.5 °C increase and maximum of 350 ppm CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.) (7). Tipping Points for Abrupt Climate Change. Paleoclimate records include steady linear changes as well as abrupt nonlinear change ...
... Alliance of Small Island States calls for the more aggressive goals of stabilizing temperatures below a 1.5 °C increase and maximum of 350 ppm CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.) (7). Tipping Points for Abrupt Climate Change. Paleoclimate records include steady linear changes as well as abrupt nonlinear change ...
Change in crop suitability indicator
... Impacts in the AVOID programme Overview of assessment methodology Early results: global and regional scales Conclusions and implications ...
... Impacts in the AVOID programme Overview of assessment methodology Early results: global and regional scales Conclusions and implications ...
Attribution - hvonstorch.de
... • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and directly related variables, such as ice conditions. • Later, c ...
... • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and directly related variables, such as ice conditions. • Later, c ...
Review National Climate Assessment First Draft 2013 Report
... Regions & Biogeographical Cross-Cuts Oceans and Marine Resources Coasts, Development, and Ecosystems ...
... Regions & Biogeographical Cross-Cuts Oceans and Marine Resources Coasts, Development, and Ecosystems ...
5.3 The Climate since the Earth`s formation
... progression of ice towards the Equator and eventually covering the whole Earth. This “snowball” hypothesis is still debated because it has been argued that such a configuration would be a stable equilibrium state of the climate system, and thus the Earth would have remained permanently frozen. Howev ...
... progression of ice towards the Equator and eventually covering the whole Earth. This “snowball” hypothesis is still debated because it has been argued that such a configuration would be a stable equilibrium state of the climate system, and thus the Earth would have remained permanently frozen. Howev ...
Climate Warming and Calling Phenology of Frogs near Ithaca, New
... from the New York Climate Office and Northeast Regional Climate Program. Magnitude and significance of trends in temperature data over the century were assessed with least-squares regression (Zar 1984). Data on frog-calling phenology for 1900–1912 were assembled from a detailed study by Wright (1914 ...
... from the New York Climate Office and Northeast Regional Climate Program. Magnitude and significance of trends in temperature data over the century were assessed with least-squares regression (Zar 1984). Data on frog-calling phenology for 1900–1912 were assembled from a detailed study by Wright (1914 ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.