Can Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Counteract Global Warming?
... and other effects are considered. Second, some biases offset each other even though they do not cancel: counting only BC overestimates the magnitude of positive TOA forcing by all emitted particles, while TOA forcing underestimates total climate impacts by neglecting changes in cloud properties and ...
... and other effects are considered. Second, some biases offset each other even though they do not cancel: counting only BC overestimates the magnitude of positive TOA forcing by all emitted particles, while TOA forcing underestimates total climate impacts by neglecting changes in cloud properties and ...
Past and Future Trends in Frequency of Heavy Rainfall Events over
... Considering the geographical location of Pakistan, these decreasing trends in precipitation are consistent with the IPCC AR4 and AR5, concluding a likely decrease in most subtropical land regions, continuing observed patterns in recent trends in observations. Before we proceed to our next results, s ...
... Considering the geographical location of Pakistan, these decreasing trends in precipitation are consistent with the IPCC AR4 and AR5, concluding a likely decrease in most subtropical land regions, continuing observed patterns in recent trends in observations. Before we proceed to our next results, s ...
here - Trialog
... These events are disturbing the everyday life of people and influencing, for example, food production and water availability all around the globe. There is a scientific consensus, that climate change is a manmade problem – the burning of fossil fuels is the main reason for rising concentrations of c ...
... These events are disturbing the everyday life of people and influencing, for example, food production and water availability all around the globe. There is a scientific consensus, that climate change is a manmade problem – the burning of fossil fuels is the main reason for rising concentrations of c ...
Climate Analysis and Scenario Development for the
... Evaluation of gridded climate datasets and estimation of climate trends Temperature and precipitation spread among reanalyses was found to be largest in the cold season with contrasting difference patterns between warm and cold seasons. Reanalyses tended to have warm/wet biases in all seasons with t ...
... Evaluation of gridded climate datasets and estimation of climate trends Temperature and precipitation spread among reanalyses was found to be largest in the cold season with contrasting difference patterns between warm and cold seasons. Reanalyses tended to have warm/wet biases in all seasons with t ...
An attitude of daily newspapers toward climate change in Korea
... articles and 110 articles in year 2009 according to our study. In contrast, it was 236 articles in year 2008 for the previous study. Hankyoreh Shinmun had 47 articles in year 2008 and 60 articles in year 2009 in our study, that number was 313 in the previous study [8]. The number of articles was qu ...
... articles and 110 articles in year 2009 according to our study. In contrast, it was 236 articles in year 2008 for the previous study. Hankyoreh Shinmun had 47 articles in year 2008 and 60 articles in year 2009 in our study, that number was 313 in the previous study [8]. The number of articles was qu ...
Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
... temperatures that mainly resulted from the emission of greenhouse gases. Warmer temperatures result in warmer water in the oceans. As the result of warmer oceans, hurricanes and tornados become more intense. Wuebbles stated, “Warmer atmosphere result in more energy in the atmosphere. When hurricane ...
... temperatures that mainly resulted from the emission of greenhouse gases. Warmer temperatures result in warmer water in the oceans. As the result of warmer oceans, hurricanes and tornados become more intense. Wuebbles stated, “Warmer atmosphere result in more energy in the atmosphere. When hurricane ...
1k_Wielicki_ClimateChangeAccuracyRequirements
... perfect one (fractional error Fa in accuracy) is given by: Fa = (1 + f 2i)1/2 - 1 , where f 2i = 2i i / 2var var for linear trends where s is standard deviation, is autocorrelation time, var is natural variability, and i is one of the CLARREO error sources. • Degradation of the time to de ...
... perfect one (fractional error Fa in accuracy) is given by: Fa = (1 + f 2i)1/2 - 1 , where f 2i = 2i i / 2var var for linear trends where s is standard deviation, is autocorrelation time, var is natural variability, and i is one of the CLARREO error sources. • Degradation of the time to de ...
The Effects of Climate Change on Aquaculture
... Satellite observations of ocean chlorophyll indicate that global ocean annual primary production has declined by more than 6% since the early 1980s. Gregg study based on over 100 000 plankton samples collected between 1958 and 2002 with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) (Richardson, and Schoema ...
... Satellite observations of ocean chlorophyll indicate that global ocean annual primary production has declined by more than 6% since the early 1980s. Gregg study based on over 100 000 plankton samples collected between 1958 and 2002 with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) (Richardson, and Schoema ...
PDF
... But something is. And Al Gore’s striking concept of “an inconvenient truth” is the ideal name by which to seek it. And this is true even though the real “inconvenient truth” goes far beyond the message of Gore’s film. Sure, it begins with Gore’s warning that time is short, but it’s also about how to ...
... But something is. And Al Gore’s striking concept of “an inconvenient truth” is the ideal name by which to seek it. And this is true even though the real “inconvenient truth” goes far beyond the message of Gore’s film. Sure, it begins with Gore’s warning that time is short, but it’s also about how to ...
Understanding the Science of Climate Change Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/NRR—2010/210
... Climate change presents significant risks to our nation’s natural • Temperature and Greenhouse Gases and cultural resources. Although climate change was once be- • Water, Snow, and Ice lieved to be a future problem, there is now unequivocal scien• Vegetation and Wildlife tific evidence that our ...
... Climate change presents significant risks to our nation’s natural • Temperature and Greenhouse Gases and cultural resources. Although climate change was once be- • Water, Snow, and Ice lieved to be a future problem, there is now unequivocal scien• Vegetation and Wildlife tific evidence that our ...
A decade of dirty tricks
... Exxon’s campaign of misinformation concerning the consensus on global warming and its manipulation and distortion of climate science can be traced back to May 1990, when it attempted to water down the conclusions of the first assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The IP ...
... Exxon’s campaign of misinformation concerning the consensus on global warming and its manipulation and distortion of climate science can be traced back to May 1990, when it attempted to water down the conclusions of the first assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The IP ...
Tsetse, trypanosomiasis and climate change
... population dynamics of the genus are more strongly affected by temperature than by other meteorological variables. Mean temperatures are important since they affect the general metabolic rate and thus influence such factors as the rate at which tsetse need to feed, the frequency with which they depo ...
... population dynamics of the genus are more strongly affected by temperature than by other meteorological variables. Mean temperatures are important since they affect the general metabolic rate and thus influence such factors as the rate at which tsetse need to feed, the frequency with which they depo ...
the global warming- extreme weather link
... and in particular due to human emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The present debate on global warming science may have begun with a landmark paper by Revelle and Suess (1956), which postulated that: …humans are carrying out a large-scale geophysical experiment through world-wide industr ...
... and in particular due to human emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The present debate on global warming science may have begun with a landmark paper by Revelle and Suess (1956), which postulated that: …humans are carrying out a large-scale geophysical experiment through world-wide industr ...
Document
... 1. What is the role of climate and Earth system research and observations towards understanding, predicting and providing the necessary information for climate adaptation, mitigation and risk management? NOAA’s climate mission is to understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s abi ...
... 1. What is the role of climate and Earth system research and observations towards understanding, predicting and providing the necessary information for climate adaptation, mitigation and risk management? NOAA’s climate mission is to understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s abi ...
WGCM Chemistry - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Physics
... P. Braconnot, V. Eyring (SPARC, AC&C), D. Karoly, A. Hirst, M. A. Giorgetta, M. Kimoto, B. Wang, F. Giorgi N. Nakicenovic, C. Senior Goals of this years WGCM meeting: ...
... P. Braconnot, V. Eyring (SPARC, AC&C), D. Karoly, A. Hirst, M. A. Giorgetta, M. Kimoto, B. Wang, F. Giorgi N. Nakicenovic, C. Senior Goals of this years WGCM meeting: ...
Ecology3e Ch25 Lecture KEY
... of sulfur and nitrogen cause acid deposition, alter soil chemistry, and affect the health of ecosystems. CONCEPT 25.4 Losses of ozone in the stratosphere and increases in ozone in the troposphere each pose risks to organisms. ...
... of sulfur and nitrogen cause acid deposition, alter soil chemistry, and affect the health of ecosystems. CONCEPT 25.4 Losses of ozone in the stratosphere and increases in ozone in the troposphere each pose risks to organisms. ...
A Call for Climate Leadership
... An immense and ever-growing body of scientific evidence concludes that over-reliance on fossil fuels is destabilizing the climate and causing the planet to warm at dangerous rates.1 This threatens our ability to continue the human progress that has occurred over the last 10,000 years - a time of rel ...
... An immense and ever-growing body of scientific evidence concludes that over-reliance on fossil fuels is destabilizing the climate and causing the planet to warm at dangerous rates.1 This threatens our ability to continue the human progress that has occurred over the last 10,000 years - a time of rel ...
Global Warming and Social Justice
... context of climate change. How many Americans benefit from past greenhouse gas emissions and how much do they benefit? Many Americans today are, of course, immigrants or children of immigrants, and so not the descendants of greenhouse gas–emitting Americans of the past. Such people may nonetheless b ...
... context of climate change. How many Americans benefit from past greenhouse gas emissions and how much do they benefit? Many Americans today are, of course, immigrants or children of immigrants, and so not the descendants of greenhouse gas–emitting Americans of the past. Such people may nonetheless b ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.