The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... the very stimulus, defining it with illusory lines. Perceived boundaries without physical differences between shape and background are called illusory (or subjective) contours. Illusory and real contours activate early stages of the macaque visual pathway in similar ways. However, data relating to t ...
... the very stimulus, defining it with illusory lines. Perceived boundaries without physical differences between shape and background are called illusory (or subjective) contours. Illusory and real contours activate early stages of the macaque visual pathway in similar ways. However, data relating to t ...
A Brain Adaptation View of Plasticity: Is Synaptic Plasticity An Overly
... wild animals have for years confirmed that feral animal brains are larger than those of domestically reared animals (old german and other literature). Nevertheless, studying different degrees of environmental complexity can provide information about brain responses that are likely to generalize to h ...
... wild animals have for years confirmed that feral animal brains are larger than those of domestically reared animals (old german and other literature). Nevertheless, studying different degrees of environmental complexity can provide information about brain responses that are likely to generalize to h ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
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... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... all responses are short-latency (<100 ms). The SCi projects to the brainstem and spinal cord premotor circuitry for controlling eyes, head, and limb or body movements [14,19,25]. The eye movement system is controlled by a gate in the brainstem reticular formation created by the omni-pause neurons (O ...
... all responses are short-latency (<100 ms). The SCi projects to the brainstem and spinal cord premotor circuitry for controlling eyes, head, and limb or body movements [14,19,25]. The eye movement system is controlled by a gate in the brainstem reticular formation created by the omni-pause neurons (O ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... Cognition is best understood by examining a model of a cognitive system. Such a model is presented in the following paper. Most discussions of the mind or brain focus on the "hardware", the neural structure and its biological / electrochemical functioning. But, it is the "software", how the neural c ...
... Cognition is best understood by examining a model of a cognitive system. Such a model is presented in the following paper. Most discussions of the mind or brain focus on the "hardware", the neural structure and its biological / electrochemical functioning. But, it is the "software", how the neural c ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... placed premotor above primary motor cortex (M1), with areas 3a and 3b (components of the primary somatosensory area, S1) at the lowest levels [5]. Our own survey aimed to establish the polarity of key reciprocal connections, but not to arrange areas into discrete tiers [6]. The absence of a distinct ...
... placed premotor above primary motor cortex (M1), with areas 3a and 3b (components of the primary somatosensory area, S1) at the lowest levels [5]. Our own survey aimed to establish the polarity of key reciprocal connections, but not to arrange areas into discrete tiers [6]. The absence of a distinct ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... transition from local to global processing by using information from beyond the classical RF. Surfaces enclosed by boundaries, rather than edge effects, have become the main focus of interest. A cellular basis for these mechanisms will have to be sought in cortical visual areas rather than in intera ...
... transition from local to global processing by using information from beyond the classical RF. Surfaces enclosed by boundaries, rather than edge effects, have become the main focus of interest. A cellular basis for these mechanisms will have to be sought in cortical visual areas rather than in intera ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... mammalian brain. In landmark experiments, Mountcastle (1957), Kuffler (1953), Hubel & Wiesel (1959, 1962), and others (see also Lettvin et al. 1959) were able to elucidate the basic physiological architecture of mammalian sensory processing. They found that individual cortical neurons in some brain ...
... mammalian brain. In landmark experiments, Mountcastle (1957), Kuffler (1953), Hubel & Wiesel (1959, 1962), and others (see also Lettvin et al. 1959) were able to elucidate the basic physiological architecture of mammalian sensory processing. They found that individual cortical neurons in some brain ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in Xenopus
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them increases linearly with the number of distractors. This is said to suggest ...
... mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them increases linearly with the number of distractors. This is said to suggest ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... prepared from brains of foetal mice, but binding of type E toxin was weak. None of the toxin types bound to the feeder layer, composed of non-neuronal cells. The heavy-chain component of the type C1toxin bound to neurons, but the light chain component did not. Type C, toxin also bound only to cell l ...
... prepared from brains of foetal mice, but binding of type E toxin was weak. None of the toxin types bound to the feeder layer, composed of non-neuronal cells. The heavy-chain component of the type C1toxin bound to neurons, but the light chain component did not. Type C, toxin also bound only to cell l ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... On the basis of currently available data one cannot argue that Assumptions (A) and (B) are wrong for all biological neural systems. There exists a large variety of di*erent biological neural systems, and some may very well satisfy Assumption (A) or (B). For example, recent recordings from the olfact ...
... On the basis of currently available data one cannot argue that Assumptions (A) and (B) are wrong for all biological neural systems. There exists a large variety of di*erent biological neural systems, and some may very well satisfy Assumption (A) or (B). For example, recent recordings from the olfact ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... In L4 of primary sensory cortex in several modalities and species, the selectivity of neuronal responses (the relative response strength across different stimuli) is primarily established by the pattern of feedforward connections the neurons receive (thalamic input and perhaps thalamicdriven inhibit ...
... In L4 of primary sensory cortex in several modalities and species, the selectivity of neuronal responses (the relative response strength across different stimuli) is primarily established by the pattern of feedforward connections the neurons receive (thalamic input and perhaps thalamicdriven inhibit ...
Representation, Computation, and Observer
... whilst possessing distinct representational content. Hence we come to have divergent intuitions about whether or not they are equivalent, because one intuition is based on our understanding of computation, and the other on our understanding of representational content. In demonstrating this, and cla ...
... whilst possessing distinct representational content. Hence we come to have divergent intuitions about whether or not they are equivalent, because one intuition is based on our understanding of computation, and the other on our understanding of representational content. In demonstrating this, and cla ...
