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... (Katz et al., 1989), and pyramidal neurons in layer 3 extend their dendrites independently of the patches defined by cytochrome oxidase (Hubener and Boltz, 1992; Malach, 1994). This means that some proportion of synapses will contact dendrites whose soma is internal or external to the column, but th ...
... (Katz et al., 1989), and pyramidal neurons in layer 3 extend their dendrites independently of the patches defined by cytochrome oxidase (Hubener and Boltz, 1992; Malach, 1994). This means that some proportion of synapses will contact dendrites whose soma is internal or external to the column, but th ...
Rules relating connections to cortical structure in primate prefrontal cortex H. Barbas
... Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposite is true for projections proceeding in the reverse direction. We recently tested the ...
... Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposite is true for projections proceeding in the reverse direction. We recently tested the ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... have been limited to one cell at a time, and ramping activity is usually reported as trial-averaged neural activity (but see Roitman and Shadlen, 2002). This leaves the question open as to whether a spike train in a single trial indeed displays a quasilinear ramp of firing rate. Alternatively, neuro ...
... have been limited to one cell at a time, and ramping activity is usually reported as trial-averaged neural activity (but see Roitman and Shadlen, 2002). This leaves the question open as to whether a spike train in a single trial indeed displays a quasilinear ramp of firing rate. Alternatively, neuro ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... were plotted on paper with an oscillograph. Part of the recordings were carried out using micropipettes containing 2Oh (wt/vol) Niagara Sky Blue in 0.5 M Na-acetate. At the end of the recording session the dye was ejected by applying a negative voltage (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The s ...
... were plotted on paper with an oscillograph. Part of the recordings were carried out using micropipettes containing 2Oh (wt/vol) Niagara Sky Blue in 0.5 M Na-acetate. At the end of the recording session the dye was ejected by applying a negative voltage (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The s ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... anaesthesia prevents the O.D. shift in kittens which receive monocular exposure (109). Probably this effect is due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by ketamine (156). Evidence concerning the role of GluIAsp transmission involving NMDA receptors comes also from the model experiments on the amphibian ...
... anaesthesia prevents the O.D. shift in kittens which receive monocular exposure (109). Probably this effect is due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by ketamine (156). Evidence concerning the role of GluIAsp transmission involving NMDA receptors comes also from the model experiments on the amphibian ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... find branching points and often trace individual branches to several distinct end-stations, demonstrating functionally significant links. However, the full functional implications of these branching patterns could not be understood until the nature of axonal conduction was known. Cajal recognized th ...
... find branching points and often trace individual branches to several distinct end-stations, demonstrating functionally significant links. However, the full functional implications of these branching patterns could not be understood until the nature of axonal conduction was known. Cajal recognized th ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... caveat is also relevant to human studies because participants are typically asked to report their perceptual experience using a specific action. Another limitation is that it is hard to definitively tag a specific neural representation as a ‘perceptual’ or ‘visuomotor’ representation because object rep ...
... caveat is also relevant to human studies because participants are typically asked to report their perceptual experience using a specific action. Another limitation is that it is hard to definitively tag a specific neural representation as a ‘perceptual’ or ‘visuomotor’ representation because object rep ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... same result is obtained by increasing the relative excitability of cells activated by attended objects or voluntary action (Treisman and Gelade 1980, Crick 1994). The possibility exists that both mechanisms cooperate; the attentional mechanism may activate populations of cells thereby allowing them ...
... same result is obtained by increasing the relative excitability of cells activated by attended objects or voluntary action (Treisman and Gelade 1980, Crick 1994). The possibility exists that both mechanisms cooperate; the attentional mechanism may activate populations of cells thereby allowing them ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., 1995). We have learned much about AP-1 induction in ...
... composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., 1995). We have learned much about AP-1 induction in ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... achieved measurements from about 30–80 neurons at 200– 500 Hz sampling rate (Grewe et al 2010). Most notably, the SNR of unfiltered data was sufficiently high (2–4) to deduce the time of occurrence of individual spikes with about 5–15 ms precision. Another recent report using similar techniques in b ...
... achieved measurements from about 30–80 neurons at 200– 500 Hz sampling rate (Grewe et al 2010). Most notably, the SNR of unfiltered data was sufficiently high (2–4) to deduce the time of occurrence of individual spikes with about 5–15 ms precision. Another recent report using similar techniques in b ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... only from an analysis of the choices a decisionmaker makes between that object and other options.1,2 In this regard, economic theories respect the fact that, for example, a given chooser might view 10 apples as less than 10 times as good as one apple if that is what the subject’s choices reveal. In ...
... only from an analysis of the choices a decisionmaker makes between that object and other options.1,2 In this regard, economic theories respect the fact that, for example, a given chooser might view 10 apples as less than 10 times as good as one apple if that is what the subject’s choices reveal. In ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional signifi ...
... behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional signifi ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relationship (blue neurons). These patterns describe connections between areas that differ considerably in overall laminar structure. (b) Intermediat ...
... originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relationship (blue neurons). These patterns describe connections between areas that differ considerably in overall laminar structure. (b) Intermediat ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... linked and to be entered into an object file (Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, 1992). However, other researchers have shown that attention is also object based (for a review, see Scholl, 2001). For instance, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using superimposed houses and faces as stim ...
... linked and to be entered into an object file (Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, 1992). However, other researchers have shown that attention is also object based (for a review, see Scholl, 2001). For instance, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using superimposed houses and faces as stim ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...