chapter one
... to resemble the neuron with multiple inputs and a single output. However, this similarity does not really begin to model the complex electrochemical processes that actually go on inside a neuron. The perceptron is a very simple mathematical representation of the neuron. ...
... to resemble the neuron with multiple inputs and a single output. However, this similarity does not really begin to model the complex electrochemical processes that actually go on inside a neuron. The perceptron is a very simple mathematical representation of the neuron. ...
Sensory Systems - Zanichelli online per la scuola
... Mechanoreceptor cells constantly provide information on position of limbs and stresses on muscles and joints. Essential for maintaining posture and coordinating movement. Muscle spindles are mechanoreceptors in muscle cells: stretch receptors. When muscle is stretched, action potentials are generate ...
... Mechanoreceptor cells constantly provide information on position of limbs and stresses on muscles and joints. Essential for maintaining posture and coordinating movement. Muscle spindles are mechanoreceptors in muscle cells: stretch receptors. When muscle is stretched, action potentials are generate ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... This article is about the relationship between fast dynamic interactions among neuronal populations and measures of neuronal activity that are integrated over time (e.g., functional neuroimaging). In particular, we address the question, “Can anything be inferred about fast coherent or phasic interac ...
... This article is about the relationship between fast dynamic interactions among neuronal populations and measures of neuronal activity that are integrated over time (e.g., functional neuroimaging). In particular, we address the question, “Can anything be inferred about fast coherent or phasic interac ...
Neuroembryology of Neural Tube Defects
... Causes of Neural Tube Defects Actual mechanisms are unknown. Multiple factors (environmental, nutritional, and genetic) play a role. Certain drugs are known to increase the risk of meningomyelocele (e.g, the anticonvulsant valproic acid) if given during the 4th week of pregnancy. ...
... Causes of Neural Tube Defects Actual mechanisms are unknown. Multiple factors (environmental, nutritional, and genetic) play a role. Certain drugs are known to increase the risk of meningomyelocele (e.g, the anticonvulsant valproic acid) if given during the 4th week of pregnancy. ...
Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses
... B.J. Baars, D.B. Edelman / Physics of Life Reviews 9 (2012) 285–294 ...
... B.J. Baars, D.B. Edelman / Physics of Life Reviews 9 (2012) 285–294 ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
Trial and Error – Optogenetic techniques offer insight into the
... arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation because it allows for consistent results over a wide range of rewards. Moreover, we found t ...
... arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation because it allows for consistent results over a wide range of rewards. Moreover, we found t ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... skull) using invasive approaches [1]–[6]. Previous studies have shown that decoding this information efficiently allows for the real-time control of a computer screen cursor or technical devices with several degrees of freedom in humans [7], [8] and non-human primates [9]–[12]. Some of the possible ...
... skull) using invasive approaches [1]–[6]. Previous studies have shown that decoding this information efficiently allows for the real-time control of a computer screen cursor or technical devices with several degrees of freedom in humans [7], [8] and non-human primates [9]–[12]. Some of the possible ...
trans - RUF International
... A more simple primary generator loop may actually be a better starting point for the development of complex consciousness. An analogy could be made to the transition from spoken language to written language. Spoken language consists of a lot of complex words but written language is made up from comb ...
... A more simple primary generator loop may actually be a better starting point for the development of complex consciousness. An analogy could be made to the transition from spoken language to written language. Spoken language consists of a lot of complex words but written language is made up from comb ...
trans - RUF International
... A more simple primary generator loop may actually be a better starting point for the development of complex consciousness. An analogy could be made to the transition from spoken language to written language. Spoken language consists of a lot of complex words but written language is made up from comb ...
... A more simple primary generator loop may actually be a better starting point for the development of complex consciousness. An analogy could be made to the transition from spoken language to written language. Spoken language consists of a lot of complex words but written language is made up from comb ...
Solving the Problem of Negative Synaptic Weights in Cortical Models
... In cortical neural networks, connections from a given neuron are either inhibitory or excitatory but not both. This constraint is often ignored by theoreticians who build models of these systems. There is currently no general solution to the problem of converting such unrealistic network models into ...
... In cortical neural networks, connections from a given neuron are either inhibitory or excitatory but not both. This constraint is often ignored by theoreticians who build models of these systems. There is currently no general solution to the problem of converting such unrealistic network models into ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: Evidence
... In the stop-signal paradigm, differences in response latency (due to the adaptive staircase procedure) incur bias when comparing failed with successfully inhibited stop-trials. Failed stop-trials tend to occur at longer delays after the go-signal than in successfully inhibited trials. Beta and gamma ...
... In the stop-signal paradigm, differences in response latency (due to the adaptive staircase procedure) incur bias when comparing failed with successfully inhibited stop-trials. Failed stop-trials tend to occur at longer delays after the go-signal than in successfully inhibited trials. Beta and gamma ...
Discussion and future directions
... selectivity is a genetically encoded feature of the motor cortex or is acquired by experience. The model proposed here provides only a number of computational ideas on what it takes to develop neural selectivity and population coding in a biologically plausible system, by unsupervised means. We beli ...
... selectivity is a genetically encoded feature of the motor cortex or is acquired by experience. The model proposed here provides only a number of computational ideas on what it takes to develop neural selectivity and population coding in a biologically plausible system, by unsupervised means. We beli ...
Saliency, switching, attention and control
... time and space for additional processing. The insula is unique in that it is situated at the interface of the cognitive, homeostatic, and affective systems of the human brain, providing a link between stimulus-driven processing and brain regions involved in monitoring the internal milieu (Craig 2009 ...
... time and space for additional processing. The insula is unique in that it is situated at the interface of the cognitive, homeostatic, and affective systems of the human brain, providing a link between stimulus-driven processing and brain regions involved in monitoring the internal milieu (Craig 2009 ...
cereb cort
... Figure 1: A network competing through pre-integration lateral inhibition. Nodes are shown as large circles, excitatory synapses as small open circles and inhibitory synapses as small filled circles. ...
... Figure 1: A network competing through pre-integration lateral inhibition. Nodes are shown as large circles, excitatory synapses as small open circles and inhibitory synapses as small filled circles. ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pathway. In spite of these data, however, the underlying mechanisms and the origin of the remarkable difference bet ...
... and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pathway. In spite of these data, however, the underlying mechanisms and the origin of the remarkable difference bet ...
binding, internalization, and retrograde transport of `251
... the actions of NGF in target cells. It may be that plasma using modified 35-mm culture dishes (Hawrot and Patmembrane-localized binding of NGF mediates a set of terson, 1979; Hawrot, 1980). The growth of non-neuronal rapid responses, such as the efflux of Na+ ions (Skaper cells was prevented by trea ...
... the actions of NGF in target cells. It may be that plasma using modified 35-mm culture dishes (Hawrot and Patmembrane-localized binding of NGF mediates a set of terson, 1979; Hawrot, 1980). The growth of non-neuronal rapid responses, such as the efflux of Na+ ions (Skaper cells was prevented by trea ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is tra ...
... brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is tra ...
Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates
... isms and that would culminate in a complex structure such as an eye or a brain? Alternatively, how could such a complex structure appear suddenly ...
... isms and that would culminate in a complex structure such as an eye or a brain? Alternatively, how could such a complex structure appear suddenly ...
Planning and problem solving: from neuropsychology to
... is performed within one’s own representation of the problem. The total of the perceived states and operators comprise the subjective problem space. For example, in finding a way out of a maze, it is usually not possible to simply “read” the right way from an objective problem state, e. g. a map. Move ...
... is performed within one’s own representation of the problem. The total of the perceived states and operators comprise the subjective problem space. For example, in finding a way out of a maze, it is usually not possible to simply “read” the right way from an objective problem state, e. g. a map. Move ...
Parameterized Algorithmics for Computational Social Choice: Nine
... • In the R-Bribery problem, each voter has the same price (unit cost) for being bribed. In effect, we ask if it is possible to ensure the preferred alternative’s victory by bribing at most B voters. • In the R-$Bribery problem, each voter v has an individual price πv for being bribed. Note that in b ...
... • In the R-Bribery problem, each voter has the same price (unit cost) for being bribed. In effect, we ask if it is possible to ensure the preferred alternative’s victory by bribing at most B voters. • In the R-$Bribery problem, each voter v has an individual price πv for being bribed. Note that in b ...
Neural Crest - bthsresearch
... • If N-cadherin is overexpressed in the surrounding surface ectoderm, neural tube closure is impeded – This is achieved by injecting N-cadherin mRNA into the embryo at the 2-cell stage ...
... • If N-cadherin is overexpressed in the surrounding surface ectoderm, neural tube closure is impeded – This is achieved by injecting N-cadherin mRNA into the embryo at the 2-cell stage ...