The characters which distinguish the classes
... Each develops a massive central trunk which may bear leafy branches, as in yuccas and pandanes, or may support the leaves directly, as in palms. An example of a monocot tree, Dracaena draco, may be seen above in a photo taken in the Canary Islands. A number of monocots have developed tree-like forms ...
... Each develops a massive central trunk which may bear leafy branches, as in yuccas and pandanes, or may support the leaves directly, as in palms. An example of a monocot tree, Dracaena draco, may be seen above in a photo taken in the Canary Islands. A number of monocots have developed tree-like forms ...
Biological clocks
... Flower Induction Short-day plants flower when the night is longer than a critical length. They require a consolidated period of darkness before floral development can begin. short-day plants typically flower in the Southern hemisphere during late summer or fall as days are getting shorter (shortest ...
... Flower Induction Short-day plants flower when the night is longer than a critical length. They require a consolidated period of darkness before floral development can begin. short-day plants typically flower in the Southern hemisphere during late summer or fall as days are getting shorter (shortest ...
Final Quick Key.qxd
... If no, are there generally four leaves or more per whorl, and are the leaves finely but conspicuously toothed? (Can you see the serrations ...
... If no, are there generally four leaves or more per whorl, and are the leaves finely but conspicuously toothed? (Can you see the serrations ...
Anatomy - Helping Material for Botany
... recognized by the arrangement of tissues and organs. A quick survey of plant organs and tissues will enhance our discussion of the various evolutionary strategies for constructing a tree form. Plants are made of four types of organs: roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. In turn, these ...
... recognized by the arrangement of tissues and organs. A quick survey of plant organs and tissues will enhance our discussion of the various evolutionary strategies for constructing a tree form. Plants are made of four types of organs: roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. In turn, these ...
Development 129, 1569-1581
... the maintenance of their expression in the developing floral organs. The continued expression of AP3 and PI following their activation has been shown to be due, at least in part, to autoregulation by an AP3-PI complex that binds directly to the AP3 promoter and acts indirectly on PI transcription (J ...
... the maintenance of their expression in the developing floral organs. The continued expression of AP3 and PI following their activation has been shown to be due, at least in part, to autoregulation by an AP3-PI complex that binds directly to the AP3 promoter and acts indirectly on PI transcription (J ...
Plant tissue culture
... Callus cultures, broadly speaking, fall into one of two categories: compact or friable. In compact callus the cells are densely aggregated, whereas in friable callus the cells are only loosely associated with each other and the callus becomes soft and breaks apart easily. Friable callus provides the ...
... Callus cultures, broadly speaking, fall into one of two categories: compact or friable. In compact callus the cells are densely aggregated, whereas in friable callus the cells are only loosely associated with each other and the callus becomes soft and breaks apart easily. Friable callus provides the ...
20.1 Origins of Plant Life
... • Pollen grains allow for reproduction without freestanding water. – pollen grains contain a cell that divides to form sperm – pollen can be carried by wind or animals to female ...
... • Pollen grains allow for reproduction without freestanding water. – pollen grains contain a cell that divides to form sperm – pollen can be carried by wind or animals to female ...
Hello
... The time interval from the formative phase to maturation phase is called grand period of growth. Growth curve ( Course of growth ) :- If growth rate is plotted against time a “ S” shaped curve is obtained which is called sigmoid curve or grand period curve. It consists of 3 parts. 1. Lag phase:- Dur ...
... The time interval from the formative phase to maturation phase is called grand period of growth. Growth curve ( Course of growth ) :- If growth rate is plotted against time a “ S” shaped curve is obtained which is called sigmoid curve or grand period curve. It consists of 3 parts. 1. Lag phase:- Dur ...
Comparing a Monocot to a Dicot Seed
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
Monocot and Dicot Identification 2017
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
Comparing Monocots and Dicots
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
edulabz - Testlabz.com
... 1. Mention the two main systems found in plants. Ans. Plants contain two main systems: (i) Root systems (ii) Shoot systems Root systems consist of roots while shoot systems consist of stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 2. Describe the root systems found in plants. Give examples. Ans. Root s ...
... 1. Mention the two main systems found in plants. Ans. Plants contain two main systems: (i) Root systems (ii) Shoot systems Root systems consist of roots while shoot systems consist of stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 2. Describe the root systems found in plants. Give examples. Ans. Root s ...
TRANSPARENT LEAF AREA1 Encodes a Secreted
... ZmTLA1 encodes an extremely hydrophobic peptide of 27 amino acid residues (21 amino acids are hydrophobic; Figure 1B) predicted to be secreted to the apoplast. Secondary protein structure predictions suggest an a-helix for the whole peptide. Neither cDNA nor peptide sequence showed any significant h ...
... ZmTLA1 encodes an extremely hydrophobic peptide of 27 amino acid residues (21 amino acids are hydrophobic; Figure 1B) predicted to be secreted to the apoplast. Secondary protein structure predictions suggest an a-helix for the whole peptide. Neither cDNA nor peptide sequence showed any significant h ...
Plant Growth Regulators - ISU Agronomy Extension
... after harvest, attest to the fact that PGRs t h a t break dormancy are not required to aid germination. Germination of field crops is sometimes decreased by cold soil temperatures (Cole a n d Wheeler, 1974). Cole and Wheeler's research showed that cotton seeds soaked for 6 to 24 hours in gibberellic ...
... after harvest, attest to the fact that PGRs t h a t break dormancy are not required to aid germination. Germination of field crops is sometimes decreased by cold soil temperatures (Cole a n d Wheeler, 1974). Cole and Wheeler's research showed that cotton seeds soaked for 6 to 24 hours in gibberellic ...
Review, Structure Part II, Quiz 2, 2006
... 8. Know about the pressure-flow hypothesis and the adhesion-cohesion theory. 9. Know what type of meristem gives rise to increased circumference in a woody stem. 10. Know what a node (on a stem) is. 11. Know about sapwood, heartwood and bark (cork) 12. Know the functions of the seed coat, the endosp ...
... 8. Know about the pressure-flow hypothesis and the adhesion-cohesion theory. 9. Know what type of meristem gives rise to increased circumference in a woody stem. 10. Know what a node (on a stem) is. 11. Know about sapwood, heartwood and bark (cork) 12. Know the functions of the seed coat, the endosp ...
Comparing Monocots and Dicots Name
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
... Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences: monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a d ...
Chapter 35
... • Most plants demonstrate indeterminate growth, growing as long as the plant lives. • In contrast, most animals and certain plant organs, such as flowers and leaves, undergo determinate growth, ceasing to grow after they reach a certain size. – Indeterminate growth does not mean immortality. ...
... • Most plants demonstrate indeterminate growth, growing as long as the plant lives. • In contrast, most animals and certain plant organs, such as flowers and leaves, undergo determinate growth, ceasing to grow after they reach a certain size. – Indeterminate growth does not mean immortality. ...
chapter 35 plant structure and growth
... • Most plants demonstrate indeterminate growth, growing as long as the plant lives. • In contrast, most animals and certain plant organs, such as flowers and leaves, undergo determinate growth, ceasing to grow after they reach a certain size. – Indeterminate growth does not mean immortality. ...
... • Most plants demonstrate indeterminate growth, growing as long as the plant lives. • In contrast, most animals and certain plant organs, such as flowers and leaves, undergo determinate growth, ceasing to grow after they reach a certain size. – Indeterminate growth does not mean immortality. ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • Movement to land - the journey, some pix #1) apical meristems -continually dividing and undifferentiated cells at the tips of roots and shoots - that can form various tissues - “reach out” to get resources #4) multicellular embryos develop from zygotes that are retained by the female plant for nu ...
... • Movement to land - the journey, some pix #1) apical meristems -continually dividing and undifferentiated cells at the tips of roots and shoots - that can form various tissues - “reach out” to get resources #4) multicellular embryos develop from zygotes that are retained by the female plant for nu ...
Lecture 23.
... • 3. A Syncarpous Gynoecium of three Carpels. • 4. Cross Section of a Syncarpous Gynoecium with the Carpels fused at their margins. ...
... • 3. A Syncarpous Gynoecium of three Carpels. • 4. Cross Section of a Syncarpous Gynoecium with the Carpels fused at their margins. ...
Organisms are not immortal
... Almost all organisms have a sexual phase at some stage in their life cycle. While simpler animals have retained the asexual process, most complex ones have abandoned it. A major disadvantage of being totally reliant on the sexual process is that it is difficult to maintain a favourable genotype. Onc ...
... Almost all organisms have a sexual phase at some stage in their life cycle. While simpler animals have retained the asexual process, most complex ones have abandoned it. A major disadvantage of being totally reliant on the sexual process is that it is difficult to maintain a favourable genotype. Onc ...
Key vocabulary
... spotted or striped, too. Some are, however, dull in color and inconspicuous (grasses come to mind and Artemisia produces tiny straw-colored flowers). Some are green or greenish and look like sepals: These are sepaloid petals. • Stamens – the male sexual organs of a flower. They consist of an anther, ...
... spotted or striped, too. Some are, however, dull in color and inconspicuous (grasses come to mind and Artemisia produces tiny straw-colored flowers). Some are green or greenish and look like sepals: These are sepaloid petals. • Stamens – the male sexual organs of a flower. They consist of an anther, ...
Floral Design Basics: Techniques
... method of wiring leaves to strengthen and support individual leaves Midrib central vein of the leaf Feathering cutting a large flower into several small pieces and rewiring those pieces to create a smaller flower Sepals separate part forming the calyx; usually green Ovary female reproductive organ i ...
... method of wiring leaves to strengthen and support individual leaves Midrib central vein of the leaf Feathering cutting a large flower into several small pieces and rewiring those pieces to create a smaller flower Sepals separate part forming the calyx; usually green Ovary female reproductive organ i ...
Plants
... years) and became the dominant plant life form by virtue of their efficient means of reproduction. Of greatest significance was the evolution of flowers and fruits. Angiosperms are subdivided into two groups: Monocotyledones and Dicotyledones (Fig. 6.148). A cotyledon is an embryonic structure that ...
... years) and became the dominant plant life form by virtue of their efficient means of reproduction. Of greatest significance was the evolution of flowers and fruits. Angiosperms are subdivided into two groups: Monocotyledones and Dicotyledones (Fig. 6.148). A cotyledon is an embryonic structure that ...
Transition to Flowering and Morphogenesis of Reproductive
... Flowering in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has long been investigated by plant physiologists and horticulturists aiming to increase productivity of this important fruit crop. The disruption of the sequence of events which give rise to normal development of the reproductive structures by either th ...
... Flowering in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has long been investigated by plant physiologists and horticulturists aiming to increase productivity of this important fruit crop. The disruption of the sequence of events which give rise to normal development of the reproductive structures by either th ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.