Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... bodies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts s ...
... bodies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts s ...
A Climate for Change
... Climate change is not only about polar bears and glaciers and it does not happen just because somebody else is burning more fossil fuel than we are, meaning that they should act first and we can follow later. It is not only about complying with the Kyoto Protocol or new European Union targets. It ha ...
... Climate change is not only about polar bears and glaciers and it does not happen just because somebody else is burning more fossil fuel than we are, meaning that they should act first and we can follow later. It is not only about complying with the Kyoto Protocol or new European Union targets. It ha ...
Global learning on carbon capture and storage: A call for... cooperation on CCS demonstration
... enable CCS in the power sector.1 The CSLF was founded in 2003 on the initiative of the United States. Its charter shows that it aims to provide knowledge sharing and coordination on CCS. The CSLF has brought together policymakers of the 22 member countries, including several emerging economies, has ...
... enable CCS in the power sector.1 The CSLF was founded in 2003 on the initiative of the United States. Its charter shows that it aims to provide knowledge sharing and coordination on CCS. The CSLF has brought together policymakers of the 22 member countries, including several emerging economies, has ...
PDF
... preliminary research findings. They shall not be cited without the expressed written consent of the author(s). ...
... preliminary research findings. They shall not be cited without the expressed written consent of the author(s). ...
Dynamics, Stratospheric Ozone, and Climate Change
... the main issues concerning the role of dynamics in ozone changes were those mentioned above. Today, ten years later and with the stratospheric halogen loading slowly declining, the questions have evolved considerably. Now, the issue of detection and attribution has changed from that of ozone depleti ...
... the main issues concerning the role of dynamics in ozone changes were those mentioned above. Today, ten years later and with the stratospheric halogen loading slowly declining, the questions have evolved considerably. Now, the issue of detection and attribution has changed from that of ozone depleti ...
Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis Jane A. Leggett, Coordinator
... week may be just like the defined climate. Some people say, “Climate is what you expect; weather is what you get.” Unusual weather may or may not be an indicator of a changing climate. It takes decades to make a definitive determination. “Normal” weather may occur even when the climate is shifting. ...
... week may be just like the defined climate. Some people say, “Climate is what you expect; weather is what you get.” Unusual weather may or may not be an indicator of a changing climate. It takes decades to make a definitive determination. “Normal” weather may occur even when the climate is shifting. ...
Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate
... In particular, applying a ‘climate mark-up’ is not appropriate when current investment flows are well below what they should be. In several parts of the world, current levels of investment are considered far from adequate, and lead to high current vulnerability to climate, including its variability ...
... In particular, applying a ‘climate mark-up’ is not appropriate when current investment flows are well below what they should be. In several parts of the world, current levels of investment are considered far from adequate, and lead to high current vulnerability to climate, including its variability ...
www.permafrostcarbon.org - Arctic Research Consortium of the
... causing normally frozen ground to thaw, exposing significant quantities of organic carbon to decomposition by soil microbes. This permafrost carbon is the remnants of plants and animals accumulated in perennially frozen soil over thousands of years, and it holds twice as much carbon as currently in ...
... causing normally frozen ground to thaw, exposing significant quantities of organic carbon to decomposition by soil microbes. This permafrost carbon is the remnants of plants and animals accumulated in perennially frozen soil over thousands of years, and it holds twice as much carbon as currently in ...
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... reasonable. After a ll-as we learned recently companies like Exxon knew full well that their product influenced the g lobal climate before pouring millions into efforts to tell the public otherwise. While the media is only now reporting on the letter (triggered by a hri.cl politico mention), a high· ...
... reasonable. After a ll-as we learned recently companies like Exxon knew full well that their product influenced the g lobal climate before pouring millions into efforts to tell the public otherwise. While the media is only now reporting on the letter (triggered by a hri.cl politico mention), a high· ...
Considering Vermont`s Future in a Changing Climate: The First
... directly to the impacts of climate change as they pertain to our rural towns, cities and communities, including impacts on Vermont tourism and recreation, agriculture, natural resources and energy. A Call for Action in Vermont Climate change is no longer a thing of the future; it is affecting Vermon ...
... directly to the impacts of climate change as they pertain to our rural towns, cities and communities, including impacts on Vermont tourism and recreation, agriculture, natural resources and energy. A Call for Action in Vermont Climate change is no longer a thing of the future; it is affecting Vermon ...
Colorado Climate Preparedness Project Final Report
... • The outdoor recreation sector includes a diverse set of government agencies and private actors, although no state agency has overarching regulatory authority over the sector. State Parks manages state-owned recreational resources and has taken the lead on statewide comprehensive outdoor recreatio ...
... • The outdoor recreation sector includes a diverse set of government agencies and private actors, although no state agency has overarching regulatory authority over the sector. State Parks manages state-owned recreational resources and has taken the lead on statewide comprehensive outdoor recreatio ...
Chapter 13 - Clean Air Act
... A. National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are nationwide air quality goals that are meant to protect public health and public welfare. Richard E. Ayres & Mary Rose Kornreich, Setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards, in THE CLEAN AIR ACT HANDBOOK, ...
... A. National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are nationwide air quality goals that are meant to protect public health and public welfare. Richard E. Ayres & Mary Rose Kornreich, Setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards, in THE CLEAN AIR ACT HANDBOOK, ...
Climate Change Adaptation Manual
... species spreading more slowly than would be expected from climate change alone. ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which ma ...
... species spreading more slowly than would be expected from climate change alone. ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which ma ...
Climate Change and Buildings in Nigeria: A Search for Mitigation
... guide and develops a framework for its actualization in the three climatic regions in Nigeria. These regions are; Highland Climate Region (HCR), Tropical Savannah (TSC) and the Tropical Rainforest Climate Region (TRC). Given that Nigeria is the seventh most populous country in the world, and most po ...
... guide and develops a framework for its actualization in the three climatic regions in Nigeria. These regions are; Highland Climate Region (HCR), Tropical Savannah (TSC) and the Tropical Rainforest Climate Region (TRC). Given that Nigeria is the seventh most populous country in the world, and most po ...
River Basin Management in a changing climate
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
Climate Scientists` Perceptions of Climate
... the locations and the shapes of distributions) have been employed. 1. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test This test compares the cumulative distribution functions for two groups to detect differences in shapes and locations. This test is to determine whether two independent samples (1996 and 2004) ha ...
... the locations and the shapes of distributions) have been employed. 1. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test This test compares the cumulative distribution functions for two groups to detect differences in shapes and locations. This test is to determine whether two independent samples (1996 and 2004) ha ...
Impacts of Large-Scale Reforestation Programmes on Regional
... been implemented in recent years. The primary goal of the project is to mitigate soil erosion problems across the Loess Plateau region through converting erodible crop lands into forests. The large changes from agricultural land to forest can modify important biophysical characteristics of the land ...
... been implemented in recent years. The primary goal of the project is to mitigate soil erosion problems across the Loess Plateau region through converting erodible crop lands into forests. The large changes from agricultural land to forest can modify important biophysical characteristics of the land ...
Climate Change Adaptation Manual
... species spreading more slowly than would be expected from climate change alone. ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which ma ...
... species spreading more slowly than would be expected from climate change alone. ■■ Warmer springs in recent decades have caused a trend towards many biological events (eg flowering, budburst, laying and hatching of eggs) occurring earlier in the year. The rates of change vary among species, which ma ...
Floating Houses and Mosquito Nets: Emerging Climate
... not be manageable. In order to prevent dangerous climate change, the global average temperature must not increase by more than 2 degrees Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels. This goal can only be achieved if all stakeholders implement far-reaching measures. This means that all opportunities ...
... not be manageable. In order to prevent dangerous climate change, the global average temperature must not increase by more than 2 degrees Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels. This goal can only be achieved if all stakeholders implement far-reaching measures. This means that all opportunities ...
GAN workshop report - Climate Technology Centre & Network
... the adaptation gap is far more challenging than calculating the emissions gap, because 1) there is no globally agreed goal or metrics for adaptation, and 2) adaptation is a response to specific climate risks and impacts that are local in nature and vary over time. However, studies highlight the role ...
... the adaptation gap is far more challenging than calculating the emissions gap, because 1) there is no globally agreed goal or metrics for adaptation, and 2) adaptation is a response to specific climate risks and impacts that are local in nature and vary over time. However, studies highlight the role ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.