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Energy and the Environment - European Physical Society
Energy and the Environment - European Physical Society

... observed along the Dutch coast. Even larger variations exist globally. The appropriate measurement technique thus would be global and finely meshed. This is where satellite measurements come in. Figure 2 shows data from the French-American Topex-Poseidon and Jason satellites yielding a 3.5 cm sea le ...
The Future of Food Security in Global Change Scenarios
The Future of Food Security in Global Change Scenarios

... of many agents – Time scale of concern is decades to a century (and beyond) ...
Small Island Developing States at the Forefront of Global Climate
Small Island Developing States at the Forefront of Global Climate

... can mean that women do not have the appropriate skill sets to deal with myriad impacts. The statistics indicating fatalities from extreme weather events are revealing in this regard. Moreover, as resources become scarcer, women and young girls spend more time collecting food and water and less time ...
Lecture 1
Lecture 1

... • Small changes in albedo can have a big effect on climate ...
Word Document - North Country 350 Alliance
Word Document - North Country 350 Alliance

... to urge President Obama to come to the table to reach a settlement with the twenty-one youths who filed a constitutional climate change lawsuit against the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon in 2015, claiming their constitutional rights to life, liberty, and pro ...
www.cwemf.org
www.cwemf.org

... How much of the New Year’s flooding was due to climate change? Photo by Ralph Finch ...
Marinoni - Third Pole Environment (TPE)
Marinoni - Third Pole Environment (TPE)

... expertise for the climate related studies. The knowhow will be available locally and to intergovernmental agencies, providing a technology transfer mechanism and supporting decisionmaking on the environment. Mechanisms for transferring know-how and technology in the fields of environmental and geoph ...
Climate change policy and game theory
Climate change policy and game theory

... Cooperation may be either unilateral or multilateral. ...
Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources
Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources

...  The decline in the number of storms is linked with largescale global circulation changes (in about 1970);  It is feasible that the drying trend could have been the result of unforced climate variability;  However, the decline in rainfall is also consistent with the modelled effect of anthropogen ...
The Critical Role that Citizen Scientists Can Play in Identifying
The Critical Role that Citizen Scientists Can Play in Identifying

EPS position on energy and environment
EPS position on energy and environment

... Much more difficult to measure temperature or sea level is humidity. Yet, the effect of humidity on climate is dramatic, as it governs the energy exchange between land surface and atmosphere through the evaporation precipitation cycle.A feed back loop is at work, dry soil enhances a temperature increas ...
Energy Use and the Evolution of Technology
Energy Use and the Evolution of Technology

... (Halsnaes and Markandya, 1999). The economic interpretation is that these projects pay for themselves over the relevant time horizon. Thus, it is assumed that the projects would be undertaken regardless of the additional goal of reducing CO2 emissions. If this assumption is correct, why then are non ...
Global Warming, Sea Level Rise and Beach Nourishment
Global Warming, Sea Level Rise and Beach Nourishment

... which makes human-related contributions to global warming difficult to quantify. The National Research Council examined surface temperature records for the Earth over the last 2,000 years and concluded, “Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing ...
Document
Document

... • High resolution global coupled oceanatmosphere model simulations are not yet feasible (~ 250 - 300 km) • High resolution global atmospheric model simulations are feasible for time-slice experiments ~ 50-100 km resolution for 1030 years (~ 100 km) • Regional model simulations at resolution 10-30 km ...
77% 20% PIPA/KN 6/2004 - WorldPublicOpinion.org
77% 20% PIPA/KN 6/2004 - WorldPublicOpinion.org

... controversial aspect of the bill is that allows companies to buy and sell their allowances to each other. The idea is that it will cost some companies much more than other companies to change business practices to lower their emissions. If companies with low costs could reduce their emissions furthe ...
Y8GeU2EClimate change PPwk7
Y8GeU2EClimate change PPwk7

... travel across the frozen Ob River in November and set up camp in the southern forests around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter pilgrimage is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December when the ice was finally thick enough to c ...
Remember to use a large enough font
Remember to use a large enough font

... Further research is needed to examine exposure to climate change Next steps: • Expand database • Assess fisheries dependence and exposure • Case studies for communities with available primary information • Regional downscaling of projected climate change effects to determine exposure ...
Att to 313 Ptok
Att to 313 Ptok

... doing”, but should truly lead the global response. As one of the largest per capita emitters globally, our way of life is more dependent on fossil fuels than that in other countries. If we are unable to have a significant impact on our fossil fuel use, our economy will crash more severely when fossi ...
Newsweek
Newsweek

... The road from Rio led to an international meeting in Kyoto, Japan, where more than 100 nations would negotiate a treaty on making Rio's voluntary—and largely ignored—greenhouse curbs mandatory. The coal and oil industries, worried that Kyoto could lead to binding greenhouse cuts that would imperil t ...
Variations in Vulnerability to Climate Change in Southeast Asia
Variations in Vulnerability to Climate Change in Southeast Asia

... According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Third Assessment Report, “the rate of global mean sea level rise averaged between 0.1 and 0.2 meters during the 20th century,” which is ten times the average rate of the last three thousand years (Ward, 40). The two main mechanisms ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • The majority science view seems to be that: • Atmospheric concentrations of GHGs increased from 280ppm (preindustrial) to 380ppm today • Strong evidence led to global temp increase of 0.7C due to human activity • By 2100 average global temperature projected to increase by 1.8 – 4.0C • May lead to ...
Climate Change Deniers: The Misinformation Campaigns Spread by
Climate Change Deniers: The Misinformation Campaigns Spread by

... and other environmental issues today. The idea is that climate change is caused by humans and the greenhouse gasses emitted by human activity. Since the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas emissions have dramatically increased, and virtually all scientists directly relate this to climate change. T ...
Ice Ages and Climate Change - Florida Atlantic University
Ice Ages and Climate Change - Florida Atlantic University

... like a spinning top • This means the axis points to different places in ...
Optimal Climate Policies under the 2°C Constraint Using a
Optimal Climate Policies under the 2°C Constraint Using a

Hot, Flat and Crowded - College of Business, UNR
Hot, Flat and Crowded - College of Business, UNR

... Sustainability ...
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Global warming



Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.
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