awareness of both type 1 and 2 errors in climate science and
... Fifth Assessment Report (Fig. 2), but it warns that “Larger values cannot be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for sea level rise” (Alley et al. 2007, p. 14); and they provided a footnote to explain why ...
... Fifth Assessment Report (Fig. 2), but it warns that “Larger values cannot be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for sea level rise” (Alley et al. 2007, p. 14); and they provided a footnote to explain why ...
impact of global warming on biodiversity
... plants, animals and microorganisms created by nature are the ‘foundation of human life’ on earth (Sharma et al., 2004). Biodiversity reflects the number, variety and variability of living organisms. It includes all organisms, from microscopic bacteria to plants and animals. Biodiversity is every whe ...
... plants, animals and microorganisms created by nature are the ‘foundation of human life’ on earth (Sharma et al., 2004). Biodiversity reflects the number, variety and variability of living organisms. It includes all organisms, from microscopic bacteria to plants and animals. Biodiversity is every whe ...
IAIA CC Principles-Draft 22Feb12
... GLOSSARY (adopted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC 2007, and Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC 1992) Adaptation: Initiatives and measure to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or expected climate change effects. (IPCC) Adaptive ca ...
... GLOSSARY (adopted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC 2007, and Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC 1992) Adaptation: Initiatives and measure to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or expected climate change effects. (IPCC) Adaptive ca ...
Needs must: should the environment trump prosperity?
... Science and technology have created a very complex world and politics has found it difficult to keep up with the speed of change. This problem is compounded by the desire of the media to look for quick solutions and simple explanations – very often when they are just not available. There are few are ...
... Science and technology have created a very complex world and politics has found it difficult to keep up with the speed of change. This problem is compounded by the desire of the media to look for quick solutions and simple explanations – very often when they are just not available. There are few are ...
how big business is funding climate change denial in the 113th
... As one of the world’s richest individuals, Bill Gates is used to his opinions getting a wide and respectful hearing. So it’s a good thing that Gates has repeatedly expressed concern about the climate threat and urged strong action against it. Gates has called for the burning of coal and gas to be ph ...
... As one of the world’s richest individuals, Bill Gates is used to his opinions getting a wide and respectful hearing. So it’s a good thing that Gates has repeatedly expressed concern about the climate threat and urged strong action against it. Gates has called for the burning of coal and gas to be ph ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
... A critical and perhaps the dominant global environmental problem in the last three decades is global warming, resulting from global climate change (Scholz and Hasse, 2008). Global Warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature, due mostly to the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such ...
... A critical and perhaps the dominant global environmental problem in the last three decades is global warming, resulting from global climate change (Scholz and Hasse, 2008). Global Warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature, due mostly to the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such ...
English - unfccc
... for the remaining years of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st. A particular focus of the Conference will be on the role of the WCRP, as the research thrust of the “Climate Agenda”. "New Frontiers in Climate Science and Prediction“. Policy makers’ views on the interactions with other c ...
... for the remaining years of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st. A particular focus of the Conference will be on the role of the WCRP, as the research thrust of the “Climate Agenda”. "New Frontiers in Climate Science and Prediction“. Policy makers’ views on the interactions with other c ...
Clearing the Air Students learn about the scientific evidence
... gases include: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases absorb energy from the Sun, which creates a warming effect by trapping heat within the atmosphere. According to existing climate models, global temperatures are expected to rise anywhere between 2 an ...
... gases include: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases absorb energy from the Sun, which creates a warming effect by trapping heat within the atmosphere. According to existing climate models, global temperatures are expected to rise anywhere between 2 an ...
5.9.2 Heat and health - Eionet Forum
... Climate change is likely to cause changes in ecological systems that will affect the risk of infectious diseases in Europe, including the seasonal activity of local vectors, and the establishment of tropical and semi-tropical species. Shifts in the global and regional distribution and behaviour of i ...
... Climate change is likely to cause changes in ecological systems that will affect the risk of infectious diseases in Europe, including the seasonal activity of local vectors, and the establishment of tropical and semi-tropical species. Shifts in the global and regional distribution and behaviour of i ...
2. Global warming is occurring
... temperatures rose 0.6—0.7''C during the 20* century; 2005, depending upon the source consulted, was either the hottest year or the second hottest year since temperatures began to be systematically recorded in the midnineteenth century; 40 per cent of the Arctic icecap has retreated during the past s ...
... temperatures rose 0.6—0.7''C during the 20* century; 2005, depending upon the source consulted, was either the hottest year or the second hottest year since temperatures began to be systematically recorded in the midnineteenth century; 40 per cent of the Arctic icecap has retreated during the past s ...
Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation in the Land Transport Sector in the ASEAN Region MRV related activities
... – Top‐down and bottom‐up •Scenarios: baseline and mitigation •Emission reductions due to actions: ex‐ante and ex‐post Non‐greenhouse gas •Indicators for policy/NAMA implementation (non‐GHG) •Monitoring of inputs ...
... – Top‐down and bottom‐up •Scenarios: baseline and mitigation •Emission reductions due to actions: ex‐ante and ex‐post Non‐greenhouse gas •Indicators for policy/NAMA implementation (non‐GHG) •Monitoring of inputs ...
Talk 3 - Climate science in support of sustainable agriculture
... characterization of agriculture resources and develop climate responsive policies, programmes and practices • Ecological implications of agriculture development require an improved understanding between the climate, biological and socio-economic components ...
... characterization of agriculture resources and develop climate responsive policies, programmes and practices • Ecological implications of agriculture development require an improved understanding between the climate, biological and socio-economic components ...
PRECIS Training Workshop
... The PRECIS software itself is offered freely to users from countries classed as non-Annex II by the UNFCCC, but is only distributed in conjunction with a dedicated PRECIS training workshop. However, output data from the PRECIS regional model may be freely shared between institutions and end users fo ...
... The PRECIS software itself is offered freely to users from countries classed as non-Annex II by the UNFCCC, but is only distributed in conjunction with a dedicated PRECIS training workshop. However, output data from the PRECIS regional model may be freely shared between institutions and end users fo ...
THE EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE
... Samples exposed to elevated levels of CO2 showed an increase in biomass ...
... Samples exposed to elevated levels of CO2 showed an increase in biomass ...
"Climate Change: Moonshine, Millions of Models, Billions of Data - New Ways to Sort Fact from Fiction"
... "These large variations in reflectance imply climatologically significant cloud-driven changes in Earth's radiation budget, which is consistent with the large tropospheric warming that has occurred over the most recent decades." ...
... "These large variations in reflectance imply climatologically significant cloud-driven changes in Earth's radiation budget, which is consistent with the large tropospheric warming that has occurred over the most recent decades." ...
Advancing agricultural greenhouse gas quantification ∗ PERSPECTIVE
... factors (Nihart 2012, unpublished data), yet default numbers are based on a very limited number of studies. Furthermore, most non-Annex I countries have reported their National Communications only one or two times in the period 1990–2010. China, for instance, has not submitted agricultural inventory ...
... factors (Nihart 2012, unpublished data), yet default numbers are based on a very limited number of studies. Furthermore, most non-Annex I countries have reported their National Communications only one or two times in the period 1990–2010. China, for instance, has not submitted agricultural inventory ...
Earth system sensitivity inferred from Pliocene modelling and data
... Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth’s climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important ...
... Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth’s climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important ...
Word - Grabaword.com
... already. They think of it as a future problem. Yet the World Health Organisation estimates that between 1970 and 2004, the environmental effects of climate change caused more than 140,000 deaths each year. 11. Scientists say the new report providing updated observations and projections of the change ...
... already. They think of it as a future problem. Yet the World Health Organisation estimates that between 1970 and 2004, the environmental effects of climate change caused more than 140,000 deaths each year. 11. Scientists say the new report providing updated observations and projections of the change ...
Course Title - Institute for Security Studies
... At the end of this course you should: • Possess a broad understanding of the science of climate change and how human activities are important drivers (causes) for the current global temperature rise • An enhance understanding of the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities and countries i ...
... At the end of this course you should: • Possess a broad understanding of the science of climate change and how human activities are important drivers (causes) for the current global temperature rise • An enhance understanding of the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities and countries i ...
PDF - The Marine Biological Association
... community composition in the region has had an observable economic impact on fisheries, with landings of cold-adapted species halved but landings of warm-adapted species increasing by a factor of 2.5 since the 1980s3 ; a pattern also identified in other marine ecosystems14 . With a uniquely rich fis ...
... community composition in the region has had an observable economic impact on fisheries, with landings of cold-adapted species halved but landings of warm-adapted species increasing by a factor of 2.5 since the 1980s3 ; a pattern also identified in other marine ecosystems14 . With a uniquely rich fis ...
U.S. EPA’s Models-3 : An Integrated “One
... for the assessment of these two issues simultaneously? • If not, which models are better for addressing the climatic effects of air pollution (global climate/chemistry model)? Which are better for addressing the impacts of intercontinental transport (global chemistry/regional air quality models)? 2. ...
... for the assessment of these two issues simultaneously? • If not, which models are better for addressing the climatic effects of air pollution (global climate/chemistry model)? Which are better for addressing the impacts of intercontinental transport (global chemistry/regional air quality models)? 2. ...
E A S T - W E S T ...
... in my response. In addition, both Eileen and I would be pleased to provide additional information and analysis if it would be helpful in your deliberations. During the question and answer session following your testimony, you were asked to provide an assessment of the linkages between current climat ...
... in my response. In addition, both Eileen and I would be pleased to provide additional information and analysis if it would be helpful in your deliberations. During the question and answer session following your testimony, you were asked to provide an assessment of the linkages between current climat ...
Klimaschankungen seit 1700.
... Our discussion of climate variability and climate change at the end of the 19th century leads to a number of conclusions which we consider relevant on methodical, theoretical and practical grounds: (1) The debate on natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change is not new. A similar d ...
... Our discussion of climate variability and climate change at the end of the 19th century leads to a number of conclusions which we consider relevant on methodical, theoretical and practical grounds: (1) The debate on natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change is not new. A similar d ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.