Dr. Jorge Cortés-4
... according to different climate models, ranges from 1 to 4°C for the SRES emissions scenario B2 and from 2 to 6°C for scenario A2 (medium confidence). Under future climate change, there is a risk of significant species extinctions in many areas of tropical Latin America (high confidence). The expecte ...
... according to different climate models, ranges from 1 to 4°C for the SRES emissions scenario B2 and from 2 to 6°C for scenario A2 (medium confidence). Under future climate change, there is a risk of significant species extinctions in many areas of tropical Latin America (high confidence). The expecte ...
Assessing the Vulnerability of Fish Stocks in a Changing Climate
... Assessing the Vulnerability of Fish Stocks in a Changing Climate What is the Fish Stock Climate Vulnerability Assessment? NOAA Fisheries, in collaboration with the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research - "Earth System Research Laboratory, is finalizing a methodology to rapidly assess the v ...
... Assessing the Vulnerability of Fish Stocks in a Changing Climate What is the Fish Stock Climate Vulnerability Assessment? NOAA Fisheries, in collaboration with the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research - "Earth System Research Laboratory, is finalizing a methodology to rapidly assess the v ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... small island developing states (SIDS) for there to be substantial reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and for adequate funding to be made available to assist SIDS which are not responsible for the high levels of GHG emissions. Despite not being a major emitter, Jamaica is nonetheles ...
... small island developing states (SIDS) for there to be substantial reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and for adequate funding to be made available to assist SIDS which are not responsible for the high levels of GHG emissions. Despite not being a major emitter, Jamaica is nonetheles ...
Slide 1
... multiple stresses, to shocks and to risk over a longer period”. Both impacts and vulnerability may be reduced by adaptation – adjustments in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment. ...
... multiple stresses, to shocks and to risk over a longer period”. Both impacts and vulnerability may be reduced by adaptation – adjustments in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment. ...
Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate
... precipitation, during the summer months in four river basins, which also indicates cooler summer temperatures and lower transpiration at landscape scales. Combined, the mesoscale atmospheric/land-surface model, short-term trends in regional temperatures, forest distribution changes, and hydrology da ...
... precipitation, during the summer months in four river basins, which also indicates cooler summer temperatures and lower transpiration at landscape scales. Combined, the mesoscale atmospheric/land-surface model, short-term trends in regional temperatures, forest distribution changes, and hydrology da ...
Time-Dependent Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
... such as the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients are typically adjusted to improve the fit In box-diffusion models, which generally have a much coarser resolution, the currents and mixing are inferred directly from tracer distributions or are chosen to represent the aggregated effect of tr ...
... such as the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients are typically adjusted to improve the fit In box-diffusion models, which generally have a much coarser resolution, the currents and mixing are inferred directly from tracer distributions or are chosen to represent the aggregated effect of tr ...
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
Land Matters for CLiMate
... An important dimension of future land use decisions is the effect that land management, rehabilitation and restoration will have on our ability to adapt to and mitigate climate change. This presents a unique opportunity to transform policies (e.g., legislation, regulation, subsidies) that provide in ...
... An important dimension of future land use decisions is the effect that land management, rehabilitation and restoration will have on our ability to adapt to and mitigate climate change. This presents a unique opportunity to transform policies (e.g., legislation, regulation, subsidies) that provide in ...
Uncertainties of Climate Change in Arid Environments of Central Asia
... Tarasov, 1992; Tarasov et al., 1998). However, in contrast with tropical deserts (i.e., the Sahara Desert), these environmental changes had relatively small amplitudes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, when the plains of Central Asia remained arid during long periods of time interrupted by relat ...
... Tarasov, 1992; Tarasov et al., 1998). However, in contrast with tropical deserts (i.e., the Sahara Desert), these environmental changes had relatively small amplitudes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, when the plains of Central Asia remained arid during long periods of time interrupted by relat ...
Carbon and the Anthropocene
... Progenitors of the Anthropocene All life on Earth, including humankind, is carbon-based. Organic carbon molecules provide the basic biochemical machinery underlying evolution and the use of environmental energy, attributes essential to life. DNA and RNA store and propagate information with nearly bu ...
... Progenitors of the Anthropocene All life on Earth, including humankind, is carbon-based. Organic carbon molecules provide the basic biochemical machinery underlying evolution and the use of environmental energy, attributes essential to life. DNA and RNA store and propagate information with nearly bu ...
Briefing for the global health community
... change. Integrating commitment to climate change across all departments and sectors in global health institutions will help build the necessary health expertise and capacity needed to respond to climate change. 2. Support and encourage an international agreement on climate change, which protects pu ...
... change. Integrating commitment to climate change across all departments and sectors in global health institutions will help build the necessary health expertise and capacity needed to respond to climate change. 2. Support and encourage an international agreement on climate change, which protects pu ...
Atmosphere and Climate Change Section 1
... • At a solar maximum, the sun emits an increased amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. • UV radiation produces more ozone, which warms the stratosphere. • The increased solar radiation can also warm the lower atmosphere and surface of the Earth a little. ...
... • At a solar maximum, the sun emits an increased amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. • UV radiation produces more ozone, which warms the stratosphere. • The increased solar radiation can also warm the lower atmosphere and surface of the Earth a little. ...
Biblio RTF Export - GLISAclimate.org
... Austin, Jay A., and Steven M. Colman. "Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air temperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback." GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. 34 (2007). Reid, Susanna, et al. "Vulnerability and adaptation to climate risks in Ontario agricul ...
... Austin, Jay A., and Steven M. Colman. "Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air temperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback." GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. 34 (2007). Reid, Susanna, et al. "Vulnerability and adaptation to climate risks in Ontario agricul ...
ISEES_GrandChallengeQuestions
... and global ecology. Individually, we measure metabolism as individual biogeochemical cycles or fluxes, but knowing how the parts fit together remains a grand challenge (Falkowski et al. 2000). We currently have tools to monitor this metabolism, ranging from satellites to flux networks (Running et al ...
... and global ecology. Individually, we measure metabolism as individual biogeochemical cycles or fluxes, but knowing how the parts fit together remains a grand challenge (Falkowski et al. 2000). We currently have tools to monitor this metabolism, ranging from satellites to flux networks (Running et al ...
Assessing the impact of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions on
... temperature, snow cover) and soil carbon content are computed with a single (1 m) soil layer version of the Meteorological Office Surface Exchange Scheme version 2 (MOSES2), which is driven by biomass input and microbial respiration (Cox et al., 1999). MOSES-2 includes an interactive representation ...
... temperature, snow cover) and soil carbon content are computed with a single (1 m) soil layer version of the Meteorological Office Surface Exchange Scheme version 2 (MOSES2), which is driven by biomass input and microbial respiration (Cox et al., 1999). MOSES-2 includes an interactive representation ...
Assessment Synthesis Slides OEWG 3Aug2011
... warm the climate. The current ODP-weighted anthropogenic emission is larger than that of any ODS. Geo-engineering: Deliberate large injections of sulfurcontaining compounds into the stratosphere would alter the radiative, dynamical, and chemical state of the stratosphere and could be expected to h ...
... warm the climate. The current ODP-weighted anthropogenic emission is larger than that of any ODS. Geo-engineering: Deliberate large injections of sulfurcontaining compounds into the stratosphere would alter the radiative, dynamical, and chemical state of the stratosphere and could be expected to h ...
The Impact of Climates Change on Tourism in Africa By Smart N
... address the severe and radical changes in local and African climate changes being witnessed today. Some African countries rely heavily on tourism as their main source of revenue. The effects of climate change on tourism do cause changes in the ecosystems and natural resources needed to sustain the t ...
... address the severe and radical changes in local and African climate changes being witnessed today. Some African countries rely heavily on tourism as their main source of revenue. The effects of climate change on tourism do cause changes in the ecosystems and natural resources needed to sustain the t ...
Syllabus - The Bodanyi Project
... problem for policy makers, the solutions available, and the policy instruments likely to lead to implementation of these technologies and change of behavior. Course Organization The course is organized in four units drawing on multiple academic disciplines. In the first unit, we will define global ...
... problem for policy makers, the solutions available, and the policy instruments likely to lead to implementation of these technologies and change of behavior. Course Organization The course is organized in four units drawing on multiple academic disciplines. In the first unit, we will define global ...
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
NRDC: Temperatures Rising: Global Warming Turns up the Heat on
... number of heat-related deaths worldwide over the last few decades have given us an alarming picture of the extreme weather conditions and devastating impacts on human health to come if this warming continues unmitigated.1, 2 Congress must address global warming through mandatory legislation that red ...
... number of heat-related deaths worldwide over the last few decades have given us an alarming picture of the extreme weather conditions and devastating impacts on human health to come if this warming continues unmitigated.1, 2 Congress must address global warming through mandatory legislation that red ...
WATCH: Current Knowledge of the Terrestrial Global Water Cycle
... communities to both reduce these uncertainties and communicate them to a wider society. ...
... communities to both reduce these uncertainties and communicate them to a wider society. ...
Integrated Assessment - Jeroen van der Sluijs
... practice, traditional forms of knowledge integration, such as books, expert panels and advisory bodies combining monodisciplinary assessments were too slow and too inflexible to fulfill all the needs of the dynamic and issue-driven policy process. Examples of policy needs where traditional means of ...
... practice, traditional forms of knowledge integration, such as books, expert panels and advisory bodies combining monodisciplinary assessments were too slow and too inflexible to fulfill all the needs of the dynamic and issue-driven policy process. Examples of policy needs where traditional means of ...
Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, EEAP Environmental
... Decreased plant productivity in areas of large ozone depletion Climate change & land-use change: Regional increased UV-B radiation ...
... Decreased plant productivity in areas of large ozone depletion Climate change & land-use change: Regional increased UV-B radiation ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.