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Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and
Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and

... relief ...
Work Climate Change - Work in a Warming World
Work Climate Change - Work in a Warming World

... Global   Economy   (with   Andrew   Herod,   Blackwell,   2006)   and   Researching   Amongst   Elites:   The   Challenges   and   Opportunities   in   Studying   Up   (with   Chris   Schneider,   Ashgate   2012).   His   most   recent   work   i ...
Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

... relief ...
Ocean Model Working Group
Ocean Model Working Group

... One of the main accomplishments this year of the Biogeochemistry Working Group (BGCWG) has been the incorporation of active land, ocean, and atmosphere carbon cycle modules into the CCSM1 physical framework (CCSM1 carbon-climate model). The land biogeochemistry module is based on a merging of Carneg ...
Enhancement of MRC Modelling Tools in the 3S Basin to Improve
Enhancement of MRC Modelling Tools in the 3S Basin to Improve

... MRC-SWAT modelling The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model set up by the MRC was chosen for simulating natural flows in the 3S Basin. The model is a part of the MRC Decision Support Framework and ToolBox for the Lower Mekong Basin planning. The model was calibrated and verified with observed ...
Climate Change Adaptation through Land Use Planning
Climate Change Adaptation through Land Use Planning

Document
Document

... change the Earth’s climate in the future. Significant natural factors are, for example, volcanic activity and the activity of the sun. It has been generally accepted that human activities also contribute to climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated in 2007 with ‘ver ...
Executive Summary -- Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk
Executive Summary -- Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk

... five-year interval since 1895, and the fourth-lowest five-year precipitation total. And 2002 was the driest year since 1895, with precipitation 22 percent below average. This exceptionally hot, dry period triggered many of the forest impacts documented in this report. If climate change continues unc ...
Divestment is a powerful tactic for stigmatising
Divestment is a powerful tactic for stigmatising

... Looking back, I underestimated the risks. The planet and the atmosphere seem to be absorbing less carbon than we expected, and emissions are rising pretty strongly. Some of the effects are coming through more quickly than we thought then. What is the ultimate destination of our current carbon emiss ...
Climate hypersensitivity to solar forcing?
Climate hypersensitivity to solar forcing?

... signi®cantly smaller than the estimated global forcing of 2:4  0:4 W mÿ2 resulting from the increases of the anthropogenic GHG concentrations over the last 100 years (e.g., IPCC, 1996). There is thus an apparent inconsistency between weak solar radiative forcing and large climatic response. Further ...
1 Conflict and Accommodation in International Environmental
1 Conflict and Accommodation in International Environmental

... The emergence of global environmental concerns such as ozone depletion and climate change has shifted concern from local and regional impacts to potentially catastrophic and irreversible changes in the earth's biosphere. The prospect of mandatory curbs on production and use of fossil fuels poses a s ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost

... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost

... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
The Latest on Volcanic Eruptions and Climate
The Latest on Volcanic Eruptions and Climate

... into some of these topics in much greater detail. It is well known that large volcanic eruptions inject sulfur gases into the stratosphere, which convert to sulfate aerosols with a lifetime of several months to about 2 years. The radiative effects of these aerosol clouds produce global cooling and a ...
Impact of Climate Change on Infectious Diseases
Impact of Climate Change on Infectious Diseases

... The most important environmental factors affecting the pathogens are temperature, humidity, and CO2 level. It was found that the fungi causing plant diseases show better growth at moderate temperature ranges. In temperate climates characterized by seasonally low average temperatures, longer periods ...
mexico: an emissions trading case study
mexico: an emissions trading case study

... an 83.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) reduction in emissions by 2018 compared to the baseline, but specific additional reduction measures were not identified at the time of release. Being that energy production and consumption are the largest source of emissions, the deep energ ...
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration

... negotiations on labour migration (Gemenne, 2009). The obsession with ‘disappearing islands is even more curious when one considers that 68 per cent of the population of the Pacific region lives in Papua New Guinea. Most of PNG’s population live inland and will be ...
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... fuel substitution), or use biomass products to replace products from other materials such as steel or concrete, that have different, often greater, fossil-fuel requirements in their production and use (i.e., materials substitution). ...
Glossary of Synthesis Report
Glossary of Synthesis Report

... Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests (for at least 50 years). For a discussion of the term forest and related terms such as afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation see the IPCC Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (IPCC, 2000). See also th ...
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration and
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration and

... negotiations on labour migration (Gemenne, 2009). The obsession with ‘disappearing islands is even more curious when one considers that 68 per cent of the population of the Pacific region lives in Papua New Guinea. Most of PNG’s population live inland and will be ...
press_release_havannah_tourism_climate_waste_campaign
press_release_havannah_tourism_climate_waste_campaign

... Tourism is highly vulnerability to a range of risks including natural hazards, economic downturns, health epidemics, market fluctuations, and so on. Due to it’s highly climate sensitive nature, Pacific tourism is identified as a hotspot for major impacts of climate change that will affect tourism de ...
The contribution of Portuguese agriculture to the climate
The contribution of Portuguese agriculture to the climate

... biotic and abiotic stress, such as drought, high temperatures, saline and contaminants. These plants can capture more CO2 from the atmosphere by the photosynthetic process, producing higher levels of photo assimilates which are exuded by the roots enriching the mycorrhizosphere and contributing for ...
Bluie West
Bluie West

... climate pollution mitigation would have happened a long time ago. If we can convince enough people of the importance and magnitude of climate pollution, change will happen. But the climate change counter-movement, sponsored by the fossil fuel industrial complex (FFIX), has systematically undermined ...
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to

... at subtropical latitudes (Mediterranean and Japan/East China Sea) are also warming. It is predicted that even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at year 2000 levels, atmospheric warming would continue at a rate of about 0.1 °C per decade due to the slow response of the oceans. Geogra ...
Cassandra Complex: Analysis on Law Relating to Climatic
Cassandra Complex: Analysis on Law Relating to Climatic

... efficiently, and Mainstream and integrate climate change issues in the national development process. Moreover, under the Ministry of environment and Natural Resources in Sri Lanka, there is Climate Change Secretariat, which is establish to control and mitigate climate change effects in Sri Lanka. Su ...
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Global warming



Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.
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