Braconnot et al. (2012) - Harvard John A. Paulson School of
... the structure of the polar atmosphere and feedbacks in atmospheric lapse rate, water vapour and clouds that are amplified by changes in sea ice, snow cover and vegetation. Palaeodata also show larger changes in temperature over land than over the ocean in both cold and warm climate intervals (Fig. 2 ...
... the structure of the polar atmosphere and feedbacks in atmospheric lapse rate, water vapour and clouds that are amplified by changes in sea ice, snow cover and vegetation. Palaeodata also show larger changes in temperature over land than over the ocean in both cold and warm climate intervals (Fig. 2 ...
Temperature Change in New England: 1895-2012
... rise 2 to 11.5°F by 2100 (IPCC, 2013). Human Drivers of Climate Change Human activities started to influence the earth’s climate during the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1750. These activities altered the incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of ...
... rise 2 to 11.5°F by 2100 (IPCC, 2013). Human Drivers of Climate Change Human activities started to influence the earth’s climate during the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1750. These activities altered the incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of ...
Brochure – Climate Change: Supporting Actions at the Regional Level
... consumption in different sectors in particular the industrial and building sectors, as well as reducing the electricity peakload. According to the project results, a reduction of 22% of the Qatari peakloaod in summer can be achieved associated with 19% of the total fuel consumption and an annual emis ...
... consumption in different sectors in particular the industrial and building sectors, as well as reducing the electricity peakload. According to the project results, a reduction of 22% of the Qatari peakloaod in summer can be achieved associated with 19% of the total fuel consumption and an annual emis ...
Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism: The
... At present, there is no consensus on the international monitoring of emissions trading or the means to verify claimed reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The prospects for such monitoring and verification are still under discussion in the official negotiations. Nevertheless, hundreds of credit-g ...
... At present, there is no consensus on the international monitoring of emissions trading or the means to verify claimed reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The prospects for such monitoring and verification are still under discussion in the official negotiations. Nevertheless, hundreds of credit-g ...
avoid dangerous climate change
... resides substantially in the current framing of the EU ETS and the low-carbon technologies and practices that they may engender. Whilst technology undoubtedly has an important medium- and long-term role to play in reducing the carbon intensity of aviation, it is negligent and irresponsible not to en ...
... resides substantially in the current framing of the EU ETS and the low-carbon technologies and practices that they may engender. Whilst technology undoubtedly has an important medium- and long-term role to play in reducing the carbon intensity of aviation, it is negligent and irresponsible not to en ...
Zero Deforestation and the future of Brazil
... catastrophes that could compromise the habitability of the planet. Human activity is making the planet hotter and increasing climate risks. Scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change1 (IPCC) state that between 1880 and 2012 average world temperatures rose by 0.85°C. It doesn’t seem ...
... catastrophes that could compromise the habitability of the planet. Human activity is making the planet hotter and increasing climate risks. Scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change1 (IPCC) state that between 1880 and 2012 average world temperatures rose by 0.85°C. It doesn’t seem ...
the introduction canada and agriculture the greenhouse effect and
... sources, emissions depend on the type of combustion device, the age of the device, operating temperature, fuel types, ambient temperature, whether emission control devices have been installed. Soil management practices such as irrigation, tillage or summerfallow can effect N2O fluxes to and from th ...
... sources, emissions depend on the type of combustion device, the age of the device, operating temperature, fuel types, ambient temperature, whether emission control devices have been installed. Soil management practices such as irrigation, tillage or summerfallow can effect N2O fluxes to and from th ...
Communicating on Climate
... abstract subject tainted with divisive political positions. We’ve heard bits of guidance from select experts that we’ve tried to employ, such as getting the message and the messenger right. To some people, this means having scientists explain climate science to politicians. To others, it means havin ...
... abstract subject tainted with divisive political positions. We’ve heard bits of guidance from select experts that we’ve tried to employ, such as getting the message and the messenger right. To some people, this means having scientists explain climate science to politicians. To others, it means havin ...
How Environmental Pollution from Fossil Fuels can be included in
... The first to warn that an increase in the global temperature could be something to worry about was Gilbert Plass in 1956: “...the temperature from this cause may be so large in several centuries that it will present a serious problem to future generations.” It would take several decades, however, un ...
... The first to warn that an increase in the global temperature could be something to worry about was Gilbert Plass in 1956: “...the temperature from this cause may be so large in several centuries that it will present a serious problem to future generations.” It would take several decades, however, un ...
Solving wicked social problems with socio
... What is the impact of the actions on physical systems (engineering, biological, and earth systems) + Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Mitigation) + Adapt to climate change (Adaptation) + Reduce the warming ...
... What is the impact of the actions on physical systems (engineering, biological, and earth systems) + Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Mitigation) + Adapt to climate change (Adaptation) + Reduce the warming ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Nova Scotia`s Coastal Zone
... • Involves the occupation of coastal land while adjustments are made to human activities and/or infrastructure to accommodate sea level changes, and thereby reduce the overall severity of the impact. ...
... • Involves the occupation of coastal land while adjustments are made to human activities and/or infrastructure to accommodate sea level changes, and thereby reduce the overall severity of the impact. ...
G LO BA L
... on a 1985 data. Our new model is based on a 1995 data and we therefore report estimates in 1995Ê$US. For comparison purposes one therefore must multiply all prices and costs in the previous work by 1.43. We do not address here some of the implications for climate and ecosystems and what these imply ...
... on a 1985 data. Our new model is based on a 1995 data and we therefore report estimates in 1995Ê$US. For comparison purposes one therefore must multiply all prices and costs in the previous work by 1.43. We do not address here some of the implications for climate and ecosystems and what these imply ...
Climate Change and Recreation
... thoughts and questions. Explain (explore) that climate change is the long-term change in weather patterns, such as less annual average precipitation. Then focus the discussion to: What changes have you seen/observed/already know about with regards to changes in recreation? In what ways have changes ...
... thoughts and questions. Explain (explore) that climate change is the long-term change in weather patterns, such as less annual average precipitation. Then focus the discussion to: What changes have you seen/observed/already know about with regards to changes in recreation? In what ways have changes ...
UNITED NATIONS ENVRIONMENT PROGRAM
... main dimensions: social wellbeing, economic development, and environmental protection. Further, the World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere resulted in the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, which was tasked with gathering date and reporting on climate chan ...
... main dimensions: social wellbeing, economic development, and environmental protection. Further, the World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere resulted in the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, which was tasked with gathering date and reporting on climate chan ...
Vegetation Responses to Rapid Climate Change at the Late
... Dust and Ca2+ - dust content: decrease by a factor of 5 or 7 within 40 yrs (plots are reversed) Na+: little change ...
... Dust and Ca2+ - dust content: decrease by a factor of 5 or 7 within 40 yrs (plots are reversed) Na+: little change ...
New Zealand`s Defective Law on Climate Change
... humanly possible and switching from other fossil fuels on a rapid transition path. I found three years as the Minister for the Environment from 1987 until 1990, an extraordinarily enlightening and educational experience. Not only were we grappling with the design of the Resource Management Act 1991, ...
... humanly possible and switching from other fossil fuels on a rapid transition path. I found three years as the Minister for the Environment from 1987 until 1990, an extraordinarily enlightening and educational experience. Not only were we grappling with the design of the Resource Management Act 1991, ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... temperature anomalies in fire-prone regions, the temperature in each 5 5 grid cell is then weighted by the total area burned in that grid cell over the 1959 – 1999 period (Figure 1), and a mean is computed over available data, shown by the red line in Figure 2. Since the weights used are fixed i ...
... temperature anomalies in fire-prone regions, the temperature in each 5 5 grid cell is then weighted by the total area burned in that grid cell over the 1959 – 1999 period (Figure 1), and a mean is computed over available data, shown by the red line in Figure 2. Since the weights used are fixed i ...
Climate and Sockeye Salmon
... 1. Temperature was the most studied factor and covers all the life stages listed -however, not always due to direct effects 2. Salmon greatly influenced by regional climate conditions 3. Different stocks will have different optimum temperatures 4. Climate variables affecting one life stage will carr ...
... 1. Temperature was the most studied factor and covers all the life stages listed -however, not always due to direct effects 2. Salmon greatly influenced by regional climate conditions 3. Different stocks will have different optimum temperatures 4. Climate variables affecting one life stage will carr ...
PPT
... • Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are growing x4 faster since 2000 than during the previous decade, and above the worst case emission scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). • Less Developed Countries are now emitting more carbon than Developed Countries. • The carbon intensity ...
... • Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are growing x4 faster since 2000 than during the previous decade, and above the worst case emission scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). • Less Developed Countries are now emitting more carbon than Developed Countries. • The carbon intensity ...
INCORPORATING CATASTROPHES INTO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT: SCIENCE, IMPACTS, AND ADAPTATION
... Simplifying assumptions are necessary for any modeling exercise. In particular, for policy optimization models that seek to balance the costs and benefits of GHG mitigation, simplifying assumptions are necessary to represent the impact of GHGs on climate and translate these into an aggregate, moneti ...
... Simplifying assumptions are necessary for any modeling exercise. In particular, for policy optimization models that seek to balance the costs and benefits of GHG mitigation, simplifying assumptions are necessary to represent the impact of GHGs on climate and translate these into an aggregate, moneti ...
Stepping up to the challenge
... Six issues facing global climate change and food security There are several complex and interrelated challenges and barriers to achieving global food and nutrition security in an increasingly variable climate. Without urgent action for mitigation and adaptation, the world faces more loss and damage ...
... Six issues facing global climate change and food security There are several complex and interrelated challenges and barriers to achieving global food and nutrition security in an increasingly variable climate. Without urgent action for mitigation and adaptation, the world faces more loss and damage ...
Bild 1
... concept was used: ”global warming” which people read literally… Instead it can be all sorts of erratic weather patterns as part of climate change Draughts, forestfires, flooding, storms … ...
... concept was used: ”global warming” which people read literally… Instead it can be all sorts of erratic weather patterns as part of climate change Draughts, forestfires, flooding, storms … ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: an Overview
... cold, low-salinity water, which increases stratification and prevents warmer interior waters from reaching the surface (Hansen et al., 2016). The surplus of subsurface heat is hence made available to melt ice shelves, which in turn leads, through a positive feedback, to further melt and stratificati ...
... cold, low-salinity water, which increases stratification and prevents warmer interior waters from reaching the surface (Hansen et al., 2016). The surplus of subsurface heat is hence made available to melt ice shelves, which in turn leads, through a positive feedback, to further melt and stratificati ...
Personal Efficacy, the Information Environment
... information to be related to heightened perceptions about the risks of global warming and climate change. Together, these hypotheses are straightforward applications of the knowledge-deficit model to the issue of global warming. But there are reasons to doubt that the knowledge-deficit model will ap ...
... information to be related to heightened perceptions about the risks of global warming and climate change. Together, these hypotheses are straightforward applications of the knowledge-deficit model to the issue of global warming. But there are reasons to doubt that the knowledge-deficit model will ap ...
Development and Climate Change: A Strategic Framework for the
... Full paper for discussion at 2008 Annual Meetings ...
... Full paper for discussion at 2008 Annual Meetings ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.