Global Massive Change
... Management, Organisational Theory and Operational Analysis. It is applied in these domains to understand how organisations or enterprises adapt to their environment. The theory treats organizations and firms as collections of strategies and structures. When organisations or enterprises demonstrate p ...
... Management, Organisational Theory and Operational Analysis. It is applied in these domains to understand how organisations or enterprises adapt to their environment. The theory treats organizations and firms as collections of strategies and structures. When organisations or enterprises demonstrate p ...
Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Scientific
... There is convincing evidence that changes in the earth’s climate are taking place that can not be explained without taking into account human influence, through the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Trends in average conditions are much easier to identify than changes in extremes, largely because ...
... There is convincing evidence that changes in the earth’s climate are taking place that can not be explained without taking into account human influence, through the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Trends in average conditions are much easier to identify than changes in extremes, largely because ...
Warming World
... move up and down through the ocean show an increase in the heat energy stored in the top half-mile of ocean water. ...
... move up and down through the ocean show an increase in the heat energy stored in the top half-mile of ocean water. ...
climate change and indigenous people
... limate change is an all encompassing global problem that is likely to have catastrophic effects on natural and human systems. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) has predicted extreme weather conditions and erratic rainfall patterns in various part of the world along with further cascading effe ...
... limate change is an all encompassing global problem that is likely to have catastrophic effects on natural and human systems. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) has predicted extreme weather conditions and erratic rainfall patterns in various part of the world along with further cascading effe ...
3 - Environmental Intermediate
... The atmosphere is the name for a layer of gases that surround a body of sufficiently large mass. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and held fast if gravity is sufficient (thaerefore mass must be large) and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets (called gas giants) consis ...
... The atmosphere is the name for a layer of gases that surround a body of sufficiently large mass. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and held fast if gravity is sufficient (thaerefore mass must be large) and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets (called gas giants) consis ...
GHG-non-CO2-Clapp
... Provides a consistent and comprehensive estimate of global non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, covering: – All non-CO2 greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, high GWP gases) – Over ninety individual countries and eight regions – all emitting sectors (energy, waste, agriculture, and industrial proce ...
... Provides a consistent and comprehensive estimate of global non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, covering: – All non-CO2 greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, high GWP gases) – Over ninety individual countries and eight regions – all emitting sectors (energy, waste, agriculture, and industrial proce ...
Macro Policies For Climate Change: Free
... Climate Variations and Associated Impacts” assessed the role of carbon dioxide and aerosols in the atmosphere, and concluded that greenhouse gases “are expected” to cause significant warming in the next century and that some warming was inevitable (WMO, 1986). In June 1988, James E. Hansen made one ...
... Climate Variations and Associated Impacts” assessed the role of carbon dioxide and aerosols in the atmosphere, and concluded that greenhouse gases “are expected” to cause significant warming in the next century and that some warming was inevitable (WMO, 1986). In June 1988, James E. Hansen made one ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... the ®rst aerosol indirect RF. One consequence is that it allows positive values for this forcing, which becomes more probable as x decreases. This is not realistic and we believe that the C and D simulations are better representations of Ramaswamy et al. (2001). It is dicult to select a best value ...
... the ®rst aerosol indirect RF. One consequence is that it allows positive values for this forcing, which becomes more probable as x decreases. This is not realistic and we believe that the C and D simulations are better representations of Ramaswamy et al. (2001). It is dicult to select a best value ...
Elemental Geosystems, 5e (Christopherson)
... A) shortwave energy travelling from Earth into space. B) shortwave energy from entering Earth's energy system. C) longwave energy travelling from Earth into space. D) longwave energy from entering Earth's energy system. Answer: 62) The gas that is thought to be responsible for more than half of the ...
... A) shortwave energy travelling from Earth into space. B) shortwave energy from entering Earth's energy system. C) longwave energy travelling from Earth into space. D) longwave energy from entering Earth's energy system. Answer: 62) The gas that is thought to be responsible for more than half of the ...
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org
... • Aerosols can mean more reflection of solar cooler • Aerosols can absorb more solar radiation in the atmosphere heat the atmosphere • In very polluted air they almost act like a “second” surface. They warm the atmosphere, cool the earth’s surface. ...
... • Aerosols can mean more reflection of solar cooler • Aerosols can absorb more solar radiation in the atmosphere heat the atmosphere • In very polluted air they almost act like a “second” surface. They warm the atmosphere, cool the earth’s surface. ...
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
... drivers and potential victims of climate change – human beings and their societies (Bjurström & Polk, 2011). The IPCC has also been dominated by scientists from the global North (Ho-Lem, Zerriffi, & Kandlikar, 2011), leading to worries of bias towards problems and framings which are of greatest conc ...
... drivers and potential victims of climate change – human beings and their societies (Bjurström & Polk, 2011). The IPCC has also been dominated by scientists from the global North (Ho-Lem, Zerriffi, & Kandlikar, 2011), leading to worries of bias towards problems and framings which are of greatest conc ...
The Role of Landscape Processes within the Climate System
... Pielke 2001a). Transformation of increased surface albedo, (as a result of deforestation or desertification), leads to less availability of turbulent energy flux and thus a smaller likelihood of moist convection (e.g., Charney et al. 1977, Sud and Molod 1988, Xue and Shukla 1993). Similar to the sur ...
... Pielke 2001a). Transformation of increased surface albedo, (as a result of deforestation or desertification), leads to less availability of turbulent energy flux and thus a smaller likelihood of moist convection (e.g., Charney et al. 1977, Sud and Molod 1988, Xue and Shukla 1993). Similar to the sur ...
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
... temperature, precipitation, drought and floods. These factors are all susceptible to and influenced by climate change, and hence will impact on the demand, source and quality of Johannesburg’s water supply. In addition, these aspects will also be affected by factors such as urbanisation, migration, ...
... temperature, precipitation, drought and floods. These factors are all susceptible to and influenced by climate change, and hence will impact on the demand, source and quality of Johannesburg’s water supply. In addition, these aspects will also be affected by factors such as urbanisation, migration, ...
Threats to ecosystems in the Wet Tropics due to climate change and
... implication of these changes for management. We used the artificial neural network classifier (Hilbert and van den Muyzenberg 1999) that was previously used to investigate the large expansions, contractions and spatial shifts of the environments of structural forest types in the Wet Tropics bioregio ...
... implication of these changes for management. We used the artificial neural network classifier (Hilbert and van den Muyzenberg 1999) that was previously used to investigate the large expansions, contractions and spatial shifts of the environments of structural forest types in the Wet Tropics bioregio ...
VLAB_CC_CV_SM_ct (1)
... the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. • Change in climate over time can be due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. Source: IPCC 2007 Fourth Assessment Report ...
... the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. • Change in climate over time can be due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. Source: IPCC 2007 Fourth Assessment Report ...
Global Climatic Variation and Energy Use
... with short term controllable anthropogenic or human effects. Humanity is destined to gradually adjust to the natural variation as well as the anthropogenic or human-caused change. Otherwise, the Earth’s feedback mechanisms would predominate, causing global economic, social and political dislocations ...
... with short term controllable anthropogenic or human effects. Humanity is destined to gradually adjust to the natural variation as well as the anthropogenic or human-caused change. Otherwise, the Earth’s feedback mechanisms would predominate, causing global economic, social and political dislocations ...
The politics of accuracy in judging global warming films
... This focus on error stimulated responses from climate scientists and other internet commentators, who now studied the accuracy of the judge’s claims of inaccuracy. For instance, John Shepherd, Professor of Oceanography at Southampton University and Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate C ...
... This focus on error stimulated responses from climate scientists and other internet commentators, who now studied the accuracy of the judge’s claims of inaccuracy. For instance, John Shepherd, Professor of Oceanography at Southampton University and Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate C ...
LNG FUEL CYCLE: IMPACTS Report Number PH3/5 January 1999
... Large in number. Need to be quantified over time. Many uncertainties. Impacts are interrelated with each other and can have a compound effect. Impact sectors are affected by changes other than due to the climate. Lowprobability but high-risk impacts (e.g. switching off the Gulf Stream) need to be de ...
... Large in number. Need to be quantified over time. Many uncertainties. Impacts are interrelated with each other and can have a compound effect. Impact sectors are affected by changes other than due to the climate. Lowprobability but high-risk impacts (e.g. switching off the Gulf Stream) need to be de ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... climate simulation and several sensitivity runs for the period of 1860–2100 with prescribed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B emission scenario. Their results also indicated a positive feedback to global warming from the interactive carb ...
... climate simulation and several sensitivity runs for the period of 1860–2100 with prescribed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B emission scenario. Their results also indicated a positive feedback to global warming from the interactive carb ...
The legacy of climategate
... policy at the national level have been undermined by a confluence of events—from the emergence of the Tea Party movement, to a new Republican majority in the US House of Representatives in the 112th Congress, and the 2012 US Presidential election campaign—which have created a political movement that ...
... policy at the national level have been undermined by a confluence of events—from the emergence of the Tea Party movement, to a new Republican majority in the US House of Representatives in the 112th Congress, and the 2012 US Presidential election campaign—which have created a political movement that ...
Lindzen2014-What Catastrophe.pdf
... “alarmists” prefer to ignore him and instead highlight straw men: less credible skeptics, such as climatologist Roy Spencer of the University of Alabama (signatory to a declaration that “Earth and its ecosystems—created by God’s intelligent design and infinite power and sustained by His faithful pro ...
... “alarmists” prefer to ignore him and instead highlight straw men: less credible skeptics, such as climatologist Roy Spencer of the University of Alabama (signatory to a declaration that “Earth and its ecosystems—created by God’s intelligent design and infinite power and sustained by His faithful pro ...
Polar Bears in a Warming World
... the albedo effect. With abundant sea ice coverage, much of the sun’s energy is reflected back to space, but with increasing amounts of open water, more and more of the sun’s energy is absorbed. Loss of sea ice leads to increased absorption of the sun’s energy and further warming of our climate. Loss ...
... the albedo effect. With abundant sea ice coverage, much of the sun’s energy is reflected back to space, but with increasing amounts of open water, more and more of the sun’s energy is absorbed. Loss of sea ice leads to increased absorption of the sun’s energy and further warming of our climate. Loss ...
Adaptation without borders? - Stockholm Environment Institute
... changes in precipitation extremes and droughts identified as the biggest physical risks. The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another ...
... changes in precipitation extremes and droughts identified as the biggest physical risks. The CDP Supply Chain Report 2012–13 (CDP 2013b), meanwhile, which covers members of the CDP Supply Chain Program, finds that 32% are already feeling the impact of precipitation extremes and droughts, and another ...
Combustion of available fossil fuel resources
... long lifetime of perturbations to atmospheric CO2 concentrations in conjunction with the logarithmic nature of the warming versus CO2 relationship means that global mean temperatures decline by less than 5% per thousand years once more than about 5000 GtC have been emitted. Instead, temperatures rem ...
... long lifetime of perturbations to atmospheric CO2 concentrations in conjunction with the logarithmic nature of the warming versus CO2 relationship means that global mean temperatures decline by less than 5% per thousand years once more than about 5000 GtC have been emitted. Instead, temperatures rem ...
Climate Change - Pacific Science Center
... sinks, take carbon back in. Okay, let’s go back to fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas. We use some of these things for fuels. When we burn the carbon in these things, where do you think it goes? G: Into the atmosphere. P: Into the atmosphere! Donald, take the fossil fuels and put them on your s ...
... sinks, take carbon back in. Okay, let’s go back to fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas. We use some of these things for fuels. When we burn the carbon in these things, where do you think it goes? G: Into the atmosphere. P: Into the atmosphere! Donald, take the fossil fuels and put them on your s ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.