WestminsterResearch Climate change adaptation planning under
... are inextricably linked with climate change, as they are major contributors to it, while also being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Climate change presents a ...
... are inextricably linked with climate change, as they are major contributors to it, while also being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Climate change presents a ...
Peatlands and Climate Change
... peatlands are estimated to be over 600 million t yr-1, which will increase in coming decades, and will continue well beyond the 21st century, unless land management practices and peatland development plans are changed. In addition, between 1997 and 2006 an estimated average of 1400 Mt yr-1 of CO2 em ...
... peatlands are estimated to be over 600 million t yr-1, which will increase in coming decades, and will continue well beyond the 21st century, unless land management practices and peatland development plans are changed. In addition, between 1997 and 2006 an estimated average of 1400 Mt yr-1 of CO2 em ...
Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
... WCRP has encouraged and supported a global scientific enterprise with an enormous quantit y of high-qualit y research. The Programme has helped the world understand the trends and cycles of natural climate change and human-induced greenhouse warming. The success and recognition of the Intergovernmen ...
... WCRP has encouraged and supported a global scientific enterprise with an enormous quantit y of high-qualit y research. The Programme has helped the world understand the trends and cycles of natural climate change and human-induced greenhouse warming. The success and recognition of the Intergovernmen ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
... and peak in DJF and MAM. This is possibly due to high precipitation in boreal winter and spring brought by CP-El Niño (Larkin and Harrison, 2005b; Mo, 2010). During EP-El Niño events (Fig. 4, right panels), NE, PNW, and WNC regions are characterized by positive runoff anomalies throughout the year, ...
... and peak in DJF and MAM. This is possibly due to high precipitation in boreal winter and spring brought by CP-El Niño (Larkin and Harrison, 2005b; Mo, 2010). During EP-El Niño events (Fig. 4, right panels), NE, PNW, and WNC regions are characterized by positive runoff anomalies throughout the year, ...
Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during
... Decreasing temperatures followed, reaching a minimum in 1970–1980 for most stations, but continuing to 1988 for Greenland. Since the 1980s air temperatures have increased in all parts of the Nordic region. Thus, there are some significant regional differences in air temperature trends across the Nort ...
... Decreasing temperatures followed, reaching a minimum in 1970–1980 for most stations, but continuing to 1988 for Greenland. Since the 1980s air temperatures have increased in all parts of the Nordic region. Thus, there are some significant regional differences in air temperature trends across the Nort ...
Vulnerability ofPaci c Island agriculture and forestry to climate change
... the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The region has always been highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability and extreme weather, such as floods, intense rain, droughts and cyclones and these have been the cause of significant production losses to the agriculture and for ...
... the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The region has always been highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability and extreme weather, such as floods, intense rain, droughts and cyclones and these have been the cause of significant production losses to the agriculture and for ...
The endangered Saimaa ringed seal in a changing climate
... 3.3 Predicting the future ............................................................... 39 4 Conclusions................................................................................. 43 5 References ................................................................................... 45 Appendix ...
... 3.3 Predicting the future ............................................................... 39 4 Conclusions................................................................................. 43 5 References ................................................................................... 45 Appendix ...
Adaptation of Forests and People to Climate Change – A global
... Box 6.1 Community forest management as an option for adaptation of forest-dependent people in the tropical rainforests of Latin America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Box 6.2 Fire and drought in southern Africa . . . . . . . . ...
... Box 6.1 Community forest management as an option for adaptation of forest-dependent people in the tropical rainforests of Latin America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Box 6.2 Fire and drought in southern Africa . . . . . . . . ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Adapting to the
... • What are the major scientific and technological advances needed to better understand and respond to climate change? • What are the major impediments (e.g., practical, institutional, economic, ethical, intergenerational, etc.) to responding effectively to climate change, and what can be done to o ...
... • What are the major scientific and technological advances needed to better understand and respond to climate change? • What are the major impediments (e.g., practical, institutional, economic, ethical, intergenerational, etc.) to responding effectively to climate change, and what can be done to o ...
Science Plan for COAT: Climate-Ecological Observatory for Arctic
... with intact ecosystem functions and endemic biodiversity of great fundamental and societal significance. Yet the arctic tundra is predicted to become more challenged by climate change than any other terrestrial biome. Global circulation models (GCMs) project an average temperature increase in the Ar ...
... with intact ecosystem functions and endemic biodiversity of great fundamental and societal significance. Yet the arctic tundra is predicted to become more challenged by climate change than any other terrestrial biome. Global circulation models (GCMs) project an average temperature increase in the Ar ...
The dependence of clear-sky outgoing long
... Outgoing long-wave radiation to space (OLR) is the fundamental cooling mechanism of the earth-atmosphere system. Knowledge of its dependence on surface and atmospheric parameters is therefore required for a quantitative understanding of the climate and of climate change. The response of the climate ...
... Outgoing long-wave radiation to space (OLR) is the fundamental cooling mechanism of the earth-atmosphere system. Knowledge of its dependence on surface and atmospheric parameters is therefore required for a quantitative understanding of the climate and of climate change. The response of the climate ...
PDF
... geologic containment conditions. Many fossil-fuel-retaining reservoirs that existed long ago, or past oil and natural gas fields in statu nascendi, have probably disappeared over time (Deffeyes, 2005). This observation confirms that leakage back into the atmosphere of artificially stored CO2 is a ph ...
... geologic containment conditions. Many fossil-fuel-retaining reservoirs that existed long ago, or past oil and natural gas fields in statu nascendi, have probably disappeared over time (Deffeyes, 2005). This observation confirms that leakage back into the atmosphere of artificially stored CO2 is a ph ...
protected areas and climate change in canada
... Climate change has sufficiently begun to impact critical, once relatively stable climate regimes to now garner worldwide attention as the most serious environmental concern of the 21st century. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and Canada’s na ...
... Climate change has sufficiently begun to impact critical, once relatively stable climate regimes to now garner worldwide attention as the most serious environmental concern of the 21st century. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and Canada’s na ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the
... science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the Nationa ...
... science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the Nationa ...
the publication
... flows at the top of atmosphere, referred to as radiative forcing. There is ample evidence that at least in the last few millennia radiative forcing and climate change are linked in an approximate linear way. This implies that the change in weather statistics can be described in terms of changes in s ...
... flows at the top of atmosphere, referred to as radiative forcing. There is ample evidence that at least in the last few millennia radiative forcing and climate change are linked in an approximate linear way. This implies that the change in weather statistics can be described in terms of changes in s ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... tourism sector to rapidly respond to climate change if it is to develop in a sustainable manner, which will require actions to: mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the tourism sector, derived especially from transport and accommodation activities; adapt tourism businesses and destinations to chan ...
... tourism sector to rapidly respond to climate change if it is to develop in a sustainable manner, which will require actions to: mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the tourism sector, derived especially from transport and accommodation activities; adapt tourism businesses and destinations to chan ...
PDF
... First of all, the amount of dollars that are spent on adaptation may be above or below what is optimal. For example lack of funding can form a significant barrier to adaptation. In this case the amount one can spend to avoid gross damages is limited. Many forms of adaptation need initial investments ...
... First of all, the amount of dollars that are spent on adaptation may be above or below what is optimal. For example lack of funding can form a significant barrier to adaptation. In this case the amount one can spend to avoid gross damages is limited. Many forms of adaptation need initial investments ...
Macarthy, J.M. 12 - Newcastle University eTheses: Home
... Much of the climate change literature is replete with discussions about the potential impact of climate change on cities. Whilst urban planners are increasingly being urged to develop robust and clear strategies for dealing with the impacts, in reality there is very little knowledge about the way th ...
... Much of the climate change literature is replete with discussions about the potential impact of climate change on cities. Whilst urban planners are increasingly being urged to develop robust and clear strategies for dealing with the impacts, in reality there is very little knowledge about the way th ...
H1. Epistemic community influence on policymaking is probable if
... Despite the unfavorable odds, the most comprehensive global climate deal ever was made in November 2015 in Paris. In total, 195 states and the European Union (EU) were represented at the summit (the 21st Conference of the Parties, or COP21). The result, the Paris Agreement, was hailed as a great suc ...
... Despite the unfavorable odds, the most comprehensive global climate deal ever was made in November 2015 in Paris. In total, 195 states and the European Union (EU) were represented at the summit (the 21st Conference of the Parties, or COP21). The result, the Paris Agreement, was hailed as a great suc ...
Review and Analysis of CAPA and LAPA
... Climate Change Adaptation can be defined as adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC 2001). Adapting to the changes has consequently emerged as a solution to address the impacts of climate change that ...
... Climate Change Adaptation can be defined as adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC 2001). Adapting to the changes has consequently emerged as a solution to address the impacts of climate change that ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems
... 3.4. Societal response: Managing change—it can be done. Adaptation and mitigation responses for ecosystems .............................................................................................. 3-35 3.5. Critical gaps in knowledge, research, and data needs ................................... ...
... 3.4. Societal response: Managing change—it can be done. Adaptation and mitigation responses for ecosystems .............................................................................................. 3-35 3.5. Critical gaps in knowledge, research, and data needs ................................... ...
South America - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... variability, important changes in the climate have been observed in recent decades. Rainfall has been increasing in south-east Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Argentinean Pampas, but decreasing in southern Chile, south-western Argentina and southern Peru. Temperatures increases of 0.5° to 1°C have ...
... variability, important changes in the climate have been observed in recent decades. Rainfall has been increasing in south-east Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Argentinean Pampas, but decreasing in southern Chile, south-western Argentina and southern Peru. Temperatures increases of 0.5° to 1°C have ...
Tripura - Ministry of Environment and Forests
... the philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”, the universe as a family. The state is always committed towards protecting its natural resources which acts as an insurance cover against the catastrophic disruption of life due to the impacts of climate change. In the light of risk and impact assessment hi ...
... the philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”, the universe as a family. The state is always committed towards protecting its natural resources which acts as an insurance cover against the catastrophic disruption of life due to the impacts of climate change. In the light of risk and impact assessment hi ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.