Mediterranean ecosystems facing global change : resilient or close
... functional responses that affect the plant water budget and hence the leaf moisture content on one hand, and the biomass of leaves and twigs, two major components driving biomass combustibility, on the other hand. Adjusting leaf area to limit water loss and fine fuel would then decrease fire risk in ...
... functional responses that affect the plant water budget and hence the leaf moisture content on one hand, and the biomass of leaves and twigs, two major components driving biomass combustibility, on the other hand. Adjusting leaf area to limit water loss and fine fuel would then decrease fire risk in ...
SUBSTITUTION OF NATURAL GAS FOR COAL: CLIMATIC
... higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 1996). In this study, we use the replacement of coal use by natural gas in the e ...
... higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 1996). In this study, we use the replacement of coal use by natural gas in the e ...
Status of the international climate change negotiations
... Scientific and political context for climate change negotiations Overview of the negotiations : from Kyoto to Copenhagen Main issues in the post-2012 negotiations Outcomes of Copenhagen and outlook to Cancun UNFCCC secretariat in supporting the negotiations ...
... Scientific and political context for climate change negotiations Overview of the negotiations : from Kyoto to Copenhagen Main issues in the post-2012 negotiations Outcomes of Copenhagen and outlook to Cancun UNFCCC secretariat in supporting the negotiations ...
to open - Gifted Leadership Services
... An independent, non-profit organization that campaigns for positive change to protect the natural world and promote peace. Originally known as ‘Greenpeace Foundation’ and was initially founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971, to oppose the USA testing nuclear devices in Alaska before it changed it ...
... An independent, non-profit organization that campaigns for positive change to protect the natural world and promote peace. Originally known as ‘Greenpeace Foundation’ and was initially founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971, to oppose the USA testing nuclear devices in Alaska before it changed it ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming. Higher global surface temperatures in turn result in changes to Earth’s climate system, including increased ocean temperature and acidity, reduced sea ice, variable preci ...
... in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming. Higher global surface temperatures in turn result in changes to Earth’s climate system, including increased ocean temperature and acidity, reduced sea ice, variable preci ...
Carbon Markets and New Market Mechanisms
... made the least use of the international mechanisms such as the CDM to reduce carbon emissions, particularly in the energy intensive sectors so dominant in the South African economy. In addition, when compared to its peers, South Africa lags far behind countries such as China and India on the levels ...
... made the least use of the international mechanisms such as the CDM to reduce carbon emissions, particularly in the energy intensive sectors so dominant in the South African economy. In addition, when compared to its peers, South Africa lags far behind countries such as China and India on the levels ...
What is dangerous climate change?
... to be severe if CO2 fertilization of crop production is low but small to modest if CO2 fertilization is high. Avoidance of the risks to food production identified for the 2-2.5°C warming range, if defined as dangerous in relation to Article 2 of the UNFCCC, implies that global mean temperatures woul ...
... to be severe if CO2 fertilization of crop production is low but small to modest if CO2 fertilization is high. Avoidance of the risks to food production identified for the 2-2.5°C warming range, if defined as dangerous in relation to Article 2 of the UNFCCC, implies that global mean temperatures woul ...
Climate change drives a shift in peatland ecosystem plant
... plant community structure is predicted to change under future climate change, making the quantification of the direction and magnitude of this change a research priority. We subjected intact, replicated vegetated poor fen peat monoliths to elevated temperatures, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
... plant community structure is predicted to change under future climate change, making the quantification of the direction and magnitude of this change a research priority. We subjected intact, replicated vegetated poor fen peat monoliths to elevated temperatures, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know
... 2003). So too says the American Geophysical Union: ‘‘Scientific evidence strongly indicates that natural influences cannot explain the rapid increase in global near-surface temperatures observed during the second half of the 20th century’’ (American Geophysical Union Council 2003). Likewise the Americ ...
... 2003). So too says the American Geophysical Union: ‘‘Scientific evidence strongly indicates that natural influences cannot explain the rapid increase in global near-surface temperatures observed during the second half of the 20th century’’ (American Geophysical Union Council 2003). Likewise the Americ ...
Global warming in the public sphere
... Maslin (2004) points out that the discovery of the greenhouse effect was an ‘accidental affair’. The major aim of both Arrhenius and Chamberlin’s work was to offer a theory that might explain the rise (and fall) of the great ice ages. It was not until 1987 that the Antarctic Vostok ice core results ...
... Maslin (2004) points out that the discovery of the greenhouse effect was an ‘accidental affair’. The major aim of both Arrhenius and Chamberlin’s work was to offer a theory that might explain the rise (and fall) of the great ice ages. It was not until 1987 that the Antarctic Vostok ice core results ...
View/Open
... Climate variation and change can have significant impacts on agricultural production, forcing farmers to adopt new practices in response to altered conditions. Higher temperatures, changes in precipitation and increased climate variability can affect agriculture, forestry and rural areas. Considerab ...
... Climate variation and change can have significant impacts on agricultural production, forcing farmers to adopt new practices in response to altered conditions. Higher temperatures, changes in precipitation and increased climate variability can affect agriculture, forestry and rural areas. Considerab ...
EIR Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... combined, result in adverse changes to the environment. In determining the significance of a proposed project’s contribution to anticipated adverse future conditions, a lead agency should generally undertake a two‐step analysis. The first question is whether the combined effects from both the prop ...
... combined, result in adverse changes to the environment. In determining the significance of a proposed project’s contribution to anticipated adverse future conditions, a lead agency should generally undertake a two‐step analysis. The first question is whether the combined effects from both the prop ...
Assessment of impacts of climate change on rice and wheat in the
... 45oC and above annually. In fact, projections indicate that by 2080, substantial number of days will be having maximum temperatures above 50 oC, particularly in north India. Such trends are more in A2 scenario than in B2 scenario. Further, the maximum temperatures are projected to rise in winter sea ...
... 45oC and above annually. In fact, projections indicate that by 2080, substantial number of days will be having maximum temperatures above 50 oC, particularly in north India. Such trends are more in A2 scenario than in B2 scenario. Further, the maximum temperatures are projected to rise in winter sea ...
Report
... A large and growing body of evidence suggests that the Earth’s climate is changing and that this change is being caused by human activity. Global temperature readings reveal that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an add ...
... A large and growing body of evidence suggests that the Earth’s climate is changing and that this change is being caused by human activity. Global temperature readings reveal that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an add ...
Climate change, ocean processes and ocean iron fertilization
... Recent assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have documented the increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities and their causal link with global warming. The preferred mitigation measure to reverse the rise in atmospheric CO2 ...
... Recent assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have documented the increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities and their causal link with global warming. The preferred mitigation measure to reverse the rise in atmospheric CO2 ...
Slide 1
... Limitations of Prescribing SSTs • Prescribed SST anomaly (i.e., AMIP-type) experiments are most effective when the ocean is primarily forcing the atmosphere. (Tropical surface heating → anomalous convection → atmospheric teleconnection patterns.) • Prescribed SST experiments are also useful in isol ...
... Limitations of Prescribing SSTs • Prescribed SST anomaly (i.e., AMIP-type) experiments are most effective when the ocean is primarily forcing the atmosphere. (Tropical surface heating → anomalous convection → atmospheric teleconnection patterns.) • Prescribed SST experiments are also useful in isol ...
Thesis Population dynamics and climate change
... It is important to recognize two distinct ways in which population issues can be linked to climate change: mitigation (reducing the greenhouse gases that cause climate change) and adaptation (reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change). Few experts doubt the importance of popula ...
... It is important to recognize two distinct ways in which population issues can be linked to climate change: mitigation (reducing the greenhouse gases that cause climate change) and adaptation (reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change). Few experts doubt the importance of popula ...
21st Century Reversal of the Surface Ozone Seasonal Cycle over
... Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Climate change penalty predominantly affects surface O3 during the photochemically active season, May-September, in regions with sufficiently high anthropogenic NOx emissions ...
... Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Climate change penalty predominantly affects surface O3 during the photochemically active season, May-September, in regions with sufficiently high anthropogenic NOx emissions ...
Chapter 4 Plant Vulnerabilities and Genetic Adaptation Bryce A. Richardson
... Breshears and others (2005) showed that this drought coincided with warmer temperatures not seen in previous droughts during the Twentieth Century. Similarly, Rehfeldt and others (2009) used weather station data to show that the changes in climate variables important in predicting aspen (Populus tre ...
... Breshears and others (2005) showed that this drought coincided with warmer temperatures not seen in previous droughts during the Twentieth Century. Similarly, Rehfeldt and others (2009) used weather station data to show that the changes in climate variables important in predicting aspen (Populus tre ...
the impact of us population growth on global climate change
... produced by human activity. However, naturally occurring CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by plant and forest growth (photosynthesis), as well as by the oceans where CO2 is dissolved and converted to carbolic acid. As a result of this natural balance, geologists find that carbon dioxide levels rem ...
... produced by human activity. However, naturally occurring CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by plant and forest growth (photosynthesis), as well as by the oceans where CO2 is dissolved and converted to carbolic acid. As a result of this natural balance, geologists find that carbon dioxide levels rem ...
⢠News in Brief 1 ⢠Graduate Studies Program 3 - IMK - IFU
... corresponding response capacities of rural livelihoods. Over the last 2 years, we developed an approach and applied existing tools and methods for an indicatorbased vulnerability and risk assessment targeted at floods and droughts taking into consideration different geographical and decision-making ...
... corresponding response capacities of rural livelihoods. Over the last 2 years, we developed an approach and applied existing tools and methods for an indicatorbased vulnerability and risk assessment targeted at floods and droughts taking into consideration different geographical and decision-making ...
Inadequacies and criticisms of the Intergovernmental Panel on
... assessing the options for adapting to or mitigating climate change; and providing advice, both scientific and socio-economic, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Because the Framework Convention defines "climate change" as that change which is due to human activity ...
... assessing the options for adapting to or mitigating climate change; and providing advice, both scientific and socio-economic, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Because the Framework Convention defines "climate change" as that change which is due to human activity ...
Bond DEG timeline and priorities 2015 Contents Purpose Work plan
... International level. For example how the UK allocates the UK International Climate Fund plays an important role in informing the sourcing and spending of climate finance by other countries and institutions in the future. The UK’s retention of the 0.7% of GDP to aid commitment despite the economic do ...
... International level. For example how the UK allocates the UK International Climate Fund plays an important role in informing the sourcing and spending of climate finance by other countries and institutions in the future. The UK’s retention of the 0.7% of GDP to aid commitment despite the economic do ...
Template
... The threats from climate change demand a range of responses that may be broadly classified as mitigation and adaptation strategies. Mitigation refers to the reduction of climate change impacts via broad scale behaviour change. Mitigation strategies principally rely on impacts of climate change being ...
... The threats from climate change demand a range of responses that may be broadly classified as mitigation and adaptation strategies. Mitigation refers to the reduction of climate change impacts via broad scale behaviour change. Mitigation strategies principally rely on impacts of climate change being ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.