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... social development goals. Assuming limited constraints on use, it is expected that fossil fuels will continue to supply much of the associated additional energy demands, leading to a rapid increase in global greenhouse gas emissions. Although considerable uncertainty exists about projected future le ...
... social development goals. Assuming limited constraints on use, it is expected that fossil fuels will continue to supply much of the associated additional energy demands, leading to a rapid increase in global greenhouse gas emissions. Although considerable uncertainty exists about projected future le ...
Adapting portfolios to climate change
... failure as current fossil fuel prices arguably do not reflect the true costs of their extraction and use. Higher carbon prices could minimize the economic costs of reducing emissions, incentivize companies to innovate and help investors quantify climate factors. We see them as a scenario investors s ...
... failure as current fossil fuel prices arguably do not reflect the true costs of their extraction and use. Higher carbon prices could minimize the economic costs of reducing emissions, incentivize companies to innovate and help investors quantify climate factors. We see them as a scenario investors s ...
Towards Climate Change Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
... Developing Policies and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region It is established scientific knowledge that the climate is already changing and an increase in the average global surface temperature can be observed. There is wide agreement that this trend of global warming is ...
... Developing Policies and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region It is established scientific knowledge that the climate is already changing and an increase in the average global surface temperature can be observed. There is wide agreement that this trend of global warming is ...
Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in high
... Abstract. With human-induced climate change leading to amplified warming in high latitudes, mitigation alone is unlikely to be rapid enough to prevent significant, even irreversible, impacts. Model simulations in which solar insolation was arbitrarily reduced poleward of 51, 61, or 71◦ latitude in o ...
... Abstract. With human-induced climate change leading to amplified warming in high latitudes, mitigation alone is unlikely to be rapid enough to prevent significant, even irreversible, impacts. Model simulations in which solar insolation was arbitrarily reduced poleward of 51, 61, or 71◦ latitude in o ...
Adapting portfolios to climate change
... the bottom right. Coordinated action is key, since carbon emissions do not respect national borders. Emissions are a global problem. ...
... the bottom right. Coordinated action is key, since carbon emissions do not respect national borders. Emissions are a global problem. ...
relevant, immediate, local: guide to communicating climate change
... of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate change is based on belief rather than scientific evidence; and b) there is a debate. These phrases are also often u ...
... of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate change is based on belief rather than scientific evidence; and b) there is a debate. These phrases are also often u ...
Winter Sports and Climate Change
... adaptation strategies such as increased snowmaking, would likely protect most of Canada’s ski areas and allow them to remain open for the majority of their winter seasons. For ice skating and pond hockey on the Rideau Canal, aggressive action to reduce emissions could likely preserve more than 70 pe ...
... adaptation strategies such as increased snowmaking, would likely protect most of Canada’s ski areas and allow them to remain open for the majority of their winter seasons. For ice skating and pond hockey on the Rideau Canal, aggressive action to reduce emissions could likely preserve more than 70 pe ...
Phenology and Climate Change
... source that may be collected by any of armature naturalist in our country. If we start now we can select some sensitive and indicator species in future that will be useful for detecting climate change. This is also required for conservation planning of our critical ecosystem that might be disrupted ...
... source that may be collected by any of armature naturalist in our country. If we start now we can select some sensitive and indicator species in future that will be useful for detecting climate change. This is also required for conservation planning of our critical ecosystem that might be disrupted ...
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... The average temperature of the planet has increased by 0.74 °C since 1900. A similar trend is seen right here in the City of Windsor. “And now our world is different. The climate has been permanently altered and is on an escalating vector of change, not because of what we are going to put into the a ...
... The average temperature of the planet has increased by 0.74 °C since 1900. A similar trend is seen right here in the City of Windsor. “And now our world is different. The climate has been permanently altered and is on an escalating vector of change, not because of what we are going to put into the a ...
Climate change and vulnerability: Pushing people over the
... poor they may be but also considers whether the societal and governance structures where they live can help them to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Using data from the World Risk Report4 on environmental degradation and disasters to give a picture of vulnerability, and cross-referencing this ...
... poor they may be but also considers whether the societal and governance structures where they live can help them to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Using data from the World Risk Report4 on environmental degradation and disasters to give a picture of vulnerability, and cross-referencing this ...
Global patterns in lake ecosystem responses to warming based on
... (7 year), and Atitlan (8 year). To ascertain how metabolic rates in lakes are expected to respond to warming, we substituted time series of temperature measurements from the surface and near the bottom of the deepest point of each lake for T in the Boltzmann–Arrhenius equations (Eqn 1). Prior to the ...
... (7 year), and Atitlan (8 year). To ascertain how metabolic rates in lakes are expected to respond to warming, we substituted time series of temperature measurements from the surface and near the bottom of the deepest point of each lake for T in the Boltzmann–Arrhenius equations (Eqn 1). Prior to the ...
Powerpoint - Climate Finance and Markets
... Adaptation Debt • Impacts have real-world economic and development impacts • Responsibility to compensate all damages • Full compensation for the negative impacts and opportunity costs • Investment (with funding and technology) in the prevention of major impacts ...
... Adaptation Debt • Impacts have real-world economic and development impacts • Responsibility to compensate all damages • Full compensation for the negative impacts and opportunity costs • Investment (with funding and technology) in the prevention of major impacts ...
The African Climate Solution Unlocking Africa`s Potential in the
... The Initiative stems from the recognition of the seriousness of the challenge posed by climate change, which was re-iterated by the African Heads of State and Government at the African Union Summit in January 2007. The Heads of State and Government called on all stakeholders including governments, p ...
... The Initiative stems from the recognition of the seriousness of the challenge posed by climate change, which was re-iterated by the African Heads of State and Government at the African Union Summit in January 2007. The Heads of State and Government called on all stakeholders including governments, p ...
WSB 8/5/1 Task Group Climate page 1 Agenda Item: 5 Subject
... Wadden Sea region may increase among 2.0 and 4.7 degrees Celsius until the end of this century. Water temperatures in the Wadden Sea are already increasing and are expected to increase further. Due to the high uncertainty regarding the magnitude and direction of the above climate change aspects, as ...
... Wadden Sea region may increase among 2.0 and 4.7 degrees Celsius until the end of this century. Water temperatures in the Wadden Sea are already increasing and are expected to increase further. Due to the high uncertainty regarding the magnitude and direction of the above climate change aspects, as ...
Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the
... at the global scale’ and that ‘there is medium confidence that anthropogenic influences have contributed to intensification of extreme precipitation at the global scale’. Additionally, Peterson et al . (2012) documented how anthropogenic climate change is altering the odds of extreme events occurrin ...
... at the global scale’ and that ‘there is medium confidence that anthropogenic influences have contributed to intensification of extreme precipitation at the global scale’. Additionally, Peterson et al . (2012) documented how anthropogenic climate change is altering the odds of extreme events occurrin ...
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... 10 K.W. Kapp, The Social Costs of Private Enterprise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950). After realising that the communist economies were certainly no better, Kapp reworked this book as The Social Costs of Business Enterprise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963). Kapp’s difficulties ...
... 10 K.W. Kapp, The Social Costs of Private Enterprise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950). After realising that the communist economies were certainly no better, Kapp reworked this book as The Social Costs of Business Enterprise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963). Kapp’s difficulties ...
Globalization, Climate Change, and Human Health
... northern latitudes.33,34 Additional warming of another 0.7°C is locked in from the extra radiative energy already absorbed by the lower atmosphere and, in turn, by the oceans, though not yet manifested as surface warming. An average rise of 4°C would return Earth’s temperature to a level not experie ...
... northern latitudes.33,34 Additional warming of another 0.7°C is locked in from the extra radiative energy already absorbed by the lower atmosphere and, in turn, by the oceans, though not yet manifested as surface warming. An average rise of 4°C would return Earth’s temperature to a level not experie ...
chapter eight climate change, northern subsistence and land based
... events and unusual fluctuations create safety hazards as well as adaptation problems, and little is known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler perio ...
... events and unusual fluctuations create safety hazards as well as adaptation problems, and little is known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler perio ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change - European Commission
... Establishing Natura 2000 - a ‘nature infrastructure’ – is crucial, but resilience and adaptation will also require actions outside the Natura 2000 network to enhance connectivity and coherence, including through habitat restoration and creation (‘re-wilding’) - facilitating the movement and dispersa ...
... Establishing Natura 2000 - a ‘nature infrastructure’ – is crucial, but resilience and adaptation will also require actions outside the Natura 2000 network to enhance connectivity and coherence, including through habitat restoration and creation (‘re-wilding’) - facilitating the movement and dispersa ...
Discounting and climate change - a non-marginal policy choice
... capita on a path where greenhouse gas emissions are uncontrolled (i=b where b stands for ‘business-asusual’), resulting in climate change that has a non-marginal effect on consumption per capita and hence utility per capita both through the costs of adaptation and especially through residual impacts ...
... capita on a path where greenhouse gas emissions are uncontrolled (i=b where b stands for ‘business-asusual’), resulting in climate change that has a non-marginal effect on consumption per capita and hence utility per capita both through the costs of adaptation and especially through residual impacts ...
The relative increase of record high maximum
... in the first part of the record. In particular the position of the dots relative to the theoretical line ...
... in the first part of the record. In particular the position of the dots relative to the theoretical line ...
Chapter 3
... • Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap outgoing heat but do not impede incoming sunlight • The GHE of various gases: • Water vapor: 50% - 67% • Clouds: 0% - 25% • Carbon dioxide: 19% - 24% • Others: 7% - 9% • Water vapor is naturally cycled into and out of the atmosphere on a relatively short time cycle so ...
... • Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap outgoing heat but do not impede incoming sunlight • The GHE of various gases: • Water vapor: 50% - 67% • Clouds: 0% - 25% • Carbon dioxide: 19% - 24% • Others: 7% - 9% • Water vapor is naturally cycled into and out of the atmosphere on a relatively short time cycle so ...
Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS)/ Climate and Cryosphere
... 6. How well can cycling of carbon through the Earth system be modeled, and how reliable are predictions of future atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane by these models? ...
... 6. How well can cycling of carbon through the Earth system be modeled, and how reliable are predictions of future atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane by these models? ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.