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Problem 1. The windows on an old tram look like shown in the
Problem 1. The windows on an old tram look like shown in the

... Solution. Firstly, observe that there are no villains sitting next to each other: if that was the case, another villain would have to sit on either side, next to this one another one etc., implying that no superheroes are present, which is not true because the statement says that there is at least o ...
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Applied Statistics : Practical 11

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Remarks on Numerical Experiments of the Allen

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Modified and Ensemble Intelligent Water Drop

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General setting of the interpolation problem (with respect to the

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Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with Reward

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Nonlinear Root Finding and a Glimpse at Optimization

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Inverse problem

An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating an image in computer tomography, source reconstructing in acoustics, or calculating the density of the Earth from measurements of its gravity field.It is called an inverse problem because it starts with the results and then calculates the causes. This is the inverse of a forward problem, which starts with the causes and then calculates the results.Inverse problems are some of the most important mathematical problems in science and mathematics because they tell us about parameters that we cannot directly observe. They have wide application in optics, radar, acoustics, communication theory, signal processing, medical imaging, computer vision, geophysics, oceanography, astronomy, remote sensing, natural language processing, machine learning, nondestructive testing, and many other fields.
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