Mapping institutional fragmentation in the climate governance
... international relations” (Orsini, Morin, and Young 2013). Using institutions may indeed cause an information overload, however, there is a larger risk of excluding transnational institutions which currently are appears to be treated as intervening variables in regime research. In the end, the choice ...
... international relations” (Orsini, Morin, and Young 2013). Using institutions may indeed cause an information overload, however, there is a larger risk of excluding transnational institutions which currently are appears to be treated as intervening variables in regime research. In the end, the choice ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... rate of close to four percent over the last 20 years. Its urban population of 335 million now exceeds the total population of the United States. Nevertheless, almost two-thirds of Africa’s population still lives in rural areas. How urbanization evolves in Africa over the next decades will determine ...
... rate of close to four percent over the last 20 years. Its urban population of 335 million now exceeds the total population of the United States. Nevertheless, almost two-thirds of Africa’s population still lives in rural areas. How urbanization evolves in Africa over the next decades will determine ...
Dissemination of information on climate change: a case study KwaNgwanase in KwaZulu-Natal
... Technologies (ICTs) and climate change Despite all these adaptive efforts and strategies, geographic distance could result in the delayed dissemination of urgent information in rural areas. While the contribution of traditional ways for the prediction of climate change is acknowledged, the diffusion ...
... Technologies (ICTs) and climate change Despite all these adaptive efforts and strategies, geographic distance could result in the delayed dissemination of urgent information in rural areas. While the contribution of traditional ways for the prediction of climate change is acknowledged, the diffusion ...
Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short
... reductions in our study is smaller than reported previously, possibly because our study is one of the first to use fully coupled climate models, where unforced variability and sea ice responses cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may counteract (and, thus, mask) the impacts of smal ...
... reductions in our study is smaller than reported previously, possibly because our study is one of the first to use fully coupled climate models, where unforced variability and sea ice responses cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may counteract (and, thus, mask) the impacts of smal ...
FAQs - A Convention For Persons Displaced By Climate Change
... deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate change. ...
... deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate change. ...
Market and policy driven adaptation: an alternative perspective. Smart Solutions to Climate Change (opens in new window)
... Mitigation and Adaptation are Complements, but Making the Tradeoff is Hard While the short-term need for adaptation is pretty much predetermined, there is policy flexibility in the longer term. At least conceptually, policy makers may choose between different combinations of adaptation and mitigatio ...
... Mitigation and Adaptation are Complements, but Making the Tradeoff is Hard While the short-term need for adaptation is pretty much predetermined, there is policy flexibility in the longer term. At least conceptually, policy makers may choose between different combinations of adaptation and mitigatio ...
PDF
... to increased drying conditions during the late-spring and summer growing season across much of the U.S. Climate projections also suggest the potential for more extreme weather events, with greater storm intensity and increased frequency and severity of drought. A changing water cycle will have diffe ...
... to increased drying conditions during the late-spring and summer growing season across much of the U.S. Climate projections also suggest the potential for more extreme weather events, with greater storm intensity and increased frequency and severity of drought. A changing water cycle will have diffe ...
Cost Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
... precipitation levels and a decrease in winter snowfall (Bush et al., 2014). Global climate models indicate that many of these trends will continue as the climate continues to change in Canada (IPCC, 2014). By 2050, average annual air temperature during the summer months is expected to increase by 1. ...
... precipitation levels and a decrease in winter snowfall (Bush et al., 2014). Global climate models indicate that many of these trends will continue as the climate continues to change in Canada (IPCC, 2014). By 2050, average annual air temperature during the summer months is expected to increase by 1. ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-i ...
... • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-i ...
On forced temperature changes, internal variability
... CMIP5-GISS (Figure 2b), and CMIP5-Full (Figure 2c) estimates of forced temperature change. Also shown are the multidecadally smoothed versions of the series, which serve as estimates of the true NH mean projection of the AMO. We compare these series with the residual series obtained by a linear detr ...
... CMIP5-GISS (Figure 2b), and CMIP5-Full (Figure 2c) estimates of forced temperature change. Also shown are the multidecadally smoothed versions of the series, which serve as estimates of the true NH mean projection of the AMO. We compare these series with the residual series obtained by a linear detr ...
A Sign of Things to Come? Examining four major climate
... climate change is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of heatwaves and heavy rainfall events, due to rising global temperatures and the ability of warmer air to hold more water vapour. However, it will never be possible to say that any specific event, including the four events analysed ...
... climate change is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of heatwaves and heavy rainfall events, due to rising global temperatures and the ability of warmer air to hold more water vapour. However, it will never be possible to say that any specific event, including the four events analysed ...
Effects of Climate Change in Amphibians and Reptiles
... 2) the increase of the dry season length, 3) decrease of soil moisture (due changes of precipitation and temperature rise), and 4) increase in rainfall variation. This would affect organisms at population and community levels. As an example Carey & Bryant (1995) found that the individual growth rate ...
... 2) the increase of the dry season length, 3) decrease of soil moisture (due changes of precipitation and temperature rise), and 4) increase in rainfall variation. This would affect organisms at population and community levels. As an example Carey & Bryant (1995) found that the individual growth rate ...
Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat
... Impacts for major wheat-producing countries To understand how the different methods project such similar temperature impacts on global wheat yields, we disaggregated the temperature impacts to the national scale. Point-based and gridbased simulations were compared for 97 countries (Fig. 2a). General ...
... Impacts for major wheat-producing countries To understand how the different methods project such similar temperature impacts on global wheat yields, we disaggregated the temperature impacts to the national scale. Point-based and gridbased simulations were compared for 97 countries (Fig. 2a). General ...
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate
... remain yet unknown. Model studies generally employ freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic to mimic D/O-like fluctuations (e.g. Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001), but the ultimate source of such a forcing has not been identified. Alternatively, a Southern Ocean origin of abrupt climate changes has al ...
... remain yet unknown. Model studies generally employ freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic to mimic D/O-like fluctuations (e.g. Ganopolski and Rahmstorf, 2001), but the ultimate source of such a forcing has not been identified. Alternatively, a Southern Ocean origin of abrupt climate changes has al ...
US Virgin Islands Climate Change Ecosystem
... actions to protect people from the impacts of climate change is to preserve, enhance and restore natural systems that provide critical protection from the elements, or that provide food, water or work opportunities. Ecosystem-based adaptation, or nature-based adaptation to climate change, is a holis ...
... actions to protect people from the impacts of climate change is to preserve, enhance and restore natural systems that provide critical protection from the elements, or that provide food, water or work opportunities. Ecosystem-based adaptation, or nature-based adaptation to climate change, is a holis ...
Proposal for funding for the Preparation of
... development issues that the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is seriously addressing. The RGC is very much aware and concerned about environmental degradation and global warming and their detrimental effects, particularly to an LDC like Cambodia. How climate change will impact on agriculture is a ...
... development issues that the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is seriously addressing. The RGC is very much aware and concerned about environmental degradation and global warming and their detrimental effects, particularly to an LDC like Cambodia. How climate change will impact on agriculture is a ...
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration to Climate
... with climate warming, even though this is sometimes assumed to be the case. The physical basis of the simple scaling is weaker over land than ocean (Held and Soden 2006), and recent studies have found that it fails to capture simulated changes in P−E over land (Roderick et al. 2014) and is not confi ...
... with climate warming, even though this is sometimes assumed to be the case. The physical basis of the simple scaling is weaker over land than ocean (Held and Soden 2006), and recent studies have found that it fails to capture simulated changes in P−E over land (Roderick et al. 2014) and is not confi ...
First Nations` Governance and Climate Change
... This lack of First Nation involvement is particularly apparent regarding decision-making in the environmental realm. As environmental jurisdictions are shared between multiple levels of government, and tend to deal with physical matters (land or water-related issues such as resource allocation, wild ...
... This lack of First Nation involvement is particularly apparent regarding decision-making in the environmental realm. As environmental jurisdictions are shared between multiple levels of government, and tend to deal with physical matters (land or water-related issues such as resource allocation, wild ...
Adaptive Thermoregulation in Endotherms May
... Biochemical rates have a thermal optimum at which the activities of enzymes are maximized (Daniel et al. 2010), and it may be that thermal optima of enzymes and, hence, performance are matched to the modal Tb in homeothermic species (Morrison et al. 2008). Humans are a good example of a species in w ...
... Biochemical rates have a thermal optimum at which the activities of enzymes are maximized (Daniel et al. 2010), and it may be that thermal optima of enzymes and, hence, performance are matched to the modal Tb in homeothermic species (Morrison et al. 2008). Humans are a good example of a species in w ...
The Economic Impact of Climate Change on Cash Crop Farms in
... The impact of climate change and the resulting variation in climate can have a serious impact on the agricultural industry. Defined as a change in the state of the climate, climate change can be continually identified by shifts in the mean or variability of temperature and precipitation (Chen 2011). ...
... The impact of climate change and the resulting variation in climate can have a serious impact on the agricultural industry. Defined as a change in the state of the climate, climate change can be continually identified by shifts in the mean or variability of temperature and precipitation (Chen 2011). ...
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Marine Resources
... Bank regions by the end of this century. The mean bottom water temperature in the Gulf of Maine as a whole during the period 1978-2002 was 7.1oC, and if the bottom temperature anomaly projections for this region hold, the 12oC threshold will not be exceeded. Unknown at this time is how other climate ...
... Bank regions by the end of this century. The mean bottom water temperature in the Gulf of Maine as a whole during the period 1978-2002 was 7.1oC, and if the bottom temperature anomaly projections for this region hold, the 12oC threshold will not be exceeded. Unknown at this time is how other climate ...
Lash et al 2014 RWH and Adaptation final submitted
... is required to assess the potential adaptability and resilience of RWH tank sizes generated under climate change scenarios. Research in this area is growing, as exemplified by studies undertaken by Ming-Daw et al. (2009) and Youn et al. (2012). The latter study downscaled a scenario from the Canadia ...
... is required to assess the potential adaptability and resilience of RWH tank sizes generated under climate change scenarios. Research in this area is growing, as exemplified by studies undertaken by Ming-Daw et al. (2009) and Youn et al. (2012). The latter study downscaled a scenario from the Canadia ...
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
ethics and climate change cost-benefit analysis: stern and after
... to them.’ 6 In subsequent reports, the IPCC has adopted a uniform monetary value of life of $1,000,000 to apply in all countries. 7 Before turning to whether unadjusted values of life taken directly from market data should be used in CBA, it is important to see that the issue is broader than the va ...
... to them.’ 6 In subsequent reports, the IPCC has adopted a uniform monetary value of life of $1,000,000 to apply in all countries. 7 Before turning to whether unadjusted values of life taken directly from market data should be used in CBA, it is important to see that the issue is broader than the va ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.