Peter Lee: Ethics of Climate Change Policy
... complex models embedded in a huge array of computers, which filled a room. The professor of experimental physics wryly commented that if an experiment could be devised to test such theories, he would gladly do so. That is how scientific certainty, such as it ever is certain, is established. In 2015 ...
... complex models embedded in a huge array of computers, which filled a room. The professor of experimental physics wryly commented that if an experiment could be devised to test such theories, he would gladly do so. That is how scientific certainty, such as it ever is certain, is established. In 2015 ...
Engineering solutions for coastal infrastructure
... Figure 17: Pattern-placed concrete armour units (Seabees) – Cronulla, NSW............................................21 Figure 18: Sand nourishment pump in action, Woorim, Bribie Island..........................................................21 Figure 19: Detached breakwaters, Kwinana, WA.... ...
... Figure 17: Pattern-placed concrete armour units (Seabees) – Cronulla, NSW............................................21 Figure 18: Sand nourishment pump in action, Woorim, Bribie Island..........................................................21 Figure 19: Detached breakwaters, Kwinana, WA.... ...
The impact of climate change on domestic and international tourism
... Climate is an important factor in the destination choice of tourists. Hamilton et al. (2005a,b)found that climate change shifts international tourism flows towards higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on ...
... Climate is an important factor in the destination choice of tourists. Hamilton et al. (2005a,b)found that climate change shifts international tourism flows towards higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on ...
Valuing the Ocean: Extended Executive Summary
... and estuary zones near river mouths are also vulnerable because of inputs of freshwater, which changes the carbonate chemistry. ...
... and estuary zones near river mouths are also vulnerable because of inputs of freshwater, which changes the carbonate chemistry. ...
Mean Annual Precipitation Explains - CURVE
... structure (b diversity) is highest at intermediate values of continental mean annual precipitation (MAP) estimated from paleosols (,450 mm/year) and declines under both wetter and drier conditions, reflecting diversity patterns of modern mammals. Latitudinal gradients in community change (latitudina ...
... structure (b diversity) is highest at intermediate values of continental mean annual precipitation (MAP) estimated from paleosols (,450 mm/year) and declines under both wetter and drier conditions, reflecting diversity patterns of modern mammals. Latitudinal gradients in community change (latitudina ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... Beyond the absence of such newly appreciated mechanisms, PEG also had limitations because the majority of the lakes used to validate the PEG model were temperate (with the exception of two subtropical lakes located in South Africa) (Sommer et al., 1986). Traditionally, plankton seasonality was assum ...
... Beyond the absence of such newly appreciated mechanisms, PEG also had limitations because the majority of the lakes used to validate the PEG model were temperate (with the exception of two subtropical lakes located in South Africa) (Sommer et al., 1986). Traditionally, plankton seasonality was assum ...
PDF
... This paper compares, in Sections 2 and 3, the orders of magnitude of these two kinds of uncertainties: those dealt with in the scientific assessment of projected global temperature change and those associated with the cost assessments of implementing the Kyoto Protocol in the US. While such comparis ...
... This paper compares, in Sections 2 and 3, the orders of magnitude of these two kinds of uncertainties: those dealt with in the scientific assessment of projected global temperature change and those associated with the cost assessments of implementing the Kyoto Protocol in the US. While such comparis ...
Extreme Weather Events
... complexities, intricacies, and nuances associated with a multifaceted subject that spans several academic disciplines, yet they have been effectively used to communicate a desired message and to shape both public opinion and policy. The term “global warming” originated from computer model studies co ...
... complexities, intricacies, and nuances associated with a multifaceted subject that spans several academic disciplines, yet they have been effectively used to communicate a desired message and to shape both public opinion and policy. The term “global warming” originated from computer model studies co ...
US Climate Engagement - Skoll Global Threats Fund
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
declining mountain snowpack in western north america
... temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and 1930, . . . 1960), but in the interest of space we focus precipitation are the only variables needed; for this on 1 April 1950–97 (Fig. 1). For the model, trends are study, a new meteorological dataset has been devel- not shown at low elevations, w ...
... temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and 1930, . . . 1960), but in the interest of space we focus precipitation are the only variables needed; for this on 1 April 1950–97 (Fig. 1). For the model, trends are study, a new meteorological dataset has been devel- not shown at low elevations, w ...
Lempert_Blossom_Talk_new
... Long-Term Decisions Present Difficult Challenges • Long-term decisions occur – When reflecting on potential events decades or more in the future – Causes decision makers to choose near-term actions different than those they would otherwise pursue ...
... Long-Term Decisions Present Difficult Challenges • Long-term decisions occur – When reflecting on potential events decades or more in the future – Causes decision makers to choose near-term actions different than those they would otherwise pursue ...
Implications of Climate Change for the Construction Sector.
... The built environment will be affected by climate change in many ways: the purpose of this research was to identify how, and (where possible) how much. Climate change research has so far concentrated on climate models, measurements of climate variables, and research underpinning impact and adaptatio ...
... The built environment will be affected by climate change in many ways: the purpose of this research was to identify how, and (where possible) how much. Climate change research has so far concentrated on climate models, measurements of climate variables, and research underpinning impact and adaptatio ...
PDF
... best-possible tax policy by more than 10%. In absolute terms, however, the improvement can be huge—on the order of hundreds of billions of dollars. The explanation for this result is straightforward. In the textbook comparison of price and quantity controls under uncertainty, quantity controls direc ...
... best-possible tax policy by more than 10%. In absolute terms, however, the improvement can be huge—on the order of hundreds of billions of dollars. The explanation for this result is straightforward. In the textbook comparison of price and quantity controls under uncertainty, quantity controls direc ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4 (Kjellström et al., 2005; Samuelsson et al., 2011) coupled with vegetation dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanc ...
... the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4 (Kjellström et al., 2005; Samuelsson et al., 2011) coupled with vegetation dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanc ...
(Un)Natural Disasters: Communicating Linkages Between Extreme
... how much climate change alters the probabilities of certain classes of extreme weather events is central to the science of extreme event attribution. Scientists calculate the probability of an extreme weather event occurring in climate model experiments incorporating both human and natural factors; ...
... how much climate change alters the probabilities of certain classes of extreme weather events is central to the science of extreme event attribution. Scientists calculate the probability of an extreme weather event occurring in climate model experiments incorporating both human and natural factors; ...
Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Hazards on the Great
... The Great Hungarian Plain is situated in the middle of the Carpathian Basin, in southeast Hungary (Fig. 1). The Great Hungarian Plain is a lowland area (75–180 m above sea level) with low relative relief. The surface is covered by 20–400 m unconsolidated sandy and silty sediments, mostly of Pleistoc ...
... The Great Hungarian Plain is situated in the middle of the Carpathian Basin, in southeast Hungary (Fig. 1). The Great Hungarian Plain is a lowland area (75–180 m above sea level) with low relative relief. The surface is covered by 20–400 m unconsolidated sandy and silty sediments, mostly of Pleistoc ...
Irish Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Status Report 2009
... emissions and there is growing concern as to the impact of this rapid change in ocean chemistry on species and ecosystems, especially on calcifying organisms such as deep sea corals. Acidification might be relevant in the highly productive coastal ocean as a consequence of manmade and local discharg ...
... emissions and there is growing concern as to the impact of this rapid change in ocean chemistry on species and ecosystems, especially on calcifying organisms such as deep sea corals. Acidification might be relevant in the highly productive coastal ocean as a consequence of manmade and local discharg ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... during interglacials, pushing more CO2-rich deep water to the surface), and in sea ice cover (the melting of sea ice during interglacials exposed upwelling deep water rich in CO2 to the atmosphere, encouraging ocean-atmosphere exchange). 9. Ice cores from Antarctica show that some interglacials in t ...
... during interglacials, pushing more CO2-rich deep water to the surface), and in sea ice cover (the melting of sea ice during interglacials exposed upwelling deep water rich in CO2 to the atmosphere, encouraging ocean-atmosphere exchange). 9. Ice cores from Antarctica show that some interglacials in t ...
PDF - World Agroforestry Centre
... projections of the CIMP5 Earth System Models are still, in general, quite low, with variability among models generally higher (i.e. of lower confidence levels) than for temperature projections, which have a higher level of agreement among models and can be considered fairly robust. The averaged mean ...
... projections of the CIMP5 Earth System Models are still, in general, quite low, with variability among models generally higher (i.e. of lower confidence levels) than for temperature projections, which have a higher level of agreement among models and can be considered fairly robust. The averaged mean ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments
... categories with the current state of scientific knowledge. Each claim is addressed in detail in the body of the report. Earth is not warming Claim: Global average temperatures have not risen since 1998. Multiple factors affect global average temperatures, including the long-term warming trend from G ...
... categories with the current state of scientific knowledge. Each claim is addressed in detail in the body of the report. Earth is not warming Claim: Global average temperatures have not risen since 1998. Multiple factors affect global average temperatures, including the long-term warming trend from G ...
In Search of Shelter - Center for International Earth Science
... frameworks for dealing with displacement and migration. The unique challenges posed by climate change must be factored into norms and legal instruments dealing with displacement and migration. Especially important conundrums surround: • disappearing states and non-viable homelands. Unlike some peop ...
... frameworks for dealing with displacement and migration. The unique challenges posed by climate change must be factored into norms and legal instruments dealing with displacement and migration. Especially important conundrums surround: • disappearing states and non-viable homelands. Unlike some peop ...
Climate Leviathan - The Ohio State University
... accelerate and consolidate as climate-induced disruptions of accumulation and political stability become more urgent. Although binding agreement could not be reached in Copenhagen, Cancún, or Durban, the terms of a potential agreement are clear enough. To begin, capitalism itself is not a question ...
... accelerate and consolidate as climate-induced disruptions of accumulation and political stability become more urgent. Although binding agreement could not be reached in Copenhagen, Cancún, or Durban, the terms of a potential agreement are clear enough. To begin, capitalism itself is not a question ...
Do Americans Understand That Global Warming Is Harmful to
... respondents (64%) indicated global warming is harmful to health, yet in response to an open-ended question, few (27%) accurately named one or more specific type of harm. In response to a closed-ended question, 33% indicated some groups are more affected than others, yet on an open-ended question only ...
... respondents (64%) indicated global warming is harmful to health, yet in response to an open-ended question, few (27%) accurately named one or more specific type of harm. In response to a closed-ended question, 33% indicated some groups are more affected than others, yet on an open-ended question only ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.