Increasing River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean
... sverdrup/°C (Fig. 4), discharge from the six largest Eurasian arctic rivers alone would increase by 0.01 to 0.04 sverdrup (315 to 1260 km3/year) by 2100. This would represent an 18 to 70% increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge over present conditions. A comparable increase in Eurasian arctic ri ...
... sverdrup/°C (Fig. 4), discharge from the six largest Eurasian arctic rivers alone would increase by 0.01 to 0.04 sverdrup (315 to 1260 km3/year) by 2100. This would represent an 18 to 70% increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge over present conditions. A comparable increase in Eurasian arctic ri ...
Web System Development Literature Review
... System background and data collection (including visual tools) ...
... System background and data collection (including visual tools) ...
Future climate warming and changes to mountain permafrost in the
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and
... water vapor feedback. Their data suggest that the relationship between UT humidity and sea surface temperature within the convective regions of the tropical oceans lies between the cases of constant mixing ratio (specific humidity) and constant relative humidity (Minschwaner and Dessler, 2004). Clou ...
... water vapor feedback. Their data suggest that the relationship between UT humidity and sea surface temperature within the convective regions of the tropical oceans lies between the cases of constant mixing ratio (specific humidity) and constant relative humidity (Minschwaner and Dessler, 2004). Clou ...
Hadley Cell (HC) Circulation response to Climate
... land-sea contrast), as long as this heat contrast imposed by the sun does not change (more radiation at the tropics, less radiations at higher latitudes). They concluded land- sea temperature contrast is more related with monsoon circulations rather than Hadley circulation. Thus this circulation wou ...
... land-sea contrast), as long as this heat contrast imposed by the sun does not change (more radiation at the tropics, less radiations at higher latitudes). They concluded land- sea temperature contrast is more related with monsoon circulations rather than Hadley circulation. Thus this circulation wou ...
Chapter 3: The Global Warming Debate PDF
... the burning of fossil fuels.213 Global warming caused by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide has happened before in the geologic history of Earth. Therefore it can happen again. Recently, for example, geologists concluded that a major increase in CO2 was responsible for Paleocene-Eocene thermal ...
... the burning of fossil fuels.213 Global warming caused by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide has happened before in the geologic history of Earth. Therefore it can happen again. Recently, for example, geologists concluded that a major increase in CO2 was responsible for Paleocene-Eocene thermal ...
Potential Causes of Action for Climate Change Impacts Under the
... species of many straddling stocks and highly migratory species. For example, in the North Atlantic, strong biogeographical shifts in copepod assemblages associated with warming trends could substantially reduce the abundance of fish in the North Sea and ultimately result in the collapse of the stock ...
... species of many straddling stocks and highly migratory species. For example, in the North Atlantic, strong biogeographical shifts in copepod assemblages associated with warming trends could substantially reduce the abundance of fish in the North Sea and ultimately result in the collapse of the stock ...
ppt
... Conclusion Raised CO2 levels are already having a direct influence on the water balance at the land surface. As the direct CO2 effect reduces surface energy loss due to evaporation, it is likely to add to surface warming as well as increasing freshwater availability. The existence of a direct ...
... Conclusion Raised CO2 levels are already having a direct influence on the water balance at the land surface. As the direct CO2 effect reduces surface energy loss due to evaporation, it is likely to add to surface warming as well as increasing freshwater availability. The existence of a direct ...
Entire Proposal - New Page - Suffolk County Community College
... Understanding and adapting to global-scale climate change is one of the most important issues facing scientists and world leaders in the 21st century. The interrelationship of past climate changes and energy consumption from fossil fuels is clear, and understanding the response of the Earth system t ...
... Understanding and adapting to global-scale climate change is one of the most important issues facing scientists and world leaders in the 21st century. The interrelationship of past climate changes and energy consumption from fossil fuels is clear, and understanding the response of the Earth system t ...
responding to changes in nature
... — Medium — Low World Stabilization scenarios --- Emissions peak in 2016 followed by an annual decrease of 4% ...
... — Medium — Low World Stabilization scenarios --- Emissions peak in 2016 followed by an annual decrease of 4% ...
Attachment 2
... ambiguity of verbal quantifiers, such as ‘unlikely’ or ‘probable’25. However, whether the IPCC’s specific communications have succeeded is an empirical question whose answer requires rigorous research. At least one study suggests that the IPCC has not done as well as it would have wished26. The UK g ...
... ambiguity of verbal quantifiers, such as ‘unlikely’ or ‘probable’25. However, whether the IPCC’s specific communications have succeeded is an empirical question whose answer requires rigorous research. At least one study suggests that the IPCC has not done as well as it would have wished26. The UK g ...
Climate Change in - Pakistan Meteorological Department
... resource management, economic activity and technological advancement cannot be denied. Information about changes in climate change and variability is required to better anticipate potential impacts of climate change on the water resources, agriculture, energy, economic, health, industrial and privat ...
... resource management, economic activity and technological advancement cannot be denied. Information about changes in climate change and variability is required to better anticipate potential impacts of climate change on the water resources, agriculture, energy, economic, health, industrial and privat ...
CEQ Draft Guidance on Consideration of the
... climate change, but also the impact of climate change on actions Climate change impacts include: – Exposing structures to greater risk of floods, storm surges, and higher temperatures – Increasing the vulnerability of a resource, ecosystem, or community, and thereby making consequences of proposed a ...
... climate change, but also the impact of climate change on actions Climate change impacts include: – Exposing structures to greater risk of floods, storm surges, and higher temperatures – Increasing the vulnerability of a resource, ecosystem, or community, and thereby making consequences of proposed a ...
Sensitivity of Crop Water Need to 2071–95
... change, it is clear that human activities linked closely to ecosystems or natural resources will be severely impacted (Solomon et al. 2007). Of particular concern for many developing regions is the impact of climate change upon food security, especially for those countries reliant on rain-fed agricu ...
... change, it is clear that human activities linked closely to ecosystems or natural resources will be severely impacted (Solomon et al. 2007). Of particular concern for many developing regions is the impact of climate change upon food security, especially for those countries reliant on rain-fed agricu ...
FFEIpolicyworkshop-InfoPackage
... by a series of bad fire years in the 2030s, similar to that seen 100 years earlier. As well, there has been substantial degradation and fragmentation of terrestrial wildlife habitat through the combined effects of past land management practices and increased rates and extent of disturbance. This has ...
... by a series of bad fire years in the 2030s, similar to that seen 100 years earlier. As well, there has been substantial degradation and fragmentation of terrestrial wildlife habitat through the combined effects of past land management practices and increased rates and extent of disturbance. This has ...
IJTK 10(1) 57-70
... in the direction of prevailing winds has shifted snowdrifts that were once used as navigational markers. Navigation becomes more difficult and dependent on technology such as GPS. In general, this means people have to take longer routes, do not go out onto the land or don’t venture as far from the c ...
... in the direction of prevailing winds has shifted snowdrifts that were once used as navigational markers. Navigation becomes more difficult and dependent on technology such as GPS. In general, this means people have to take longer routes, do not go out onto the land or don’t venture as far from the c ...
evaluating the impacts of climate change on catchment
... 1.3 Significance of Climate Change In the northern hemisphere the period between 1982-2012 represented the warmest thirty year period for 1400 years (IPCC 2013). With global greenhouse gas emissions continuing to rise these trends seem set to continue (IPCC 213). This warming results in increasing p ...
... 1.3 Significance of Climate Change In the northern hemisphere the period between 1982-2012 represented the warmest thirty year period for 1400 years (IPCC 2013). With global greenhouse gas emissions continuing to rise these trends seem set to continue (IPCC 213). This warming results in increasing p ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... aircraft induced cirrus, and the eects of land-use change upon the albedo of the Earth. Note that Ramaswamy et al. (2001) only considered the ®rst indirect aerosol eect (an increase in cloud albedo due to an increase in cloud droplet number concentration at ®xed liquid water content) and not the s ...
... aircraft induced cirrus, and the eects of land-use change upon the albedo of the Earth. Note that Ramaswamy et al. (2001) only considered the ®rst indirect aerosol eect (an increase in cloud albedo due to an increase in cloud droplet number concentration at ®xed liquid water content) and not the s ...
Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long
... ocean heat uptake does not influence global mean temperature evolution, as opposed to the coupled IPCC simulations. This leads to higher uncertainty ranges for each scenario compared with the IPCC. Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates ...
... ocean heat uptake does not influence global mean temperature evolution, as opposed to the coupled IPCC simulations. This leads to higher uncertainty ranges for each scenario compared with the IPCC. Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates ...
Summary for Policymakers - Climate Change Reconsidered
... Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science The hypothesis of human-caused global warming comes up short not merely of “full scientific certainty” but of reasonable certainty or even plausibility. The weight of evidence now leans heavily against the theory. Invoking the precautionary principl ...
... Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science The hypothesis of human-caused global warming comes up short not merely of “full scientific certainty” but of reasonable certainty or even plausibility. The weight of evidence now leans heavily against the theory. Invoking the precautionary principl ...
PDF
... categorized as most vulnerable or highly vulnerable. For the present analysis, the most recent results, from the study conducted by Sutton et al. (2013), were applied. In their work, were able to distinguish three climate change scenarios by using 10year historical data on meteorological and soil ch ...
... categorized as most vulnerable or highly vulnerable. For the present analysis, the most recent results, from the study conducted by Sutton et al. (2013), were applied. In their work, were able to distinguish three climate change scenarios by using 10year historical data on meteorological and soil ch ...
Climate Change and Variability in Southeast Zimbabwe
... A lot of researches have been done on the negative impacts and challenges caused by extreme weather conditions due to climate change and variability. Not many researches have been focused on the positive side in form of opportunities presented due to climate change. The study aimed to show the clima ...
... A lot of researches have been done on the negative impacts and challenges caused by extreme weather conditions due to climate change and variability. Not many researches have been focused on the positive side in form of opportunities presented due to climate change. The study aimed to show the clima ...
Strengthening of the Walker Circulation under Global Warming in an
... In Eq. (1), S denotes atmospheric static stability and Q1 represents apparent heating (Yanai et al., 1973), which includes longwave radiation, condensation heating and divergence of eddy static energy transport. Equation (1) implies that the change of vertical motion under global warming is determin ...
... In Eq. (1), S denotes atmospheric static stability and Q1 represents apparent heating (Yanai et al., 1973), which includes longwave radiation, condensation heating and divergence of eddy static energy transport. Equation (1) implies that the change of vertical motion under global warming is determin ...
The CCAM multi-scale variable-resolution modelling system
... in tropical cyclone and tropical low frequencies over the southwestern IO and southern Africa, for 2071-2100 relative to ...
... in tropical cyclone and tropical low frequencies over the southwestern IO and southern Africa, for 2071-2100 relative to ...
Robustness of pattern scaled climate change scenarios for adaptation decision support
... mean temperature changes. This assumption requires that, for instance, the warming pattern for a 4o global warming is the same as for a 2o global warming, but twice as big. In other words pattern scaling is only viable if local temperatures scale linearly with global mean surface temperature. Since ...
... mean temperature changes. This assumption requires that, for instance, the warming pattern for a 4o global warming is the same as for a 2o global warming, but twice as big. In other words pattern scaling is only viable if local temperatures scale linearly with global mean surface temperature. Since ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.