Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?
... release increasing amounts of greenhouse gases. The total carbon contained in permafrost has been estimated at 1672 gigatons, more than twice the amount of carbon in the atmosphere (Tarnocai et al., 2009). This means that the potential amplifying effect of greenhouse gas release from permafrost melt ...
... release increasing amounts of greenhouse gases. The total carbon contained in permafrost has been estimated at 1672 gigatons, more than twice the amount of carbon in the atmosphere (Tarnocai et al., 2009). This means that the potential amplifying effect of greenhouse gas release from permafrost melt ...
Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea
... storminess since 1871 is shown by for example Donat et al. (2011). This is suggested by several other studies to be an artefact due to the changes in density of stations over time. ...
... storminess since 1871 is shown by for example Donat et al. (2011). This is suggested by several other studies to be an artefact due to the changes in density of stations over time. ...
Climate Change Prediction: A challenging scientific problem
... radiation, via S; the reflectivity of the Earth to that incoming solar radiation determined by surface, aerosol and cloud properties, via a. These three parameters tell us a lot about the climate change problem. Solar output leading to S is not a constant but note that it is independent of the atmos ...
... radiation, via S; the reflectivity of the Earth to that incoming solar radiation determined by surface, aerosol and cloud properties, via a. These three parameters tell us a lot about the climate change problem. Solar output leading to S is not a constant but note that it is independent of the atmos ...
EUR‐OCEANS Foresight workshop Rapid change in polar
... Ocean to absorb CO2. Southern Ocean ecosystems influence the distribution and balance of nutrients in the world’s oceans affecting their productive capacity and their role in carbon drawdown. Understanding the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in moderating globally important biogeochemical pr ...
... Ocean to absorb CO2. Southern Ocean ecosystems influence the distribution and balance of nutrients in the world’s oceans affecting their productive capacity and their role in carbon drawdown. Understanding the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in moderating globally important biogeochemical pr ...
RVI111Roson_en.pdf
... with climate models. Some approaches are “soft-linked” with climate models. This means that a climate model (e.g., a global circulation model) is first used to generate a climate scenario, which is taken as given within the economic model. Results from the latter can then be fed into the climate sce ...
... with climate models. Some approaches are “soft-linked” with climate models. This means that a climate model (e.g., a global circulation model) is first used to generate a climate scenario, which is taken as given within the economic model. Results from the latter can then be fed into the climate sce ...
Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to
... 4.0-fold, respectively, compared with long-term observations. For species that were common to both study types, the experimental results did not match the observational data in sign or magnitude. The observational data also showed that species that flower earliest in the spring have the highest temp ...
... 4.0-fold, respectively, compared with long-term observations. For species that were common to both study types, the experimental results did not match the observational data in sign or magnitude. The observational data also showed that species that flower earliest in the spring have the highest temp ...
View Dec, 2013, issue of the Pacific Region climate change science
... the Conservation of Nature, this research shows that both climate and land use changes will likely cause drastic species range shifts. Looking at potential spatial aggregation of invasive species, we identify three future hotspots of invasion in Europe, northeastern North America, and Oceania. The f ...
... the Conservation of Nature, this research shows that both climate and land use changes will likely cause drastic species range shifts. Looking at potential spatial aggregation of invasive species, we identify three future hotspots of invasion in Europe, northeastern North America, and Oceania. The f ...
Research Paper: Climate Change and Resource Sustainability
... 1.2 Recognition of Risks Due to the nature of the subject, the international discussions on climate change are driven by worldwide climate scientists. There would be a few members of the CIA who would have a good understanding of the issues involved. But the majority of actuaries may not have such u ...
... 1.2 Recognition of Risks Due to the nature of the subject, the international discussions on climate change are driven by worldwide climate scientists. There would be a few members of the CIA who would have a good understanding of the issues involved. But the majority of actuaries may not have such u ...
climate change: the missing topic in zimbabwean secondary school
... and desertification (Mbah, 2014). These activities result in the production of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone. All the above mentioned gases are greenhouse gases which lead to the depletion of the ozone layerin the atmosphere thereby leading to global warmin ...
... and desertification (Mbah, 2014). These activities result in the production of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone. All the above mentioned gases are greenhouse gases which lead to the depletion of the ozone layerin the atmosphere thereby leading to global warmin ...
Climate Refugees - Lutheran Office for Public Policy in Wisconsin
... Jonathan Patz of UW is a member of the IPCC – “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change” Translating science into policy and law - using scientific uncertaint ...
... Jonathan Patz of UW is a member of the IPCC – “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change” Translating science into policy and law - using scientific uncertaint ...
Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events
... 9. The vulnerability of communities to natural disasters is determined by their economic development and other social characteristics. 10. There is evidence that changing patterns of extreme events are drivers for recent increases in global losses. 11. Because of issues related to data quality, the ...
... 9. The vulnerability of communities to natural disasters is determined by their economic development and other social characteristics. 10. There is evidence that changing patterns of extreme events are drivers for recent increases in global losses. 11. Because of issues related to data quality, the ...
Climate - Discovery Education
... Compare the Climate Questions 1. Miami is too warm for snow. 2. In July, the ocean keeps Miami from getting too hot, while in Chicago, the air is drier and the days are relatively long, so it gets warm. 3. Even though both cities get about the same amount of sunlight, Seattle is warmer than Chicago ...
... Compare the Climate Questions 1. Miami is too warm for snow. 2. In July, the ocean keeps Miami from getting too hot, while in Chicago, the air is drier and the days are relatively long, so it gets warm. 3. Even though both cities get about the same amount of sunlight, Seattle is warmer than Chicago ...
Sea level rise in the Arctic Ocean
... Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas have recorded the sea level change from the 1950s through 1990s. Over this 40-year period, most of these stations show a significant sea level rise (SLR). In light of global change, this SLR could be a manifestation of warming in the Arctic coupled with a decre ...
... Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas have recorded the sea level change from the 1950s through 1990s. Over this 40-year period, most of these stations show a significant sea level rise (SLR). In light of global change, this SLR could be a manifestation of warming in the Arctic coupled with a decre ...
Planning for the impact of sea-level rise on U.S. national parks
... the Greenland ice sheet alone raised the global mean sea level by an average 0.21 ± 0.07 mm/yr (0.01 ± 0.002 in/yr) from 1993 to 2003 (IPCC 2007). Archer and Rahmstorf (2010) calculated that if both the entire Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, global sea levels would rise by around 65 ...
... the Greenland ice sheet alone raised the global mean sea level by an average 0.21 ± 0.07 mm/yr (0.01 ± 0.002 in/yr) from 1993 to 2003 (IPCC 2007). Archer and Rahmstorf (2010) calculated that if both the entire Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, global sea levels would rise by around 65 ...
Appendix 5 Fine-scale population responses to weather and climate
... In this study, we found evidence of spatial variation in bird and butterfly population responses to temperature. We find support for our hypothesis as temperature tended to have a stronger association with population dynamics in cooler sites. We believe this relationship is due to the greater vulner ...
... In this study, we found evidence of spatial variation in bird and butterfly population responses to temperature. We find support for our hypothesis as temperature tended to have a stronger association with population dynamics in cooler sites. We believe this relationship is due to the greater vulner ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2007) provided conclusive scientific evidence that human activity in the form of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is responsible for many observed climate changes, but noted that use of this knowledge to suppor ...
PDF
... 2007). Climate models suggest, on the balance of probabilities, that precipitation in the Murray–Darling Basin will decline as a result of climate change, and, with high probabilities, that increased temperatures and evaporation will reduce inflows for any given level of precipitation. However, give ...
... 2007). Climate models suggest, on the balance of probabilities, that precipitation in the Murray–Darling Basin will decline as a result of climate change, and, with high probabilities, that increased temperatures and evaporation will reduce inflows for any given level of precipitation. However, give ...
The framework - COSEE Alaska
... remain there for a century or more. Other greenhouse gases, including some created by humans, may remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. ...
... remain there for a century or more. Other greenhouse gases, including some created by humans, may remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. ...
here. - APSIM
... wheat growth affected by rising temperature, increased water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2. Field Crops Research, 85, 85–102. Bannayan M, Kobayashi K, Kim H-Y, Lieffering M, Okada M, Miura S (2005) Modeling the interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and N on rice growth and yield. Field Crops ...
... wheat growth affected by rising temperature, increased water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2. Field Crops Research, 85, 85–102. Bannayan M, Kobayashi K, Kim H-Y, Lieffering M, Okada M, Miura S (2005) Modeling the interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and N on rice growth and yield. Field Crops ...
Climate change in cities due to global warming and urban
... dominated by climate change (Figure 3b), with urban land inducing 0.5°C increase, and anthropogenic heat resulting in 0.1°C and 0.2°C increase at 20Wm−2 and 60Wm−2 respectively, due to its relatively small magnitude in relation to the daytime solar forcing. [11] Those regions with the higher cumulat ...
... dominated by climate change (Figure 3b), with urban land inducing 0.5°C increase, and anthropogenic heat resulting in 0.1°C and 0.2°C increase at 20Wm−2 and 60Wm−2 respectively, due to its relatively small magnitude in relation to the daytime solar forcing. [11] Those regions with the higher cumulat ...
PDF
... Trend Analysis of Rainfall in Delta State, Nigeria Rainfall record from the Delta State, Nigeria between 1971 – 2009 shows a decreasing trend with the minimum value for the period (189.02mm) recorded in 1977 and maximum value for the period (283.05mm) recorded in 1999 (Table 3). The mean and standar ...
... Trend Analysis of Rainfall in Delta State, Nigeria Rainfall record from the Delta State, Nigeria between 1971 – 2009 shows a decreasing trend with the minimum value for the period (189.02mm) recorded in 1977 and maximum value for the period (283.05mm) recorded in 1999 (Table 3). The mean and standar ...
powerpoint presentation
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation - ENSO modulation North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation & Northern Annular Mode • Southern Annular Mode • North Atlantic meridional overturning and climate change • Impacts of anthropogenic forcing ...
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation - ENSO modulation North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation & Northern Annular Mode • Southern Annular Mode • North Atlantic meridional overturning and climate change • Impacts of anthropogenic forcing ...
The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science
... to the Framework Convention specified these rules and how they would apply to individual countries. In the intervening years, the scientific consensus on the seriousness of the climate threat has increased. The IPCC’s recent report states that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts ...
... to the Framework Convention specified these rules and how they would apply to individual countries. In the intervening years, the scientific consensus on the seriousness of the climate threat has increased. The IPCC’s recent report states that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts ...
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
... growth in the atmosphere. In the projection of climate, the emission levels are taken into account in the physical of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land surfaces known as GCM. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) produced by IPCC (2013) classified the emission scenarios into four gro ...
... growth in the atmosphere. In the projection of climate, the emission levels are taken into account in the physical of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land surfaces known as GCM. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) produced by IPCC (2013) classified the emission scenarios into four gro ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.