Full Report - A New Climate for Peace
... change is the ultimate ‘threat multiplier’: it will aggravate already fragile situations and may contribute to social upheaval and even violent conflict. While all will feel the effects of climate change, the people in the poorest countries — and the most vulnerable groups within those countries — a ...
... change is the ultimate ‘threat multiplier’: it will aggravate already fragile situations and may contribute to social upheaval and even violent conflict. While all will feel the effects of climate change, the people in the poorest countries — and the most vulnerable groups within those countries — a ...
Draft Environmental Impact Statement
... climate change issues, particularly as they relate to the country’s use of automobiles and light trucks. “Global climate change” refers to long-term fluctuations in global surface temperatures, precipitation, sea levels, cloud cover, ocean temperatures and currents, and other climatic conditions. Sc ...
... climate change issues, particularly as they relate to the country’s use of automobiles and light trucks. “Global climate change” refers to long-term fluctuations in global surface temperatures, precipitation, sea levels, cloud cover, ocean temperatures and currents, and other climatic conditions. Sc ...
Biotic and Climatic Velocity Identify Contrasting Areas of
... local habitat gradients in order to incorporate information on broad-scale patterns in range shifts. Several studies have determined that historical climatic velocity is correlated with past species range shifts [13–15]. In contrast to historical studies, forward-looking comparisons rely on projecte ...
... local habitat gradients in order to incorporate information on broad-scale patterns in range shifts. Several studies have determined that historical climatic velocity is correlated with past species range shifts [13–15]. In contrast to historical studies, forward-looking comparisons rely on projecte ...
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... between policymakers and authors at the final stage of the process could be remedied by more interactions between policymakers and scientists throughout the writing process. But increasing the frequency of interactions would require careful planning. First, this will inevitably be time-consuming. Se ...
... between policymakers and authors at the final stage of the process could be remedied by more interactions between policymakers and scientists throughout the writing process. But increasing the frequency of interactions would require careful planning. First, this will inevitably be time-consuming. Se ...
Abstract - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
... others, the geometrical characteristics of the pier/abutment, the river characteristics including ...
... others, the geometrical characteristics of the pier/abutment, the river characteristics including ...
Presentation 16 Apr 2013
... adaptation means to preserve avian biodiversity in a changing climate Results: observed changes (1981-1999 to 2000-2009) • Southern species had increased significantly in protected areas by 29% • Northern species had decreased significantly in PAs by 21% • Observed changes in bird populations in PAs ...
... adaptation means to preserve avian biodiversity in a changing climate Results: observed changes (1981-1999 to 2000-2009) • Southern species had increased significantly in protected areas by 29% • Northern species had decreased significantly in PAs by 21% • Observed changes in bird populations in PAs ...
Chapter 18: Inter-Relationships Between Adaptation and
... assessment modelling by studying the factors and processes that determine if and when adaptation and mitigation can be synergistic in climate policy. Owing to it being a new research field, the amount of literature is still small, although it is growing fast. At the same time, the literature is very ...
... assessment modelling by studying the factors and processes that determine if and when adaptation and mitigation can be synergistic in climate policy. Owing to it being a new research field, the amount of literature is still small, although it is growing fast. At the same time, the literature is very ...
FINAL 2014 2015 Annual Progress Report
... near-routine observations from satellites (e.g., altimeters) and profiler drifters (e.g., the Argo float system), a much higher density of observations is possible and ocean data assimilation has become a practical proposition. This is important because it is the initial state of the ocean, and not ...
... near-routine observations from satellites (e.g., altimeters) and profiler drifters (e.g., the Argo float system), a much higher density of observations is possible and ocean data assimilation has become a practical proposition. This is important because it is the initial state of the ocean, and not ...
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... as dams on rivers leading to mangrove deltas. While the consequences of greenhouse-induced climate change are probably not as dramatic as feared in the late 1980's, sea-level rise ...
... as dams on rivers leading to mangrove deltas. While the consequences of greenhouse-induced climate change are probably not as dramatic as feared in the late 1980's, sea-level rise ...
Sea-Level Rise
... What is Climate Change? Climate change refers to a long-term shift in the Earth’s weather pattern as a result of both natural variation and human-induced factors. These shifts include alterations in the averages, extremes, timing, and spatial distribution of weather (Holdren, 2008). The past two dec ...
... What is Climate Change? Climate change refers to a long-term shift in the Earth’s weather pattern as a result of both natural variation and human-induced factors. These shifts include alterations in the averages, extremes, timing, and spatial distribution of weather (Holdren, 2008). The past two dec ...
South Africa`s Second National Communication under the
... reflected in rural–urban migration trends, with negative consequences for human quality of life indicators and exposure to environmental risks in informal settlements. Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several ...
... reflected in rural–urban migration trends, with negative consequences for human quality of life indicators and exposure to environmental risks in informal settlements. Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several ...
Glacier shrinkage and climatic change in the Russian Altai from the
... Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery. Data from the World Glacier Inventory (WGI) dating to 1952 and aerial photographs from 1952 were used to estimate the changes. 256 glaciers with a combined area of 253 ± 5.1 km2 have been identified in the region in 2004. Estimation of chan ...
... Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery. Data from the World Glacier Inventory (WGI) dating to 1952 and aerial photographs from 1952 were used to estimate the changes. 256 glaciers with a combined area of 253 ± 5.1 km2 have been identified in the region in 2004. Estimation of chan ...
Climate change reduces warming potential of nitrous oxide by an
... to an increase in the amount of N2O being destroyed in the stratosphere. This is due to the fact that photolytic rates are strongest in the tropical region. Here more N2O is transported from the troposphere into the stratosphere and thus available for stratospheric decay (Figure 2b). 3.1. Decline in ...
... to an increase in the amount of N2O being destroyed in the stratosphere. This is due to the fact that photolytic rates are strongest in the tropical region. Here more N2O is transported from the troposphere into the stratosphere and thus available for stratospheric decay (Figure 2b). 3.1. Decline in ...
Implications of Climate Change for Biodiversity
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is unavoidable and will be widespread and substantial. Our ability to manage biodiversity through these changes depends on understanding what the nature of the change might be and where the potential for fut ...
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is unavoidable and will be widespread and substantial. Our ability to manage biodiversity through these changes depends on understanding what the nature of the change might be and where the potential for fut ...
As Goes The Arctic, So Goes The Planet
... 2007, sea ice extent fell to its lowest level in recorded history, and according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, that record was almost matched in 2008. Arctic communities rely on sea ice for hunting, fishing, and other activities necessary for survival. Sea ice also serves as a platform ...
... 2007, sea ice extent fell to its lowest level in recorded history, and according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, that record was almost matched in 2008. Arctic communities rely on sea ice for hunting, fishing, and other activities necessary for survival. Sea ice also serves as a platform ...
Implications of climate change for Australia`s World Heritage properties
... Australia is one of the oldest continents on earth, and is unique in terms of its cultural, geographical and biological diversity. There are currently 17 sites in Australia recognised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as possessing characteristics consi ...
... Australia is one of the oldest continents on earth, and is unique in terms of its cultural, geographical and biological diversity. There are currently 17 sites in Australia recognised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as possessing characteristics consi ...
The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia
... The report also argues that Southeast Asia should play an active role in global mitigation efforts. Compared to developed countries, the region’s emissions on a per capita basis are relatively low. But they are considerably higher than the global average. In 2000, the region’s major sources of emiss ...
... The report also argues that Southeast Asia should play an active role in global mitigation efforts. Compared to developed countries, the region’s emissions on a per capita basis are relatively low. But they are considerably higher than the global average. In 2000, the region’s major sources of emiss ...
IPCC Robert M. Margolis 1992 MIT-CEEPR 92-011WP
... that increasing the atmospheric concentrations of GHGs will result in significant climatic change, they may be skeptical about the effectiveness of policy intervention. In addition, there are participants in the policy process who would argue that there is not even a proven causal link between incre ...
... that increasing the atmospheric concentrations of GHGs will result in significant climatic change, they may be skeptical about the effectiveness of policy intervention. In addition, there are participants in the policy process who would argue that there is not even a proven causal link between incre ...
Indicators of the impact of Climate Change on Migratory Species
... in the observed changes is now clearer than ever. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report concludes that most of the observed increase in global temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely (i.e. more than 90% chance) due to the human-induced increase in greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. ...
... in the observed changes is now clearer than ever. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report concludes that most of the observed increase in global temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely (i.e. more than 90% chance) due to the human-induced increase in greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and
... The first-generation coupled climate-carbon cycle models indicate that global warming will increase the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 that remains in the atmosphere. This positive climate-carbon cycle feedback leads to an additional increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of 20 to 224 ppm by 2100, ...
... The first-generation coupled climate-carbon cycle models indicate that global warming will increase the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 that remains in the atmosphere. This positive climate-carbon cycle feedback leads to an additional increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of 20 to 224 ppm by 2100, ...
Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Programme of Action for the Palestinian Authority PDF
... at international, regional and national levels. Recognizing this reality, governments and communities have to actively respond to this phenomena aiming at minimizing the rate of this change and raising the resilience of local communities to cope with its impact. The occupied Palestinian territory, a ...
... at international, regional and national levels. Recognizing this reality, governments and communities have to actively respond to this phenomena aiming at minimizing the rate of this change and raising the resilience of local communities to cope with its impact. The occupied Palestinian territory, a ...
The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A
... The report also argues that Southeast Asia should play an active role in global mitigation efforts. Compared to developed countries, the region’s emissions on a per capita basis are relatively low. But they are considerably higher than the global average. In 2000, the region’s major sources of emiss ...
... The report also argues that Southeast Asia should play an active role in global mitigation efforts. Compared to developed countries, the region’s emissions on a per capita basis are relatively low. But they are considerably higher than the global average. In 2000, the region’s major sources of emiss ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System
... The first-generation coupled climate-carbon cycle models indicate that global warming will increase the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 that remains in the atmosphere. This positive climate-carbon cycle feedback leads to an additional increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of 20 to 224 ppm by 2100, ...
... The first-generation coupled climate-carbon cycle models indicate that global warming will increase the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 that remains in the atmosphere. This positive climate-carbon cycle feedback leads to an additional increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of 20 to 224 ppm by 2100, ...
Understanding Climate Diplomacy
... International agreement is vital to manage climate risk The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)1 and United Nations Security Council (UNSC)2 have both stated that uncontrolled climate change poses a threat to international peace and security. In 2009, and on several subsequent occasions since, le ...
... International agreement is vital to manage climate risk The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)1 and United Nations Security Council (UNSC)2 have both stated that uncontrolled climate change poses a threat to international peace and security. In 2009, and on several subsequent occasions since, le ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.