Climate Change in the European Alps
... Climate Change in the European Alps: Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management is the product of a two-year study by the OECD Environment Directorate. The volume presents the first systematic cross-country analysis of snow-reliability of Alpine ski areas under climate change for five co ...
... Climate Change in the European Alps: Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management is the product of a two-year study by the OECD Environment Directorate. The volume presents the first systematic cross-country analysis of snow-reliability of Alpine ski areas under climate change for five co ...
The State of Marine and Coastal Adaptation in North America: A
... Marine and coastal areas in North America already experience a multitude of climate change related impacts. These changes are beginning to affect ecological and socioeconomic aspects of marine and coastal systems. In this section, we provide a brief overview of the current and projected manifestatio ...
... Marine and coastal areas in North America already experience a multitude of climate change related impacts. These changes are beginning to affect ecological and socioeconomic aspects of marine and coastal systems. In this section, we provide a brief overview of the current and projected manifestatio ...
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. (2010) Adapting Institutions to Climate Change, Twenty-eighth report
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Freshwater
... increased air temperature, altered precipitation patterns, and consequent effects for biophysical processes, ecosystems, and species. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased to ~392 parts per million (ppm)1 from the pre-industrial value of 278 ppm,2 higher than any level in the past 650,000 ye ...
... increased air temperature, altered precipitation patterns, and consequent effects for biophysical processes, ecosystems, and species. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased to ~392 parts per million (ppm)1 from the pre-industrial value of 278 ppm,2 higher than any level in the past 650,000 ye ...
Centennial and Millennial climate- carbon cycle feedback analysis
... cooling system of the houses) and cement productions, which together contribute more than 75% of present anthropogenic CO2 concentration since pre-industrial period (Denman et al., 2007). Different land use changes (e.g. deforestation, agricultural practices) are contributing the rest. In reality, t ...
... cooling system of the houses) and cement productions, which together contribute more than 75% of present anthropogenic CO2 concentration since pre-industrial period (Denman et al., 2007). Different land use changes (e.g. deforestation, agricultural practices) are contributing the rest. In reality, t ...
The key role of heavy precipitation events in climate
... The global models and downscaling methods applied to each are listed in Table 1. ...
... The global models and downscaling methods applied to each are listed in Table 1. ...
Implications of global change for Important Bird Areas in South Africa
... least one of four criteria. It should hold (1) significant numbers of one or more species of global conservation concern, (2) significant populations of one or more restricted-range species (those with global distributions of < 50,000 km2), (3) a significant component of a group of species whose dis ...
... least one of four criteria. It should hold (1) significant numbers of one or more species of global conservation concern, (2) significant populations of one or more restricted-range species (those with global distributions of < 50,000 km2), (3) a significant component of a group of species whose dis ...
Full-Text PDF
... Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. It has prominent significance not only in maintaining the regional and global ecological balances, but also providing a living environment for wild animals and plants [1]. Climate change is considered as one of the most important natural ...
... Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. It has prominent significance not only in maintaining the regional and global ecological balances, but also providing a living environment for wild animals and plants [1]. Climate change is considered as one of the most important natural ...
Measuring Vulnerability - global change SysTem for Analysis
... Climate change scenarios: Generated by general circulation models (GCMs) or synthetic scenarios (+/10% precipitation, 30 cm sea level rise, etc.); The output of GCMs depend on assumptions about greenhouse gas emissions, feedbacks, etc. SRES scenarios represent emissions according to different develo ...
... Climate change scenarios: Generated by general circulation models (GCMs) or synthetic scenarios (+/10% precipitation, 30 cm sea level rise, etc.); The output of GCMs depend on assumptions about greenhouse gas emissions, feedbacks, etc. SRES scenarios represent emissions according to different develo ...
Promoting Climate Resilient Infrastructure in
... areas: rural areas have far more poverty than urban areas; areas with a large ethnic minority population often have high poverty levels, and; hilly and mountainous areas experience high poverty levels. Poverty is particularly entrenched in the Northern Mountains, where: The lack of infrastructure, r ...
... areas: rural areas have far more poverty than urban areas; areas with a large ethnic minority population often have high poverty levels, and; hilly and mountainous areas experience high poverty levels. Poverty is particularly entrenched in the Northern Mountains, where: The lack of infrastructure, r ...
Ozone: Past, Present and Future
... mean ozone is projected to be higher than 1960 levels. This results from greenhouse gas induced cooling of the upper stratosphere which slows gas phase ozone destruction chemistry. However, the same increase in greenhouse gases induces changes in stratospheric transport. In the tropics this decrease ...
... mean ozone is projected to be higher than 1960 levels. This results from greenhouse gas induced cooling of the upper stratosphere which slows gas phase ozone destruction chemistry. However, the same increase in greenhouse gases induces changes in stratospheric transport. In the tropics this decrease ...
Environment, Climate Change and International Relations
... Yet, due to the dangerous environmental situations in which many in the world will find themselves, more needs to be done to understand the relations between climate change and international governance. It is this need that this collection takes as its starting point. In doing so, it follows in a ri ...
... Yet, due to the dangerous environmental situations in which many in the world will find themselves, more needs to be done to understand the relations between climate change and international governance. It is this need that this collection takes as its starting point. In doing so, it follows in a ri ...
a free PDF - E-International Relations
... Yet, due to the dangerous environmental situations in which many in the world will find themselves, more needs to be done to understand the relations between climate change and international governance. It is this need that this collection takes as its starting point. In doing so, it follows in a ri ...
... Yet, due to the dangerous environmental situations in which many in the world will find themselves, more needs to be done to understand the relations between climate change and international governance. It is this need that this collection takes as its starting point. In doing so, it follows in a ri ...
National Landmarks at Risk - Union of Concerned Scientists
... Are Increasingly Vulnerable to Floods Founded in 1630 by English Puritans seeking religious freedom, Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States and the birthplace of the American Revolution.5 But in the city where the Sons of Liberty plotted independence from Great Britain, some cherish ...
... Are Increasingly Vulnerable to Floods Founded in 1630 by English Puritans seeking religious freedom, Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States and the birthplace of the American Revolution.5 But in the city where the Sons of Liberty plotted independence from Great Britain, some cherish ...
The Economic Effects of Long-Term Climate
... of time indicator variables to allow for ‡exible e¤ects over time. I control for soil suitability for potato and wheat cultivation (Nunn, 2011) as well as elevation and ruggedness (Benniston et al., 1997; Nunn et al., 2012). Then, I control for a number of historical determinants of city size in Ear ...
... of time indicator variables to allow for ‡exible e¤ects over time. I control for soil suitability for potato and wheat cultivation (Nunn, 2011) as well as elevation and ruggedness (Benniston et al., 1997; Nunn et al., 2012). Then, I control for a number of historical determinants of city size in Ear ...
Protected Areas: Buffering nature against climate change
... Refugia may already exist within the current range of a species. Locations that have served as refugia during past climate changes may serve as refugia for the present period of climate change. As conditions outside refugia become hostile with changing climate, a species will be lost from the wider ...
... Refugia may already exist within the current range of a species. Locations that have served as refugia during past climate changes may serve as refugia for the present period of climate change. As conditions outside refugia become hostile with changing climate, a species will be lost from the wider ...
Summer climate and heatwaves in Europe
... Oceanic influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Oceanic influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on US Transportation
... Nancy P. Humphrey, Study Director, Transportation Research Board Amanda C. Staudt, Senior Program Officer, Division on Earth and Life Studies (through February 28, 2007) ...
... Nancy P. Humphrey, Study Director, Transportation Research Board Amanda C. Staudt, Senior Program Officer, Division on Earth and Life Studies (through February 28, 2007) ...
Risks from Climate Change to Indigenous Communities in
... Both transport and communications infrastructure in many areas of the study region are extremely limited. Climate change will cause disruption to the infrastructure that does exist, particularly in coastal regions. Improving key access points, raising new and existing building standards for cyclone- ...
... Both transport and communications infrastructure in many areas of the study region are extremely limited. Climate change will cause disruption to the infrastructure that does exist, particularly in coastal regions. Improving key access points, raising new and existing building standards for cyclone- ...
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
... Water supplies, recreational activities and natural ecosystems would all be affected. Some regional water quality concerns include saltwater intrusion in coastal areas and the rupture of water infrastructure in the North as a result of permafrost degradation. As water supplies diminish, at least sea ...
... Water supplies, recreational activities and natural ecosystems would all be affected. Some regional water quality concerns include saltwater intrusion in coastal areas and the rupture of water infrastructure in the North as a result of permafrost degradation. As water supplies diminish, at least sea ...
Climate Change in the Midwest - Climate Adaptation Knowledge
... The diverse landscapes of the U.S. Midwest, and the natural processes, livelihoods, and infrastructure associated with them, are vulnerable to climate change. This report, prepared as a contribution to the Third National Climate Assessment, addresses the potential impacts of climate change on natura ...
... The diverse landscapes of the U.S. Midwest, and the natural processes, livelihoods, and infrastructure associated with them, are vulnerable to climate change. This report, prepared as a contribution to the Third National Climate Assessment, addresses the potential impacts of climate change on natura ...
An Economic Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations
... adaptation to climate change in eight major economic sectors in New York State in the ClimAID report. The goal of the study is to provide information on the economic impacts of climate change and adaptation for use by public officials, policy makers, and members of the general public. The study is a ...
... adaptation to climate change in eight major economic sectors in New York State in the ClimAID report. The goal of the study is to provide information on the economic impacts of climate change and adaptation for use by public officials, policy makers, and members of the general public. The study is a ...
Building resilience to climate change
... their dietary and cultural needs. Targeting food security in the Pacific region is a critical action in the face of climate change, which will continue to place added pressure on existing food and water resources. The ultimate aim of the toolkit is to help ensure that Pacific Island communities contin ...
... their dietary and cultural needs. Targeting food security in the Pacific region is a critical action in the face of climate change, which will continue to place added pressure on existing food and water resources. The ultimate aim of the toolkit is to help ensure that Pacific Island communities contin ...
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. (2010) Adapting Institutions to Climate Change, Twenty-eighth report. David Stainforth is acknowledged in the report as a key contributor
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND
... 4. Scenarios of future climate change to 2100 that are likely to keep global average temperature increases within a limit of 2°C above pre-industrial levels mostly rely on technologies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as well as emission reductions, with pathways that feature net negative emissions ...
... 4. Scenarios of future climate change to 2100 that are likely to keep global average temperature increases within a limit of 2°C above pre-industrial levels mostly rely on technologies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as well as emission reductions, with pathways that feature net negative emissions ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.