Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global
... last 100 yr period, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) has had a magnitude between 0.01 and 0.1 PgC yr−1 in all the simulations and hence the simulations are considered to be in near-steady state. The 57 yr atmospheric forcing data set is repeatedly used in all twelve 1000 yr experiments. The influence of ...
... last 100 yr period, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) has had a magnitude between 0.01 and 0.1 PgC yr−1 in all the simulations and hence the simulations are considered to be in near-steady state. The 57 yr atmospheric forcing data set is repeatedly used in all twelve 1000 yr experiments. The influence of ...
Public understanding of climate change and adaptation
... Figure 8: What words or images come to mind when you think of climate change? Top 16 categories shown, comprising 84% of the total........................................................................... 58 Figure 9: How would you rate this word or image in this context? Mean affect was rated on a ...
... Figure 8: What words or images come to mind when you think of climate change? Top 16 categories shown, comprising 84% of the total........................................................................... 58 Figure 9: How would you rate this word or image in this context? Mean affect was rated on a ...
Review and recommendations for climate change vulnerability
... vulnerability to climate change of species and habitats in the American Southwest. We begin by defining and discussing climate change vulnerability assessment concepts and approaches and then examine major methods by which such assessments are conducted. Finally, we review and synthesize the informa ...
... vulnerability to climate change of species and habitats in the American Southwest. We begin by defining and discussing climate change vulnerability assessment concepts and approaches and then examine major methods by which such assessments are conducted. Finally, we review and synthesize the informa ...
impacts on forests from Climate Change
... state climatological data, as well as potential future climate trends for this region using downscaled global data from general circulation models. We identify potential vulnerabilities by incorporating these future climate projections into species distribution and ecosystem process models and asses ...
... state climatological data, as well as potential future climate trends for this region using downscaled global data from general circulation models. We identify potential vulnerabilities by incorporating these future climate projections into species distribution and ecosystem process models and asses ...
World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
... limate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide. Unequivocal scientific evidence shows that concentrations of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 800 000 years and that global temp ...
Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential
... confined to the Northern Hemisphere, effects may propagate into the Southern Hemisphere via atmospheric dynamics. They also find that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and stratospheric ozone depletion may both be contributing to a strengthening of the polar vortex in both hemispheres, with a ...
... confined to the Northern Hemisphere, effects may propagate into the Southern Hemisphere via atmospheric dynamics. They also find that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and stratospheric ozone depletion may both be contributing to a strengthening of the polar vortex in both hemispheres, with a ...
FINAL REPORT Queensland Farmers Federation Climate Change
... productivity and sustainability posed by climate variability, over relatively short timeframes. Climate change however, adds substantial uncertainty and complexity to the management of farming systems, as temperatures in Australia are likely to increase by 1-5C by 2070, and rainfall - particularly ...
... productivity and sustainability posed by climate variability, over relatively short timeframes. Climate change however, adds substantial uncertainty and complexity to the management of farming systems, as temperatures in Australia are likely to increase by 1-5C by 2070, and rainfall - particularly ...
Future Changes in Northern Hemisphere Snowfall
... total precipitation that falls as snow as determined by the monthly mean 2-m temperature T. For both the derived historical snowfall data and the model output, a constant 10:1 ratio was used to convert liquid precipitation to a snowfall depth equivalent for easier comparison to snowfall observations ...
... total precipitation that falls as snow as determined by the monthly mean 2-m temperature T. For both the derived historical snowfall data and the model output, a constant 10:1 ratio was used to convert liquid precipitation to a snowfall depth equivalent for easier comparison to snowfall observations ...
Sociological Perspectives on Global Climate Change
... change research, 2) motivate research that contributes solutions to a global problem of historical importance, and 3) expand sociological participation in interdisciplinary research and education about global climate change. Workshop participants were asked to answer two questions in their short pap ...
... change research, 2) motivate research that contributes solutions to a global problem of historical importance, and 3) expand sociological participation in interdisciplinary research and education about global climate change. Workshop participants were asked to answer two questions in their short pap ...
The Economic Effects of Long-Term Climate Change
... a¤ect city growth. Year …xed e¤ects control for variation in temperature and city size over time that is shared by all cities. In particular, they control for growth trends that a¤ected all cities in the same way. The main results indicate a signi…cant negative e¤ect of Little Ice Age temperatures o ...
... a¤ect city growth. Year …xed e¤ects control for variation in temperature and city size over time that is shared by all cities. In particular, they control for growth trends that a¤ected all cities in the same way. The main results indicate a signi…cant negative e¤ect of Little Ice Age temperatures o ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in
... Table 4.14: NPP in Heihe river basin when climate change in future 40 year.................................................... 69 Table 4.15: NPP and HANPP of the middle reaches in Heihe River Basin, 2000 ............................................. 71 Table 4.16: HANPP of Heihe River Basin under ...
... Table 4.14: NPP in Heihe river basin when climate change in future 40 year.................................................... 69 Table 4.15: NPP and HANPP of the middle reaches in Heihe River Basin, 2000 ............................................. 71 Table 4.16: HANPP of Heihe River Basin under ...
Climate Change and Water Quality in the Great Lakes Basin
... More runoff may occur in winter. Spring freshet may occur earlier and have less flow. Summer and fall low flows may be lower and last longer. High flows may increase due to extreme precipitation events. Ground water recharge and levels may decrease. Amount and timing of ground water base flow to str ...
... More runoff may occur in winter. Spring freshet may occur earlier and have less flow. Summer and fall low flows may be lower and last longer. High flows may increase due to extreme precipitation events. Ground water recharge and levels may decrease. Amount and timing of ground water base flow to str ...
Impact of Climate Change on Households in the Indonesian
... reading the signs of nature such as wind direction and sea flow which make it more difficult to estimate the correct area and time for fishing. Global warming is indicated by an increase in average temperatures on the earth’s surface and ocean since mid-twenty and projected will increase in the next ...
... reading the signs of nature such as wind direction and sea flow which make it more difficult to estimate the correct area and time for fishing. Global warming is indicated by an increase in average temperatures on the earth’s surface and ocean since mid-twenty and projected will increase in the next ...
The colour of climate: changes in peat
... the hummock/hollow complexes could be stationary for long periods of time, and he concluded that the growth of a bog is to a large extent controlled by climate. Barber (1981) concluded that different thresholds could influence regional as well as local variations in bog growth, but factors such as hy ...
... the hummock/hollow complexes could be stationary for long periods of time, and he concluded that the growth of a bog is to a large extent controlled by climate. Barber (1981) concluded that different thresholds could influence regional as well as local variations in bog growth, but factors such as hy ...
Responding to climate change in national forests: a
... in management and planning, including the development of options that facilitate adaptation of natural resources to potentially deleterious effects of an altered climate. Despite uncertainties about the timing and magnitude of climate change effects, sufficient information exists to begin the adapta ...
... in management and planning, including the development of options that facilitate adaptation of natural resources to potentially deleterious effects of an altered climate. Despite uncertainties about the timing and magnitude of climate change effects, sufficient information exists to begin the adapta ...
DRAFT P W
... The changes in deliveries from CVP and SWP South of the Delta are shown in Figures 1 and 26. These figures show deliveries for the historic condition, climate change condition under GFDLA2, and deliveries for the climate change condition plus the three levee failure scenarios. As expected, the resul ...
... The changes in deliveries from CVP and SWP South of the Delta are shown in Figures 1 and 26. These figures show deliveries for the historic condition, climate change condition under GFDLA2, and deliveries for the climate change condition plus the three levee failure scenarios. As expected, the resul ...
Extreme Environmental Events Induced by Climate Change:
... 1.1 Problem Statement Over the past two decades, climate change has emerged as the leading global environmental issue. The negative impacts associated with climate change are already well documented throughout the world and in Canada (Lemmen et al., 2008; Van Aalst, 2006). Research by the Inter-gove ...
... 1.1 Problem Statement Over the past two decades, climate change has emerged as the leading global environmental issue. The negative impacts associated with climate change are already well documented throughout the world and in Canada (Lemmen et al., 2008; Van Aalst, 2006). Research by the Inter-gove ...
Climate Trends, Hazards and Extremes – Taranaki Synthesis Report
... blue dots represent frequencies for individual seasons. The red line shows the correlation between frequencies and the IPO. ............................................. 46 Figure 25. Accumulated July-June PED (mm) calculated from 0.05° gridded data set: average over 31-year period 1972/73 to 2002/0 ...
... blue dots represent frequencies for individual seasons. The red line shows the correlation between frequencies and the IPO. ............................................. 46 Figure 25. Accumulated July-June PED (mm) calculated from 0.05° gridded data set: average over 31-year period 1972/73 to 2002/0 ...
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
... this heterogeneity to historical climate adaptation. As one adaptive mechanism, air conditioning penetration explains nearly all of the regional heterogeneity in heat-driven morality but not cold-driven mortality. Combining these results with projected changes in local temperature distributions by t ...
... this heterogeneity to historical climate adaptation. As one adaptive mechanism, air conditioning penetration explains nearly all of the regional heterogeneity in heat-driven morality but not cold-driven mortality. Combining these results with projected changes in local temperature distributions by t ...
Risky business: Engaging the public on sea level rise
... Maryland Commission on Climate Change, 2008). Under moderate rates of relative SLR, more than 8 square kilometers of the county could be submerged by 2050 (Batten, 2012). By 2100, that number could double, and projected storm surges and tidal inundation places $1.5 billion in building values alone a ...
... Maryland Commission on Climate Change, 2008). Under moderate rates of relative SLR, more than 8 square kilometers of the county could be submerged by 2050 (Batten, 2012). By 2100, that number could double, and projected storm surges and tidal inundation places $1.5 billion in building values alone a ...
Media Echo
... carried out by an international group of researchers and published in Nature Climate Change. The first ever pan-European study of changing mountain vegetation has found that some alpine meadows could disappear within the next few decades. Led by researchers from the Austrian Academy of Sciences and ...
... carried out by an international group of researchers and published in Nature Climate Change. The first ever pan-European study of changing mountain vegetation has found that some alpine meadows could disappear within the next few decades. Led by researchers from the Austrian Academy of Sciences and ...
Climate change on annual runoff dynamics
... runoff along with increase in precipitation over the past five decades (Huang et al., 2013). In addition to climate changes, human pressure in the catchment is also intense and complex such as land-use changes, dam construction, and water intake. Large conversion of forest area into agricultural lan ...
... runoff along with increase in precipitation over the past five decades (Huang et al., 2013). In addition to climate changes, human pressure in the catchment is also intense and complex such as land-use changes, dam construction, and water intake. Large conversion of forest area into agricultural lan ...
A Climate Change Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
... Study of Atmosphere and Ocean et al. 2007). In addition, the Washington D.C.-based Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) has released an adaptation report as a resource for American cities and counties and has presented adaptation concerns and information to Congress (Lowe, Foster et al. 2009). An adap ...
... Study of Atmosphere and Ocean et al. 2007). In addition, the Washington D.C.-based Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) has released an adaptation report as a resource for American cities and counties and has presented adaptation concerns and information to Congress (Lowe, Foster et al. 2009). An adap ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.