The Climate counter consensus, review - Brians
... summarised in the appropriately titled “Hockey stick” graph 39 of average global temperatures over the last 1,000 years. The graph showed that temperatures gently declined over the first 900 years and markedly increased over the last 100. Over this 100 year period average global atmospheric temp ...
... summarised in the appropriately titled “Hockey stick” graph 39 of average global temperatures over the last 1,000 years. The graph showed that temperatures gently declined over the first 900 years and markedly increased over the last 100. Over this 100 year period average global atmospheric temp ...
151725 Public Policy Text - A Convention For Persons Displaced By
... terms of human movement: sea level rise; increasing severe weather events; and drought and desertification (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega-deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to ...
... terms of human movement: sea level rise; increasing severe weather events; and drought and desertification (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega-deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to ...
National Climate Change Response Strategy
... during September - February. This means frequent occurrence of severe floods in those areas. No significant trends in the 24-hour rainfall amounts are observed in other areas of the country. Figure 2 below shows changes in rainfall patterns in Lamu and Garissa. ...
... during September - February. This means frequent occurrence of severe floods in those areas. No significant trends in the 24-hour rainfall amounts are observed in other areas of the country. Figure 2 below shows changes in rainfall patterns in Lamu and Garissa. ...
onp_draft_112011 - University of Washington
... requiring a culvert to cross water, are at an increasing risk of inundation damage as future flooding intensifies. Any road infrastructure in disrepair near streams and rivers also threatens to impair the habitat of aquatic animals, including fish listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two f ...
... requiring a culvert to cross water, are at an increasing risk of inundation damage as future flooding intensifies. Any road infrastructure in disrepair near streams and rivers also threatens to impair the habitat of aquatic animals, including fish listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two f ...
PDF
... Transfer (DSSAT) crop-simulation model, with yield effects of climate change at 0.5-degree intervals aggregated up to the food-production-unit level. The DSSAT model is used to assess climate-change effects and CO2 fertilization for five crops–rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and groundnuts. For the re ...
... Transfer (DSSAT) crop-simulation model, with yield effects of climate change at 0.5-degree intervals aggregated up to the food-production-unit level. The DSSAT model is used to assess climate-change effects and CO2 fertilization for five crops–rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and groundnuts. For the re ...
Indigenous Peoples, Lands, and Resources
... The peoples, lands, and resources of indigenous communities in the United States, including Alaska and the Pacific Rim, face an array of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities that threaten many Native communities. The consequences of observed and projected climate change have and will undermine ...
... The peoples, lands, and resources of indigenous communities in the United States, including Alaska and the Pacific Rim, face an array of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities that threaten many Native communities. The consequences of observed and projected climate change have and will undermine ...
A district level assessment of vulnerability of
... seen as a failure of market mechanisms, wherein polluters have not had to pay for the negative externalities4. Climate change projections made for India indicate an overall increase in temperature by 1–4C and precipitation by 9–16% towards 2050s (ref. 5). However, different regions are expected to ...
... seen as a failure of market mechanisms, wherein polluters have not had to pay for the negative externalities4. Climate change projections made for India indicate an overall increase in temperature by 1–4C and precipitation by 9–16% towards 2050s (ref. 5). However, different regions are expected to ...
gypsy moth and nun moth
... Furthermore, the greater volume, speed and frequency of international trade have increased the risk that defoliators could inadvertently be transported into new areas (MacLeod et al. 2002). One pathway into regions where defoliators do not already occur is timber trade (Liebhold et al. 1995). Thus, ...
... Furthermore, the greater volume, speed and frequency of international trade have increased the risk that defoliators could inadvertently be transported into new areas (MacLeod et al. 2002). One pathway into regions where defoliators do not already occur is timber trade (Liebhold et al. 1995). Thus, ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation. A pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability that shifts between a cool (negative) phase and warm (positive) phase on a 20-30 year time scale. ...
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation. A pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability that shifts between a cool (negative) phase and warm (positive) phase on a 20-30 year time scale. ...
Fishing, climate change and north-east Atlantic cod
... second half of the 20th century has been linked to subsequent declines in cod recruitment26,27. Such fluctuations follow changes in SST in the North Sea26. When the dynamics of prey species are also incorporated into stock models, further differences in recruitment and SSB are suggested71. Decreases ...
... second half of the 20th century has been linked to subsequent declines in cod recruitment26,27. Such fluctuations follow changes in SST in the North Sea26. When the dynamics of prey species are also incorporated into stock models, further differences in recruitment and SSB are suggested71. Decreases ...
Vulnerability to climate change and adaptation strategies of local
... Niño, while south-eastern Africa tends to experience belowaverage rainfall. La Niña normally cause the opposite effect (McSweeney et al., 2012). A study conducted by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services (DCCMS) in Malawi, found that there are some long-term changes in precipi ...
... Niño, while south-eastern Africa tends to experience belowaverage rainfall. La Niña normally cause the opposite effect (McSweeney et al., 2012). A study conducted by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services (DCCMS) in Malawi, found that there are some long-term changes in precipi ...
Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Biota, Ecosystem Structure and
... will be able to evolve more rapidly than those with longer generation times (e.g., fish). Furthermore, assessment of genetic variability for some taxa (e.g., mitochondrial DNA in Arctic char; 30) suggests that previous events that reduced genetic diversity may have limited their capacity for such ra ...
... will be able to evolve more rapidly than those with longer generation times (e.g., fish). Furthermore, assessment of genetic variability for some taxa (e.g., mitochondrial DNA in Arctic char; 30) suggests that previous events that reduced genetic diversity may have limited their capacity for such ra ...
Building Climate Resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: A Role
... resolution capable of resolving local atmospheric processes. Additionally, as GCMs increase in sophistication, there is a tendency for model divergence to increase as additional coupled processes are included in increasingly complex modeling systems. There is an active debate in the field of climate ...
... resolution capable of resolving local atmospheric processes. Additionally, as GCMs increase in sophistication, there is a tendency for model divergence to increase as additional coupled processes are included in increasingly complex modeling systems. There is an active debate in the field of climate ...
Climate and Weather Discourse in Anthropology: From Determinism
... Several changes mark the transition between earlier work with climate and newer engagements. Anthropologists in the 1990s began to engage global movements of information, people, and objects in their work, most noticeably in research dealing with debates about the hegemony of Western scientific know ...
... Several changes mark the transition between earlier work with climate and newer engagements. Anthropologists in the 1990s began to engage global movements of information, people, and objects in their work, most noticeably in research dealing with debates about the hegemony of Western scientific know ...
interspecific interactions exceed climate effects
... et al., 2012). Competitive exclusions among mountain ungulate species are thought to have caused local extinctions in the past (Mishra et al., 2006). Understanding the influence of interspecific interactions on daily patterns of altitude use could greatly improve future projections of range-shifts i ...
... et al., 2012). Competitive exclusions among mountain ungulate species are thought to have caused local extinctions in the past (Mishra et al., 2006). Understanding the influence of interspecific interactions on daily patterns of altitude use could greatly improve future projections of range-shifts i ...
Climate-change lore and its implications for
... plainly evident in climate change discourse. Based on urban legends, it is not uncommon for public media to issue warnings concerning the threat presented in the narrative (Gross, 201 0). According to Mosier (2005) these narratives both construct and reinforce worldviews in populations in which they ...
... plainly evident in climate change discourse. Based on urban legends, it is not uncommon for public media to issue warnings concerning the threat presented in the narrative (Gross, 201 0). According to Mosier (2005) these narratives both construct and reinforce worldviews in populations in which they ...
Estimating intensive and extensive margin adaptation to climate
... for only a 5% increase.” Rapson (2011) estimates a dynamic structural model of air conditioner adoption and simulates the impacts of a carbon tax and energy-efficiency standards. The three relevant findings from his study are that higher energy efficiency of air conditioners raises demand for these ...
... for only a 5% increase.” Rapson (2011) estimates a dynamic structural model of air conditioner adoption and simulates the impacts of a carbon tax and energy-efficiency standards. The three relevant findings from his study are that higher energy efficiency of air conditioners raises demand for these ...
Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes
... aging, and increased marginal sea-ice melting. The corresponding wind stress swept away sea-ice from the North Atlantic side to the North Pacific side. Anomalously large areas of open water accordingly occurred in the North Atlantic Arctic (Figure 4b). [18] Starting in summer 2006, ARP quickly trans ...
... aging, and increased marginal sea-ice melting. The corresponding wind stress swept away sea-ice from the North Atlantic side to the North Pacific side. Anomalously large areas of open water accordingly occurred in the North Atlantic Arctic (Figure 4b). [18] Starting in summer 2006, ARP quickly trans ...
The ecological citizen and climate change
... ecosystems throughout and beyond the 21st century. The impacts of climate change will affect all countries and regions around the world, albeit in different and uncertain ways. Developed countries have contributed the majority of historic emissions since the industrial revolution whilst, it has been ...
... ecosystems throughout and beyond the 21st century. The impacts of climate change will affect all countries and regions around the world, albeit in different and uncertain ways. Developed countries have contributed the majority of historic emissions since the industrial revolution whilst, it has been ...
Thermal physiology and species distribution models
... equatorial ectotherms, which also occupy thermal environments closer in their Topt resulting in smaller TSMs. By comparison, more variable temperatures experienced by temperate ectotherms result in broad Tbr, and these species occupy much cooler thermal environments than Topt, resulting in larger TS ...
... equatorial ectotherms, which also occupy thermal environments closer in their Topt resulting in smaller TSMs. By comparison, more variable temperatures experienced by temperate ectotherms result in broad Tbr, and these species occupy much cooler thermal environments than Topt, resulting in larger TS ...
Aalborg Universitet
... 2.1 Climate variability and change in Zimbabwe Climate change leads to variations in the amount of rainfall received, with some regions experiencing too much rainfall which might result in floods while other areas receive less and inconsistent rainfall, which might result in droughts (Hulme et al, 2 ...
... 2.1 Climate variability and change in Zimbabwe Climate change leads to variations in the amount of rainfall received, with some regions experiencing too much rainfall which might result in floods while other areas receive less and inconsistent rainfall, which might result in droughts (Hulme et al, 2 ...
The Missing Science from the Draft National Assessment on Climate Change
... Changes in heavy precipitation have been shown to be influenced by things other than AGW. Influences include among other things, anthropogenic aerosol emissions (e.g., Rosenfeld and Bell, 2011; Li et al., 2011; Koren et al., 2012; Heiblum et al. 2012; Fan et al., 2012), changes in irrigation (e.g., ...
... Changes in heavy precipitation have been shown to be influenced by things other than AGW. Influences include among other things, anthropogenic aerosol emissions (e.g., Rosenfeld and Bell, 2011; Li et al., 2011; Koren et al., 2012; Heiblum et al. 2012; Fan et al., 2012), changes in irrigation (e.g., ...
Climate Change mitigation via Afforestation, Reforestation and
... It is generally assumed that species ranges will shift along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients ...
... It is generally assumed that species ranges will shift along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients ...
On predicting climate under climate change
... and nonlinear systems (Grebogi et al 1987, Chu 1999) literatures but it is often taken to be relatively unimportant for decadal and multi-decadal climate prediction. If this source of uncertainty is not well quantified, however, then multi-model based probabilistic climate predictions will inevitabl ...
... and nonlinear systems (Grebogi et al 1987, Chu 1999) literatures but it is often taken to be relatively unimportant for decadal and multi-decadal climate prediction. If this source of uncertainty is not well quantified, however, then multi-model based probabilistic climate predictions will inevitabl ...
Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central
... sediment lithology indicated reduced lake levels during Greenland stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North ...
... sediment lithology indicated reduced lake levels during Greenland stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.