Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy
... have shifted their distributions in the past in response to changing climates; however, estimates of the rate of warming suggest that it may occur relatively quickly, some 10 times faster than the warming at the end of the recent glacial maximum, for example. It is not known whether species will be ...
... have shifted their distributions in the past in response to changing climates; however, estimates of the rate of warming suggest that it may occur relatively quickly, some 10 times faster than the warming at the end of the recent glacial maximum, for example. It is not known whether species will be ...
The Open Ocean
... many gaps (especially for biodiversity) and/or regulations are not enforced. There is no co-ordination body actively addressing these challenges at global and regional levels. These arrangements should work on common principles. 10. The TWAP Open Ocean assessment method provides a holistic overview ...
... many gaps (especially for biodiversity) and/or regulations are not enforced. There is no co-ordination body actively addressing these challenges at global and regional levels. These arrangements should work on common principles. 10. The TWAP Open Ocean assessment method provides a holistic overview ...
Final Report Appendix 2d - climate change
... above. The national research is focusing on basic research, on describing and understanding regional and sectoral climate phenomenon and developing more and more sophisticated climate models like ECHAM (global atmosphere model), REMO (regional atmosphere model) or Baltimos (integrated regional model ...
... above. The national research is focusing on basic research, on describing and understanding regional and sectoral climate phenomenon and developing more and more sophisticated climate models like ECHAM (global atmosphere model), REMO (regional atmosphere model) or Baltimos (integrated regional model ...
Addressing Climate Change through a Risk Management Lens
... Although climate change is a long‐term problem that will require sustained policy action for a century or longer, it is unlikely that we will be able to set climate policy today for the entire 21st century. Many uncertainties are so profound that they will not be resolved soon and, in some cases, ...
... Although climate change is a long‐term problem that will require sustained policy action for a century or longer, it is unlikely that we will be able to set climate policy today for the entire 21st century. Many uncertainties are so profound that they will not be resolved soon and, in some cases, ...
Annex C: Simulated Changes in Vegetation Distribution under
... Estimation of the potential impacts of global warming should utilize several future climate scenarios, since the magnitude, timing and spatial details of global warming vary among climate models. Most published impacts studies were based on atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) doubled CO 2 ra ...
... Estimation of the potential impacts of global warming should utilize several future climate scenarios, since the magnitude, timing and spatial details of global warming vary among climate models. Most published impacts studies were based on atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) doubled CO 2 ra ...
Understanding Climate Variability : Implications for Water Resources
... Triangle size proportional to runoff changes: ...
... Triangle size proportional to runoff changes: ...
Implications of climate change
... Irrigated agriculture is critical for coping with the unpredictable monsoon rainfall in the Gangetic plain. The basin is home to some of the largest surface water irrigation schemes in the world (e.g., the Upper Ganga system, the areas supplied by the Sarda Sahayak and Surya canals, and the Gandak a ...
... Irrigated agriculture is critical for coping with the unpredictable monsoon rainfall in the Gangetic plain. The basin is home to some of the largest surface water irrigation schemes in the world (e.g., the Upper Ganga system, the areas supplied by the Sarda Sahayak and Surya canals, and the Gandak a ...
World Bank Document - Open Knowledge Repository
... Irrigated agriculture is critical for coping with the unpredictable monsoon rainfall in the Gangetic plain. The basin is home to some of the largest surface water irrigation schemes in the world (e.g., the Upper Ganga system, the areas supplied by the Sarda Sahayak and Surya canals, and the Gandak a ...
... Irrigated agriculture is critical for coping with the unpredictable monsoon rainfall in the Gangetic plain. The basin is home to some of the largest surface water irrigation schemes in the world (e.g., the Upper Ganga system, the areas supplied by the Sarda Sahayak and Surya canals, and the Gandak a ...
Farming in a Changing Climate
... and blocked grain transportation systems. With climate change, the expectation is that temperatures will rise, moisture conditions will change, and many extreme climate events will become more common. Given the effects of recent extreme weather, questions arise about the capacity of agri-food system ...
... and blocked grain transportation systems. With climate change, the expectation is that temperatures will rise, moisture conditions will change, and many extreme climate events will become more common. Given the effects of recent extreme weather, questions arise about the capacity of agri-food system ...
PDF
... state-of-the-art technologies. Thirdly, a panel of detailed bundle-acreage data on both regional and annual bases is accessible from official sources. Finally, daily weather data are available from a high spatial-resolution model (Krichak et al., 2010), which reproduces past climate conditions and s ...
... state-of-the-art technologies. Thirdly, a panel of detailed bundle-acreage data on both regional and annual bases is accessible from official sources. Finally, daily weather data are available from a high spatial-resolution model (Krichak et al., 2010), which reproduces past climate conditions and s ...
Exploring Climate Patterns Embedded in Global Climate Change
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
... 2004; Gero et al ., 2006; Ray et al ., 2006; Betts et al ., 2007; Costa et al ., 2007; Abiodun et al ., 2008; Klingman et al ., 2008; Lee et al ., 2008; Nuñez et al ., 2008; Kvalevåg et al , 2010; Hu et al ., 2010), and global climate (Franchito and Rao, 1992; Wu and Raman, 1997; DeFries et al ., ...
This background paper focuses specifically on the relationships
... In the case of multidimensional inequality, differences in opportunities and outcomes for marginalized or disadvantaged groups create conditions that negatively affect their exposure, susceptibility, and adaptive capacity to climate change. Disadvantaged people are more vulnerable to climate change ...
... In the case of multidimensional inequality, differences in opportunities and outcomes for marginalized or disadvantaged groups create conditions that negatively affect their exposure, susceptibility, and adaptive capacity to climate change. Disadvantaged people are more vulnerable to climate change ...
Atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate impacts of alternative
... noted above. There is also a marked reduction in EKE in the western equatorial Pacific, in the same region where precipitation decreases. Much of the sub-seasonal variability in the tropics is due to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). As discussed elsewhere (Caballero and Huber, 2010; Arnold et al ...
... noted above. There is also a marked reduction in EKE in the western equatorial Pacific, in the same region where precipitation decreases. Much of the sub-seasonal variability in the tropics is due to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). As discussed elsewhere (Caballero and Huber, 2010; Arnold et al ...
An econometric analysis of determinants of climate change attitudes
... J. et al., 2011; Rahmstorf, 2003; Rial, 2004; Jousel et al., 1994; Clark et al., 1999). The evidence for rapid climate change is compelling: sea-level rise; global temperature rise; warming of oceans; shrinking ice sheets; declining Arctic sea ice; glacial retreat; ocean acidification (IPCC Fourth A ...
... J. et al., 2011; Rahmstorf, 2003; Rial, 2004; Jousel et al., 1994; Clark et al., 1999). The evidence for rapid climate change is compelling: sea-level rise; global temperature rise; warming of oceans; shrinking ice sheets; declining Arctic sea ice; glacial retreat; ocean acidification (IPCC Fourth A ...
pdf - Framsenteret AS
... the project partners (Tømmervik and Callaghan) joined a consortium of a total of 21 scientists, who analyzed changes in temperature difference between seasons and the concomitant change in seasonality over northern lands in the period 1982-2011. Extension of the growing season (Photosyntetic Active ...
... the project partners (Tømmervik and Callaghan) joined a consortium of a total of 21 scientists, who analyzed changes in temperature difference between seasons and the concomitant change in seasonality over northern lands in the period 1982-2011. Extension of the growing season (Photosyntetic Active ...
Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human
... press; Zhan et al., in press). Lahmer et al. (2001) indicated that climate change is the dominant factor that affects the change of streamflow in wet regions, while human activities such as some extreme land-use change only resulted in comparatively small impacts on regional water balance. Similar re ...
... press; Zhan et al., in press). Lahmer et al. (2001) indicated that climate change is the dominant factor that affects the change of streamflow in wet regions, while human activities such as some extreme land-use change only resulted in comparatively small impacts on regional water balance. Similar re ...
Assessment of impacts of agricultural and climate change scenarios
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
PDF
... result in production declines. Higher temperatures in key producing areas typically result in reduced yields of desirable crops whilst extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms can exacerbate food security problems. In a changing climate, production gains are projected in some regi ...
... result in production declines. Higher temperatures in key producing areas typically result in reduced yields of desirable crops whilst extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms can exacerbate food security problems. In a changing climate, production gains are projected in some regi ...
PDF
... temperatures and the way in which land was acquired, significantly affected awareness of climate change. Variables that significantly affected adaptation selections were gender, formal extension, information received about climate change, temperatures and ...
... temperatures and the way in which land was acquired, significantly affected awareness of climate change. Variables that significantly affected adaptation selections were gender, formal extension, information received about climate change, temperatures and ...
PDF Fulltext
... Now people of Indian Sunderban have no option to go with their earlier choice of agriculture. They have to find some other way to get their job in their changing environment. So, a significant change should be observed in occupational pattern of those people. Sharp declines in the number of main wor ...
... Now people of Indian Sunderban have no option to go with their earlier choice of agriculture. They have to find some other way to get their job in their changing environment. So, a significant change should be observed in occupational pattern of those people. Sharp declines in the number of main wor ...
Glacier variations and climate change in the central Himalaya over
... increased in the central Himalaya in the past few decades as inferred from the ice-core d18O records. Meteorological station data reveal that this is the case. Figure 3 shows the annual and summer (June–August) mean temperatures from the meteorological stations at Dingri (4300 m a.s.l.), located 80 ...
... increased in the central Himalaya in the past few decades as inferred from the ice-core d18O records. Meteorological station data reveal that this is the case. Figure 3 shows the annual and summer (June–August) mean temperatures from the meteorological stations at Dingri (4300 m a.s.l.), located 80 ...
Adaptation to climate change starts with human–environment
... is ideally carried out with stakeholders, and may result in different stakeholder-specific coping ranges for the one activity. For example, dryland and irrigation farmers have very different coping ranges with regard to seasonal rainfall, with dryland farmers requiring regular rainfall to maintain s ...
... is ideally carried out with stakeholders, and may result in different stakeholder-specific coping ranges for the one activity. For example, dryland and irrigation farmers have very different coping ranges with regard to seasonal rainfall, with dryland farmers requiring regular rainfall to maintain s ...
Future Change of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone
... predict different patterns in the eastern Pacific and NA. The authors attributed this inconsistency to inadequate TC genesis in the lower-resolution (T63) model, suggesting the importance of using very high-resolution models. Knutson et al. (2008) used a nonhydrostatic regional model with a grid spa ...
... predict different patterns in the eastern Pacific and NA. The authors attributed this inconsistency to inadequate TC genesis in the lower-resolution (T63) model, suggesting the importance of using very high-resolution models. Knutson et al. (2008) used a nonhydrostatic regional model with a grid spa ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.