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Ought and Reality - Scandinavian Studies in Law
Ought and Reality - Scandinavian Studies in Law

... appointment to the Chair of Practical Philosophy in the University of Uppsala. It was published in April as “Om moraliska föreställningars sanning” (On the Truth of Moral Ideas) although his intended title was “Verklighet och Böra” (Reality and Ought). Thus Thomas Mautner informs us in his edition o ...
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... DESCRIPTION: Egalitarians believe that distributive justice requires the equal distribution of certain goods. This view has some initial attractions, such as, for example, its appeal to our sense of fairness and to our sense that distributive justice should pay particular attention to the worst-off ...
Aztec Philosophy - University Press of Colorado
Aztec Philosophy - University Press of Colorado

... Because one cannot adequately understand Nahua theology, religion, and ritual as well as ethical, political, epistemological, and aesthetic thinking and activity without first understanding Nahua metaphysics, I devote this work to Nahua metaphysics. Nahua ethics, epistemology, political philosophy, ...
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Chapter One: Introduction

... caused by prejudice in the economy of credibility; and that hermeneutical injustice is caused by structural prejudice in the economy of collective hermeneutical resources. ...
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... would have been easy to find a positive term if it has been tried to assert dogmatically the oneness of all reality as a positive conclusion. The Advaita does not positively assert this oneness; it simply denies the dualism which presents itself in our ordinary thinking. This distinction is not only ...
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Postmodernism in a Nutshell

... text – and rearrange the fragments after his/hers own liking, generating a new perspective that may either revitalize of critique the original text. In philosophy, neo-pragmatism sustains that the meaning of words do not refer to extra-linguistic entities and objects but to other words. Derrida, for ...
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the fragility of consciousness: lonergan and the postmodern concern

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Sophism and Moral Agnosticism, or, How to Tell a Relativist from a

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Sophism and Moral Agnosticism, or How to Tell A Relativist from A
Sophism and Moral Agnosticism, or How to Tell A Relativist from A

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Hume`s Source of the “Impression
Hume`s Source of the “Impression

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Scholar`s Session on David Wood - Vanderbilt College of Arts and
Scholar`s Session on David Wood - Vanderbilt College of Arts and

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Advances in Environmental Biology
Advances in Environmental Biology

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Ethics For The Post-Critical Era - Missouri Western State University
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... intellectuals, of the critical movement in philosophy initiated by Descartes, the view of the natural world formulated by Newton, and the articulation of these views in the philosophy of Kant. The critical period of Western thought coincided with the rise of modern science. Both the critical movemen ...
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Dewey`s Aesthetic Experience in the Nature

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Logos and Forms in Phaedo 96a-102a
Logos and Forms in Phaedo 96a-102a

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The Philosophy of Sleep: The Views of Descartes, Locke and
The Philosophy of Sleep: The Views of Descartes, Locke and

... the Soul in such a state of thinking, does very little, if at all, to excel that of a Looking-glass, which constantly receives variety of Images, or Ideas, but retains none; they disappear and vanish, and there remain no footsteps of them; the Looking-glass is never the better for such Ideas, nor th ...
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Aesthetics as Philosophy of Experience

... and the Continental philosophers see philosophy more as a discussion of special problems. In the field of Aesthetics, however, the difference appears even more pronounced, and certainly more relevant than in other fields of research. For more than fifty years, between the 1950s and the early 2000s, Anal ...
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... than an active substance. But for Spinoza, this merely invites the question “in virtue of what are all exercises of active force exercises of the same active force?” Herder appeals specifically to living force to account for the specific characteristic activity of living things, while Spinoza holds th ...
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Rationalism

In epistemology, rationalism is the view that ""regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"" or ""any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification"". More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory ""in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive"". Rationalists believe reality has an intrinsically logical structure. Because of this, rationalists argue that certain truths exist and that the intellect can directly grasp these truths. That is to say, rationalists assert that certain rational principles exist in logic, mathematics, ethics, and metaphysics that are so fundamentally true that denying them causes one to fall into contradiction. Rationalists have such a high confidence in reason that empirical proof and physical evidence are unnecessary to ascertain truth – in other words, ""there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience"". Because of this belief, empiricism is one of rationalism's greatest rivals.Different degrees of emphasis on this method or theory lead to a range of rationalist standpoints, from the moderate position ""that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge"" to the more extreme position that reason is ""the unique path to knowledge"". Given a pre-modern understanding of reason, rationalism is identical to philosophy, the Socratic life of inquiry, or the zetetic (skeptical) clear interpretation of authority (open to the underlying or essential cause of things as they appear to our sense of certainty). In recent decades, Leo Strauss sought to revive ""Classical Political Rationalism"" as a discipline that understands the task of reasoning, not as foundational, but as maieutic. Rationalism should not be confused with rationality, nor with rationalization.In politics, Rationalism, since the Enlightenment, historically emphasized a ""politics of reason"" centered upon rational choice, utilitarianism, secularism, and irreligion – the latter aspect's antitheism later ameliorated by utilitarian adoption of pluralistic rationalist methods practicable regardless of religious or irreligious ideology.In this regard, the philosopher John Cottingham noted how rationalism, a methodology, became socially conflated with atheism, a worldview: In the past, particularly in the 17th and 18th centuries, the term 'rationalist' was often used to refer to free thinkers of an anti-clerical and anti-religious outlook, and for a time the word acquired a distinctly pejorative force (thus in 1670 Sanderson spoke disparagingly of 'a mere rationalist, that is to say in plain English an atheist of the late edition...'). The use of the label 'rationalist' to characterize a world outlook which has no place for the supernatural is becoming less popular today; terms like 'humanist' or 'materialist' seem largely to have taken its place. But the old usage still survives.
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