Climate Change and Variability in the Sahel Region
... in food security, employment and contribution to national Gross Domestic Products (GDPs). The paradox, however, is that agriculture in these countries remains a highly under-developed sector, characterised by (1) an almost total dependency on rainfall; (2) low use of external inputs such as improved ...
... in food security, employment and contribution to national Gross Domestic Products (GDPs). The paradox, however, is that agriculture in these countries remains a highly under-developed sector, characterised by (1) an almost total dependency on rainfall; (2) low use of external inputs such as improved ...
Recent observed climate change over the Arabian Peninsula
... method which avoids the domination of stations with high mean values by averaging the stations time series anomalies. A base reference of 1985–2005 was used to calculate the station normals and anomalies following Jones and Moberg [2003] who used at least 20 years of data within the 30 year period t ...
... method which avoids the domination of stations with high mean values by averaging the stations time series anomalies. A base reference of 1985–2005 was used to calculate the station normals and anomalies following Jones and Moberg [2003] who used at least 20 years of data within the 30 year period t ...
A Brewing Storm: The climate change risks to
... Today, the CO2 concentration in the air is 40 per cent higher than at any time for at least 800,000 years, and may double before 2100, unless emissions are cut.30 One recent two-year study suggests that extra CO2 boosts coffee yields significantly.31 It remains unclear if and to what extent the CO2 ...
... Today, the CO2 concentration in the air is 40 per cent higher than at any time for at least 800,000 years, and may double before 2100, unless emissions are cut.30 One recent two-year study suggests that extra CO2 boosts coffee yields significantly.31 It remains unclear if and to what extent the CO2 ...
... To use accumulation rates of sediment as a proxy for erosion rates, obviously accumulation rates must be quantified. Yet, several obstacles make such quantification difficult. Geologists have a long tradition of measuring sedimentary sections, either from exposures in the field or from drill holes t ...
Vienna Convention Trust Fund Advisory Committee
... But, how are we doing in this accountability phase? There is still important work that needs to be done: Clear signature of recovery is yet to emerge. Systematic ozone observations are decreasing! Just when needed! Stratospheric ozone layer, ozone levels, and climate change are strongly inte ...
... But, how are we doing in this accountability phase? There is still important work that needs to be done: Clear signature of recovery is yet to emerge. Systematic ozone observations are decreasing! Just when needed! Stratospheric ozone layer, ozone levels, and climate change are strongly inte ...
Marine Science - Archimer
... fresher water at depth. The MOC and thermohaline circulation are similar and related concepts, and the difference between the two is explained by Rahmstorf (2006). ...
... fresher water at depth. The MOC and thermohaline circulation are similar and related concepts, and the difference between the two is explained by Rahmstorf (2006). ...
What Is El Niño? - Institute For Global Environmental Strategies
... Pacific that impacts weather worldwide. It is a phenomenon that results from the coupling of the Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere. Sometimes the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean slacken and a wedge of warm water in the western Pacific spreads eastward toward the South American coast, where it trap ...
... Pacific that impacts weather worldwide. It is a phenomenon that results from the coupling of the Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere. Sometimes the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean slacken and a wedge of warm water in the western Pacific spreads eastward toward the South American coast, where it trap ...
Chapter 3 RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: ADAPTATION
... infrastructure, housing, economic base), (3) developing a plan to address those vulnerabilities, and (4) implementing the plan. Such planning puts a premium on information about climate impacts at the particular level of interest. Global climate models are thus less useful than models that can predi ...
... infrastructure, housing, economic base), (3) developing a plan to address those vulnerabilities, and (4) implementing the plan. Such planning puts a premium on information about climate impacts at the particular level of interest. Global climate models are thus less useful than models that can predi ...
The Environmental Turning Point
... testing and weaponry. However, in many ways it was born more out of fear for personal safety than anger for the despoliation of the environment (Shabecoff, 2003), which started the intersection of social justice with environmentalism, something that would come to grow in strength in later waves. Com ...
... testing and weaponry. However, in many ways it was born more out of fear for personal safety than anger for the despoliation of the environment (Shabecoff, 2003), which started the intersection of social justice with environmentalism, something that would come to grow in strength in later waves. Com ...
Working with Nature to Tackle Climate Change
... Several aspects of the interrelationship between biodiversity and climate change are relevant to the tasks of the ENCA Network5 and its members. There is a growing body of literature and discussion on all of these, and it is not our intention to repeat what has already been said. Rather, we have sou ...
... Several aspects of the interrelationship between biodiversity and climate change are relevant to the tasks of the ENCA Network5 and its members. There is a growing body of literature and discussion on all of these, and it is not our intention to repeat what has already been said. Rather, we have sou ...
volcanic eruptions and climate - Alan Robock
... Many volcanic emissions are from the sides of mountains, above the atmospheric boundary layer, and thus they have longer lifetimes than anthropogenic aerosols. Radiative forcing (measured at the surface) from such emissions is estimated to be about ⫺0.2 W m⫺2 for the globe and ⫺0.3 W m⫺2 for the NH, ...
... Many volcanic emissions are from the sides of mountains, above the atmospheric boundary layer, and thus they have longer lifetimes than anthropogenic aerosols. Radiative forcing (measured at the surface) from such emissions is estimated to be about ⫺0.2 W m⫺2 for the globe and ⫺0.3 W m⫺2 for the NH, ...
SHAKY SCIENCE: INCONVENIENT TRUTHS CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
... pollutants in the atmosphere. We are interested in commenters’ views on whether and how developing air quality criteria for GHGs [greenhouse gases] would differ from developing such criteria for other pollutants such as ozone and particular matter, given the long-lived nature of GHGs and the breadth ...
... pollutants in the atmosphere. We are interested in commenters’ views on whether and how developing air quality criteria for GHGs [greenhouse gases] would differ from developing such criteria for other pollutants such as ozone and particular matter, given the long-lived nature of GHGs and the breadth ...
36 - Ecology and Society
... were constructed, going from climate drivers to societal consequences and possible adaptation strategies, based on expert workshops and literature surveys. At the first workshop, we had experts on climate change effects on ecosystem services, societal consequences, as well as societal adaptation str ...
... were constructed, going from climate drivers to societal consequences and possible adaptation strategies, based on expert workshops and literature surveys. At the first workshop, we had experts on climate change effects on ecosystem services, societal consequences, as well as societal adaptation str ...
Future changes in the supply of goods and services - Munin
... were constructed, going from climate drivers to societal consequences and possible adaptation strategies, based on expert workshops and literature surveys. At the first workshop, we had experts on climate change effects on ecosystem services, societal consequences, as well as societal adaptation str ...
... were constructed, going from climate drivers to societal consequences and possible adaptation strategies, based on expert workshops and literature surveys. At the first workshop, we had experts on climate change effects on ecosystem services, societal consequences, as well as societal adaptation str ...
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND CLIMATE
... Many volcanic emissions are from the sides of mountains, above the atmospheric boundary layer, and thus they have longer lifetimes than anthropogenic aerosols. Radiative forcing (measured at the surface) from such emissions is estimated to be about ⫺0.2 W m⫺2 for the globe and ⫺0.3 W m⫺2 for the NH, ...
... Many volcanic emissions are from the sides of mountains, above the atmospheric boundary layer, and thus they have longer lifetimes than anthropogenic aerosols. Radiative forcing (measured at the surface) from such emissions is estimated to be about ⫺0.2 W m⫺2 for the globe and ⫺0.3 W m⫺2 for the NH, ...
Impacts of temperature on giant panda habitat in the north Minshan
... elevation of the study area were classified as suitable, subsuitable, and ordinary (Table 1). In the Minshan mountains range, giant pandas feed on several bamboo species, among which Fargesia denudata is the most important food source (accounting for 80.5%). Therefore, areas where this species occur ...
... elevation of the study area were classified as suitable, subsuitable, and ordinary (Table 1). In the Minshan mountains range, giant pandas feed on several bamboo species, among which Fargesia denudata is the most important food source (accounting for 80.5%). Therefore, areas where this species occur ...
FINAL 2014 2015 Annual Progress Report
... Climate modeling at Princeton University and GFDL is continually producing new models, including atmospheric, oceanic and land models, coupled models, chemistry-radiative forcing models, cloud resolving models with new microphysics, and a non-hydrostatic limited area model. These models may, in prin ...
... Climate modeling at Princeton University and GFDL is continually producing new models, including atmospheric, oceanic and land models, coupled models, chemistry-radiative forcing models, cloud resolving models with new microphysics, and a non-hydrostatic limited area model. These models may, in prin ...
Rethinking Private Land Conservation in the
... Little time need be spent discussing the types of climate change, and associated problems, that the nation and World will face over the next century and beyond. By now the litany is well known,6 and in most cases climate change is already taking place. Temperatures in many regions will increase. Ind ...
... Little time need be spent discussing the types of climate change, and associated problems, that the nation and World will face over the next century and beyond. By now the litany is well known,6 and in most cases climate change is already taking place. Temperatures in many regions will increase. Ind ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... these constraints are not useful. Moreover, we do not need a theory of justice tell us that we need to comply with these constraints: we do not need a theory of justice to tell us to get out of the way of a moving train. The second step, detailed in Chapter 3, focuses on the problems of trying to ap ...
... these constraints are not useful. Moreover, we do not need a theory of justice tell us that we need to comply with these constraints: we do not need a theory of justice to tell us to get out of the way of a moving train. The second step, detailed in Chapter 3, focuses on the problems of trying to ap ...
Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on
... The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective and reliable information and advi ...
... The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective and reliable information and advi ...
Sep 6, 2014 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... The Climate Establishment has tried to dismiss the Little Ice Age as a European phenomenon. However, one of Lamb’s students, Tim Ball, uncovered the enormously rich climate and weather records of the Hudson Bay Company. The records cover the Hudson area as far south as the Dakotas and west to south ...
... The Climate Establishment has tried to dismiss the Little Ice Age as a European phenomenon. However, one of Lamb’s students, Tim Ball, uncovered the enormously rich climate and weather records of the Hudson Bay Company. The records cover the Hudson area as far south as the Dakotas and west to south ...
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND TRANSNATIONAL
... The causes and effects of climate change have been discussed in a variety of forums for decades. Indeed, over the years, the realization that humanity was and is a chief contributor to the problem has only grown. In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to coordi ...
... The causes and effects of climate change have been discussed in a variety of forums for decades. Indeed, over the years, the realization that humanity was and is a chief contributor to the problem has only grown. In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to coordi ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... costs of policies to abate and adapt to it. It is designed to help policy makers understand the costs and benefits of action and inaction. PAGE09 is an updated version of the PAGE2002 integrated assessment model. PAGE2002 was used to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the ...
... costs of policies to abate and adapt to it. It is designed to help policy makers understand the costs and benefits of action and inaction. PAGE09 is an updated version of the PAGE2002 integrated assessment model. PAGE2002 was used to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the ...
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...