Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic
... and if anything this surface cooling strengthened the AMOC at least during the first part of the LIA. The fact that LIA coldness seems to have been even more pronounced in South America than in Europe18 further argues against a weak AMOC, as the latter would have warmed the Southern Hemisphere. The ...
... and if anything this surface cooling strengthened the AMOC at least during the first part of the LIA. The fact that LIA coldness seems to have been even more pronounced in South America than in Europe18 further argues against a weak AMOC, as the latter would have warmed the Southern Hemisphere. The ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... costs of policies to abate and adapt to it. It is designed to help policy makers understand the costs and benefits of action and inaction. PAGE09 is an updated version of the PAGE2002 integrated assessment model. PAGE2002 was used to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the ...
... costs of policies to abate and adapt to it. It is designed to help policy makers understand the costs and benefits of action and inaction. PAGE09 is an updated version of the PAGE2002 integrated assessment model. PAGE2002 was used to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the ...
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... farmer’s optimization problem. For instance, choosing fixed calendar periods for climate variables assumes a fixed growing season. Ortiz-Bobea and Just show that such a restriction overestimates corn yields damages by 30 to 70% under a 5ºF warming scenario in the Upper Midwest. They rely on the fact ...
... farmer’s optimization problem. For instance, choosing fixed calendar periods for climate variables assumes a fixed growing season. Ortiz-Bobea and Just show that such a restriction overestimates corn yields damages by 30 to 70% under a 5ºF warming scenario in the Upper Midwest. They rely on the fact ...
ADAPTATION OPTIONS IN AGRICULTURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
... change (IPCC 1996; 2001), adaptation in agriculture has still received little explicit consideration in the impact assessment literature (Chiotti and Johnston 1995). This is partly because many studies do not go beyond estimating crop yield responses, essentially ignoring human decision-making in th ...
... change (IPCC 1996; 2001), adaptation in agriculture has still received little explicit consideration in the impact assessment literature (Chiotti and Johnston 1995). This is partly because many studies do not go beyond estimating crop yield responses, essentially ignoring human decision-making in th ...
Blue Jeans, Chewing Gum, and Climate Change Litigation
... climate change litigation model in its exact form, it is certainly possible that other types of climate change litigation—albeit founded in statutes and regulations—might emerge via both parens patriae action and under other theories, influenced by similar litigation models that have occurred across ...
... climate change litigation model in its exact form, it is certainly possible that other types of climate change litigation—albeit founded in statutes and regulations—might emerge via both parens patriae action and under other theories, influenced by similar litigation models that have occurred across ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... 2.1.1. OBSERVED AND PROJECTED COASTAL WATER TEMPERATURES. Global climate change is being driven predominantly by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (principally methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and tropospheric ozone) in the atmosphere. For example, the concentra ...
... 2.1.1. OBSERVED AND PROJECTED COASTAL WATER TEMPERATURES. Global climate change is being driven predominantly by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (principally methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and tropospheric ozone) in the atmosphere. For example, the concentra ...
Death by Degrees: North Carolina
... Climate change means extremes. Greenhouse gas concentrations increase heat and moisture in the atmosphere. Heat and water vapor create instability, leading to more frequent and possibly more severe weather activity,14 including thunderstorms, lightning strikes and floods. Increased precipitation cou ...
... Climate change means extremes. Greenhouse gas concentrations increase heat and moisture in the atmosphere. Heat and water vapor create instability, leading to more frequent and possibly more severe weather activity,14 including thunderstorms, lightning strikes and floods. Increased precipitation cou ...
Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of
... sensitive to climate warming? The above considerations suggest indicator traits that may predict species most vulnerable to climate warming: specifically, vulnerable species are likely to be thermal specialists, to be active at Tb that are near (or even above) To [6,9,68,69] and to have limited capa ...
... sensitive to climate warming? The above considerations suggest indicator traits that may predict species most vulnerable to climate warming: specifically, vulnerable species are likely to be thermal specialists, to be active at Tb that are near (or even above) To [6,9,68,69] and to have limited capa ...
Implications of Climate Change for Armed Conflict
... envisioned the core foreign-policy challenge for the twenty-first century as the ‘political and strategic impact of surging populations, spreading disease, deforestation and soil erosion, water depletion, air pollution, and possibly, rising sea levels – developments that will prompt mass migration a ...
... envisioned the core foreign-policy challenge for the twenty-first century as the ‘political and strategic impact of surging populations, spreading disease, deforestation and soil erosion, water depletion, air pollution, and possibly, rising sea levels – developments that will prompt mass migration a ...
Case Study: Climate Change Resilience of Melbourne
... Science indicates that climate change is occurring1, and represents a global risk which demands an urgent multilateral response.2 The high uncertainty in the range of possible outcomes of climate change stresses the need for immediate strategic action. Whilst international efforts in responding to c ...
... Science indicates that climate change is occurring1, and represents a global risk which demands an urgent multilateral response.2 The high uncertainty in the range of possible outcomes of climate change stresses the need for immediate strategic action. Whilst international efforts in responding to c ...
Selected International Legal Materials on Global Warming and
... .1 There has been an observed increaseof globally-averaged temperature of 0.7 Cin the past century which is consistent with theoretical greenhousegaspredictions. The accelerating increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, if continued, will resultin a probable rise in the mean ...
... .1 There has been an observed increaseof globally-averaged temperature of 0.7 Cin the past century which is consistent with theoretical greenhousegaspredictions. The accelerating increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, if continued, will resultin a probable rise in the mean ...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
Annex II Risk profile outline
... change may impact the long-range transport and environmental impacts, as well as the conditional expression of physicochemical properties, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity of hazardous substances. The findings of observed and predicted climate change impacts and their predicted interactions ...
... change may impact the long-range transport and environmental impacts, as well as the conditional expression of physicochemical properties, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity of hazardous substances. The findings of observed and predicted climate change impacts and their predicted interactions ...
ece10 Thum neu 13962352 en
... from slight gains to losses of around 10 percent of world GDP [Tol (2010)]. Even though the large uncertainty is frequently mentioned, it is hardly ever taken into account when modeling policy choices on climate policy. A rare exception is Kane and Shogren (2000) who view climate policy as a choice ...
... from slight gains to losses of around 10 percent of world GDP [Tol (2010)]. Even though the large uncertainty is frequently mentioned, it is hardly ever taken into account when modeling policy choices on climate policy. A rare exception is Kane and Shogren (2000) who view climate policy as a choice ...
Climate Change in Kiana, Alaska - Alaska Native Tribal Health
... and gathering wild foods and materials they need from the land, the river and the sea. The most important subsistence species are caribou, salmon, whitefish, and moose but over 50 other varieties of plants, waterfowl, fish, and wildlife are also harvested (ADF&G, 2006). Climate change refers to chan ...
... and gathering wild foods and materials they need from the land, the river and the sea. The most important subsistence species are caribou, salmon, whitefish, and moose but over 50 other varieties of plants, waterfowl, fish, and wildlife are also harvested (ADF&G, 2006). Climate change refers to chan ...
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... divergence in optimal land use between private landowners and social planners; and (4) determine how a drier climate will affect wetlands across the heterogeneous regions of the PPR. Howitt’s (1995) positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach is used to calibrate a land-use model for the PPR st ...
... divergence in optimal land use between private landowners and social planners; and (4) determine how a drier climate will affect wetlands across the heterogeneous regions of the PPR. Howitt’s (1995) positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach is used to calibrate a land-use model for the PPR st ...
Climate Change Impact on Public Health in the Russian Arctic
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
Climate Change Assessment for the San Juan Mountain Regions
... Southwestern Colorado has warmed about 1.1 degree Celsius (°C) (2.0 degrees Fahrenheit [°F]) in the last three decades (i.e., 1977 to 2007). This rate of warming is the same as for western Colorado, but greater than the western United States, or any other region of the United States except Alaska. T ...
... Southwestern Colorado has warmed about 1.1 degree Celsius (°C) (2.0 degrees Fahrenheit [°F]) in the last three decades (i.e., 1977 to 2007). This rate of warming is the same as for western Colorado, but greater than the western United States, or any other region of the United States except Alaska. T ...
Climate change challenges Tuvalu
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
Chapter 4: Food Production
... non-commercial food supply), but common challenges did emerge, including threats to food supply from increased losses from invasive pests and diseases, and risks to the transportation systems upon which the sectors rely. The net medium-term outlook is for a likely modest increase in agricultural foo ...
... non-commercial food supply), but common challenges did emerge, including threats to food supply from increased losses from invasive pests and diseases, and risks to the transportation systems upon which the sectors rely. The net medium-term outlook is for a likely modest increase in agricultural foo ...
mop4_27_climate_change_report_0
... Source: Rare Bird Alert. Note: data from 2008 are 1 Jan – 19 Feb inclusive, but are considered to span two-months. ......................................................................... 22 Figure 5. Distribution change in Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica between the winter of 1998/99 and 2003/0 ...
... Source: Rare Bird Alert. Note: data from 2008 are 1 Jan – 19 Feb inclusive, but are considered to span two-months. ......................................................................... 22 Figure 5. Distribution change in Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica between the winter of 1998/99 and 2003/0 ...
Ecological footprint, climate change and cities
... of transferable new diseases. In this area important role is played by vegetation. Unfortunately, vegetation management is in spatial planning often neglected. Use of appropriate building materials is also an important issue. Our publication tries to outline theoretical assumptions of climate change ...
... of transferable new diseases. In this area important role is played by vegetation. Unfortunately, vegetation management is in spatial planning often neglected. Use of appropriate building materials is also an important issue. Our publication tries to outline theoretical assumptions of climate change ...