No consensus on consensus
... inconclusive, and uses consensus as a proxy for truth through a negotiated interpretation of the inconclusive body of scientific evidence. The ‘consensus to power’ strategy reflects a specific vision of how politics deals with scientific uncertainties [40] and endeavors to create a knowledge base fo ...
... inconclusive, and uses consensus as a proxy for truth through a negotiated interpretation of the inconclusive body of scientific evidence. The ‘consensus to power’ strategy reflects a specific vision of how politics deals with scientific uncertainties [40] and endeavors to create a knowledge base fo ...
Major Impacts and Vulnerabilities for Asia
... Figure SPM-1: Locations at which systematic long-term studies meet stringent criteria documenting recent temperature-related regional climate change impacts on physical and biological systems. Hydrology, glacial retreat, and sea-ice data represent decadal to century trends. Terrestrial and marine e ...
... Figure SPM-1: Locations at which systematic long-term studies meet stringent criteria documenting recent temperature-related regional climate change impacts on physical and biological systems. Hydrology, glacial retreat, and sea-ice data represent decadal to century trends. Terrestrial and marine e ...
Planning for the impact of sea-level rise on U.S. national parks
... the Greenland ice sheet alone raised the global mean sea level by an average 0.21 ± 0.07 mm/yr (0.01 ± 0.002 in/yr) from 1993 to 2003 (IPCC 2007). Archer and Rahmstorf (2010) calculated that if both the entire Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, global sea levels would rise by around 65 ...
... the Greenland ice sheet alone raised the global mean sea level by an average 0.21 ± 0.07 mm/yr (0.01 ± 0.002 in/yr) from 1993 to 2003 (IPCC 2007). Archer and Rahmstorf (2010) calculated that if both the entire Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, global sea levels would rise by around 65 ...
A Global Warming: Correcting the Data Surface temperatures are rising, but probably
... described in the next paragraph) shows land-based warming of an average of 0.27°C (0.49°F) per decade, while overall global warming, because of the prevalence of ocean, is 0.17°C (0.31°F) per decade. Assuming 70 percent of the surface of the earth is ocean, this yields a surface atmospheric warming ...
... described in the next paragraph) shows land-based warming of an average of 0.27°C (0.49°F) per decade, while overall global warming, because of the prevalence of ocean, is 0.17°C (0.31°F) per decade. Assuming 70 percent of the surface of the earth is ocean, this yields a surface atmospheric warming ...
13. Bibliography
... ounty=anaheim&_cityTown=anaheim&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&Active GeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2005_S ...
... ounty=anaheim&_cityTown=anaheim&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&Active GeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2005_S ...
1. introduction
... persistently. Even if the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thou ...
... persistently. Even if the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thou ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments Hands-On Training
... the mean of the median model of the latest Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the ...
... the mean of the median model of the latest Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the ...
Science of Climate Change
... stated that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal”; and that there was a greater than 90 percent probability that most of the warming since the mid-20th century had been caused by the rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations due to human activities since the start of the industr ...
... stated that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal”; and that there was a greater than 90 percent probability that most of the warming since the mid-20th century had been caused by the rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations due to human activities since the start of the industr ...
Vulnerability of island countries in the South Pacific
... the studies, suggestions relevant to the islands in the South Pacific were formed focusing on the protection of land and prevention of coastal erosion. There are many cases where coastal settlements need to construct seawalls for protection or landfill to meet the requirement for land due to populat ...
... the studies, suggestions relevant to the islands in the South Pacific were formed focusing on the protection of land and prevention of coastal erosion. There are many cases where coastal settlements need to construct seawalls for protection or landfill to meet the requirement for land due to populat ...
... Process Understanding (Chapters 6 and 7): this section consists of two end-to-end chapters, covering all relevant aspects from observations, process understanding, to projections from global to regional scale. Chapter 6 will cover the carbon cycle and its interactions with other biogeochemical cycle ...
Climate Change and its Effects on Humans
... ccelerated climate change is anticipated to have wide-ranging effects on the future sustainability of the Earth due to adverse ecological, social and economic impacts (Stern 2006; McMullen and Jabbour 2009). The driving force is an increase in the Earth’s temperature as a result of human activities ...
... ccelerated climate change is anticipated to have wide-ranging effects on the future sustainability of the Earth due to adverse ecological, social and economic impacts (Stern 2006; McMullen and Jabbour 2009). The driving force is an increase in the Earth’s temperature as a result of human activities ...
Jenouvrier, S., H. Caswell, C. Barbraud, M. Holland, J. Stroeve, and
... we note that the 56-year penguin observation period includes 10 warm events, for a frequency of w o ⫽ 10/56 ⫽ 0.18 (dotted line of Fig. 2B). Thus, for each climate model, we calculated the SIE threshold that produced a frequency of w o ⫽ 0.18 over the observation period; these thresholds range fro ...
... we note that the 56-year penguin observation period includes 10 warm events, for a frequency of w o ⫽ 10/56 ⫽ 0.18 (dotted line of Fig. 2B). Thus, for each climate model, we calculated the SIE threshold that produced a frequency of w o ⫽ 0.18 over the observation period; these thresholds range fro ...
Spring 2008
... of how the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles, including human actions, interact with the climate system. Together, they have made great strides in developing and applying predictive models of climate the physics backbone of the ESM. Ranked among the world’s best, GFDL’s climate models have been successf ...
... of how the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles, including human actions, interact with the climate system. Together, they have made great strides in developing and applying predictive models of climate the physics backbone of the ESM. Ranked among the world’s best, GFDL’s climate models have been successf ...
Climate Change and Variability over Malaysia
... is 4.0°C with an upper range of 6.4°C. The corresponding projected sea level rise (SLR) range by 2100, also relative to 1980-1999, is 0.28 – 0.59 m (IPCC 2007a). Such multi-fold increase of temperature and sea level can have disastrous impacts on various sectors. Malaysia will very likely be affecte ...
... is 4.0°C with an upper range of 6.4°C. The corresponding projected sea level rise (SLR) range by 2100, also relative to 1980-1999, is 0.28 – 0.59 m (IPCC 2007a). Such multi-fold increase of temperature and sea level can have disastrous impacts on various sectors. Malaysia will very likely be affecte ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COASTAL AREAS
... The Bruun rule can be applied to correlate sea-level rise with eroding beaches. The Bruun rule estimates the response of the shoreline profile to sea-level rise. This simple model states that the beach profile is a parabolic function whose parameters are entirely determined by the mean water level a ...
... The Bruun rule can be applied to correlate sea-level rise with eroding beaches. The Bruun rule estimates the response of the shoreline profile to sea-level rise. This simple model states that the beach profile is a parabolic function whose parameters are entirely determined by the mean water level a ...
Citizens Guide (30 pp.)
... Throughout the summary, the IPCC uses a consistent set of terms to describe how certain we can be about a particular finding, how high the level of agreement on a particular point, or how likely a future scenario. Here is the IPCC text explaining those terms: The IPCC uncertainty guidance note1 defi ...
... Throughout the summary, the IPCC uses a consistent set of terms to describe how certain we can be about a particular finding, how high the level of agreement on a particular point, or how likely a future scenario. Here is the IPCC text explaining those terms: The IPCC uncertainty guidance note1 defi ...
Climate Change and its impact on Australias
... In South Eastern Australia Cultural heritage places are likely to be at risk both from environmental changes and from associated shifts in landuse and settlement patterns. The well-treed Great Dividing Range and coastal ranges, and the major National Parks and State Forests associated with them, fac ...
... In South Eastern Australia Cultural heritage places are likely to be at risk both from environmental changes and from associated shifts in landuse and settlement patterns. The well-treed Great Dividing Range and coastal ranges, and the major National Parks and State Forests associated with them, fac ...
AGENDA
... instabilities in Greenland and Antarctica and their sensitivity to warming and implications on sea level rise. Understanding sea ice response, including possible rapid changes and associated feedback mechanisms, regional changes in snow cover and glacier extent and their consequences on the regional ...
... instabilities in Greenland and Antarctica and their sensitivity to warming and implications on sea level rise. Understanding sea ice response, including possible rapid changes and associated feedback mechanisms, regional changes in snow cover and glacier extent and their consequences on the regional ...
Box 1.3
... ΔTs = λΔF The reason surface temperature changes in different models are not usually compared directly is that the climate sensitivity is poorly known and varies by a factor of three between different climate models (IPCC, 2001, Chapter 9). Further, climate model studies have shown that, for many fo ...
... ΔTs = λΔF The reason surface temperature changes in different models are not usually compared directly is that the climate sensitivity is poorly known and varies by a factor of three between different climate models (IPCC, 2001, Chapter 9). Further, climate model studies have shown that, for many fo ...
Summary report on the in-session workshop held at the first
... climate projections. Regarding the issue of the use of information, he noted that, in addition to IPCC information, information from United Nations agencies and other international and regional organizations should be used in the review (see the annex), in particular with regard to research findings ...
... climate projections. Regarding the issue of the use of information, he noted that, in addition to IPCC information, information from United Nations agencies and other international and regional organizations should be used in the review (see the annex), in particular with regard to research findings ...
Update of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Loss: Exponential?
... cause eventual sea level rise of tens of meters, thus practically wiping out thousands of cities located on global coast lines. However, there seems to be little political or public interest in what happens next century and beyond, so reports of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) f ...
... cause eventual sea level rise of tens of meters, thus practically wiping out thousands of cities located on global coast lines. However, there seems to be little political or public interest in what happens next century and beyond, so reports of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) f ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... Alongi DM. 2008. Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and 446 responses to global climate change. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:1–13. [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2007. The world’s mangroves 1980-2005. FAO For. Pap. 153:89. Hooijer A, Silvius M, Wösten H, and ...
... Alongi DM. 2008. Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and 446 responses to global climate change. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:1–13. [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2007. The world’s mangroves 1980-2005. FAO For. Pap. 153:89. Hooijer A, Silvius M, Wösten H, and ...
Climate Science: Is it currently designed to answer questions
... importance of science to the nation, and argued that the government need only adequately support basic science in order for further benefits to emerge. The scientific community felt this paradigm to be an entirely appropriate response by a grateful nation. The next 20 years witnessed truly impressiv ...
... importance of science to the nation, and argued that the government need only adequately support basic science in order for further benefits to emerge. The scientific community felt this paradigm to be an entirely appropriate response by a grateful nation. The next 20 years witnessed truly impressiv ...