Chapter 3 THE BIOSPHERE Introduction
... Carbon Emissions • Carbon is a major example of human impact on biogeochemical cycles. • Carbon released from the burning of fossil fuels has increased exponentially over the last century. ...
... Carbon Emissions • Carbon is a major example of human impact on biogeochemical cycles. • Carbon released from the burning of fossil fuels has increased exponentially over the last century. ...
The concept of potential natural vegetation: an epitaph?
... For centuries, management has dramatically impacted the species composition and structure of most European forests: for timber production, water basin protection, hunting, recreation or other uses. It has directly or indirectly favoured the dominance of certain tree species, caused the disappearance ...
... For centuries, management has dramatically impacted the species composition and structure of most European forests: for timber production, water basin protection, hunting, recreation or other uses. It has directly or indirectly favoured the dominance of certain tree species, caused the disappearance ...
The Age of Western Wildfires
... Our analysis of 42 years of U.S. Forest Service records for 11 Western states shows that: The number of large and very large fires on Forest Service land is increasingly dramatically. Compared to the average year in the 1970’s, in the past decade there were: • 7 times more fires greater than 10,000 ...
... Our analysis of 42 years of U.S. Forest Service records for 11 Western states shows that: The number of large and very large fires on Forest Service land is increasingly dramatically. Compared to the average year in the 1970’s, in the past decade there were: • 7 times more fires greater than 10,000 ...
2010 Sekercioglu OUP Conservation Book
... are expected to increase evaporation and consequent precipitation in some places and raise the likelihood of droughts and fires in other places, both scenarios that would have major consequences for the world’s vegetation (Wright 2005). These changes in turn can lead to further climatic problems, aff ...
... are expected to increase evaporation and consequent precipitation in some places and raise the likelihood of droughts and fires in other places, both scenarios that would have major consequences for the world’s vegetation (Wright 2005). These changes in turn can lead to further climatic problems, aff ...
Effects on Plant and Animal Communities
... Studies that have attempted to determine optimal riparian buffer widths for small mammals have produced conflicting results. Dickson and Williamson (1988) assessed the use of hardwood SMZs by small mammals in forest clearcuts and found that there were significantly more small mammals in narrow SMZs ...
... Studies that have attempted to determine optimal riparian buffer widths for small mammals have produced conflicting results. Dickson and Williamson (1988) assessed the use of hardwood SMZs by small mammals in forest clearcuts and found that there were significantly more small mammals in narrow SMZs ...
Bird response to disturbance varies with forest productivity in the
... structural conditions. On federal lands in the northwestern United States, emphasis has been placed on maintaining habitats for species dependent upon lateseral habitats, such as the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Thus, logging has been reduced to retain old-growth forest habitat ...
... structural conditions. On federal lands in the northwestern United States, emphasis has been placed on maintaining habitats for species dependent upon lateseral habitats, such as the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Thus, logging has been reduced to retain old-growth forest habitat ...
ARTICLE Potential climate change impacts on temperate forest ecosystem processes
... 2012). Additionally, studies typically conducted at plot or stand scales and over relatively short time scales leave gaps in our understanding about the long-term effects of climate change at landscape and regional scales. Ecosystem models, therefore, can be useful tools for assessing the relative i ...
... 2012). Additionally, studies typically conducted at plot or stand scales and over relatively short time scales leave gaps in our understanding about the long-term effects of climate change at landscape and regional scales. Ecosystem models, therefore, can be useful tools for assessing the relative i ...
Edge type defines alien plant species invasions along Pinus
... adjacent subplots of 20 m2 were averaged into one plot of 40 m2. The effects of distance and edge type on seedling density were tested using MANOVA. We tested for the effects of (1) landscape context (GNF, YNP), (2) edge type (burns, highways, clearcuts), (3) distance from the edge (E1–E4 plots) and ...
... adjacent subplots of 20 m2 were averaged into one plot of 40 m2. The effects of distance and edge type on seedling density were tested using MANOVA. We tested for the effects of (1) landscape context (GNF, YNP), (2) edge type (burns, highways, clearcuts), (3) distance from the edge (E1–E4 plots) and ...
Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Over half of all living primates are endangered, many face immediate extinction Most primates live in tropical rain forests that are being destroyed for their natural resources. Some primates are hunted for their meat. Others are victims of the exotic pet trade. ...
... Over half of all living primates are endangered, many face immediate extinction Most primates live in tropical rain forests that are being destroyed for their natural resources. Some primates are hunted for their meat. Others are victims of the exotic pet trade. ...
Are Species Adapted to Their Regeneration Niche, Adult Niche, or
... with common usage, as the environmental conditions in the early phase in the life cycle of a plant (seedling and sapling stage). Seeds may get dispersed to most places and germinate under most environmental conditions (Kyereh et al. 1999; Peña-Claros 2001), but it is the strong early environmental ...
... with common usage, as the environmental conditions in the early phase in the life cycle of a plant (seedling and sapling stage). Seeds may get dispersed to most places and germinate under most environmental conditions (Kyereh et al. 1999; Peña-Claros 2001), but it is the strong early environmental ...
Forest and Wildland Fire Science Synthesis
... pine forests; B) current fires are mostly low- and moderate-intensity, and fire intensity is not increasing currently in the great majority of western U.S. forests; C) high-intensity fire patches (wherein most or all trees are killed), both small and large, were a substantial component of natural fi ...
... pine forests; B) current fires are mostly low- and moderate-intensity, and fire intensity is not increasing currently in the great majority of western U.S. forests; C) high-intensity fire patches (wherein most or all trees are killed), both small and large, were a substantial component of natural fi ...
af`fidavit marc lee i - Office national de l`énergie
... pro-actively take this possibility into account when planning and approving long-term infrastructure; (c) Canada's share of a global carbon budget consistent with keeping global ...
... pro-actively take this possibility into account when planning and approving long-term infrastructure; (c) Canada's share of a global carbon budget consistent with keeping global ...
Peppered Moth
... E. What event caused the tree trunks of many trees in England to turn from light to dark? F. Which variety of moth increased over the ten-year period? G. What is the name of this type of evolutionary change? ...
... E. What event caused the tree trunks of many trees in England to turn from light to dark? F. Which variety of moth increased over the ten-year period? G. What is the name of this type of evolutionary change? ...
2015 Vermont Forest Fragmentation Report
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
CSPR Briefing C SP R B
... Human land use and land use change affects natural sources and sinks of GHGs (IPCC, 2000). Land use change, such as clearing of forest (deforestation), abandonment of land or establishment of vegetation, means changes in carbon stocks which alter the exchange of carbon between the terrestrial ecosys ...
... Human land use and land use change affects natural sources and sinks of GHGs (IPCC, 2000). Land use change, such as clearing of forest (deforestation), abandonment of land or establishment of vegetation, means changes in carbon stocks which alter the exchange of carbon between the terrestrial ecosys ...
Influence of Tree Ontogeny on Plant-Herbivore
... amount of resources allocated to each function, and in particular to defense against herbivores, depends on the physiological priorities at each ontogenetic stage and on resources available for plants at that particular moment of their lives. For example, in young plants it may be a priority to expr ...
... amount of resources allocated to each function, and in particular to defense against herbivores, depends on the physiological priorities at each ontogenetic stage and on resources available for plants at that particular moment of their lives. For example, in young plants it may be a priority to expr ...
Cascadia Wildlands
... consider this reasonable foreseeable action when evaluating if there will be enough older forests in the area for endangered species. The no-action alternative should also consider what projects the BLM will not do, because they are busy doing this one. In the last 5 or 6 years, the Coos Bay BLM has ...
... consider this reasonable foreseeable action when evaluating if there will be enough older forests in the area for endangered species. The no-action alternative should also consider what projects the BLM will not do, because they are busy doing this one. In the last 5 or 6 years, the Coos Bay BLM has ...
Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Larger brain and body size Reduced reliance on the sense of smell Greater degree of color vision Bony plate at the back of the eye socket ...
... Larger brain and body size Reduced reliance on the sense of smell Greater degree of color vision Bony plate at the back of the eye socket ...
Dispersal vacuum in the seedling recruitment of a primate
... who had worked with CAP for at least 3 years and were very familiar with the forest wildlife in this region. 2.3. Estimation of dispersal services As an illustration of relative seed dispersal capabilities of the primate community, we estimated the number of seeds potentially dispersed by L. cana an ...
... who had worked with CAP for at least 3 years and were very familiar with the forest wildlife in this region. 2.3. Estimation of dispersal services As an illustration of relative seed dispersal capabilities of the primate community, we estimated the number of seeds potentially dispersed by L. cana an ...
Forest growth and species distribution in a changing climate
... In C3 species at low CO2 concentration, photosynthesis is limited by Rubisco activity, which shows little response to temperature because effects on maximum capacity and the Michaelis-Menten constant for CO2 largely cancel each other out (Kirschbaum and Farquhar 1984). At high CO2 concentration, on ...
... In C3 species at low CO2 concentration, photosynthesis is limited by Rubisco activity, which shows little response to temperature because effects on maximum capacity and the Michaelis-Menten constant for CO2 largely cancel each other out (Kirschbaum and Farquhar 1984). At high CO2 concentration, on ...
Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in
... Recently, temporal fluctuations in the strengths of inter- duce large fruit or seed crops (i.e. mast) are highly abunactions among species have been of great interest to ecolo- dant, even dominant, members of their communities, the gists6, but these fluctuations have not been integrated into result ...
... Recently, temporal fluctuations in the strengths of inter- duce large fruit or seed crops (i.e. mast) are highly abunactions among species have been of great interest to ecolo- dant, even dominant, members of their communities, the gists6, but these fluctuations have not been integrated into result ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
... In addition, the IMF has started to place considerable emphasis on providing technical assistance to countries that are interested in pricing carbon in their economies and in reforming their energy and environmental tax systems. The IMF recently published a study affirming that carbon pricing should ...
... In addition, the IMF has started to place considerable emphasis on providing technical assistance to countries that are interested in pricing carbon in their economies and in reforming their energy and environmental tax systems. The IMF recently published a study affirming that carbon pricing should ...
Climate change-induced water stress and its
... Climate change will affect water availability differently in Europe – likely a large decrease in Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Ind ...
... Climate change will affect water availability differently in Europe – likely a large decrease in Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Ind ...
plant evolution
... Lycopod trees extinct (smaller forms survive) Large Sphenopsids survive to early Jurassic New Dominant Flora Conifers (Pines) Tree ferns Ferns Gingkos Cycads ...
... Lycopod trees extinct (smaller forms survive) Large Sphenopsids survive to early Jurassic New Dominant Flora Conifers (Pines) Tree ferns Ferns Gingkos Cycads ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.