Classification of Vegetation - Montana Natural Heritage Program
... Site-based sampling divides the vegetated area into units that reflect important environmental and topographic gradients (e.g., slope, aspect, elevation, moisture regime, soil type). Transects that contain the strongest environmental gradients in a region are selected in order to optimize the amount ...
... Site-based sampling divides the vegetated area into units that reflect important environmental and topographic gradients (e.g., slope, aspect, elevation, moisture regime, soil type). Transects that contain the strongest environmental gradients in a region are selected in order to optimize the amount ...
Flowering patterns in a seasonal tropical lowland forest in Western
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
How deer benefit the environment.
... Abstract: High densities of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are believed to cause broad‐scale forest regeneration failure and loss of plant diversity. But, the empirical basis for such presumptions is limited. We, therefore, conducted a survey in western Connecticut,USA, woodlots to ex ...
... Abstract: High densities of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are believed to cause broad‐scale forest regeneration failure and loss of plant diversity. But, the empirical basis for such presumptions is limited. We, therefore, conducted a survey in western Connecticut,USA, woodlots to ex ...
Potentials for greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture
... their physical exposure and their high dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources for agriculture. They only have low adaptive capacity because of poverty, weak institutions and limited access to improved adaptation technologies. Most (sub-)tropical areas are expected to suffer from considera ...
... their physical exposure and their high dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources for agriculture. They only have low adaptive capacity because of poverty, weak institutions and limited access to improved adaptation technologies. Most (sub-)tropical areas are expected to suffer from considera ...
Environmental and geographic factors driving dung beetle
... studies have been carried out in Sabah in Malaysian Borneo (e.g., Davis, 2000a, b; Davis et al., 2001; Ochi et al., 2009; Slade et al., 2011). Davis (2000b) identified 97 different dung beetle species in Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, significantly more than the global average of 57.9 dung b ...
... studies have been carried out in Sabah in Malaysian Borneo (e.g., Davis, 2000a, b; Davis et al., 2001; Ochi et al., 2009; Slade et al., 2011). Davis (2000b) identified 97 different dung beetle species in Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, significantly more than the global average of 57.9 dung b ...
Simulating effects of land use changes on carbon fluxes: past
... the past. They are, however, mitigated by 25% through the feedback of increased atmospheric CO2 stimulating uptake. CO2 stimulated sinks are largely lost when natural lands are converted. Past land use change has eliminated potential future carbon sinks equivalent to emissions of 80–150 Gt C over th ...
... the past. They are, however, mitigated by 25% through the feedback of increased atmospheric CO2 stimulating uptake. CO2 stimulated sinks are largely lost when natural lands are converted. Past land use change has eliminated potential future carbon sinks equivalent to emissions of 80–150 Gt C over th ...
Biotic Interactions in the Tropics - Assets
... Biotic Interactions in the Tropics Their Role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity Tropical ecosystems house a significant proportion of global biodiversity. To understand how these ecosystems function we need to appreciate not only what plants, animals and microbes they contain, but also how they ...
... Biotic Interactions in the Tropics Their Role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity Tropical ecosystems house a significant proportion of global biodiversity. To understand how these ecosystems function we need to appreciate not only what plants, animals and microbes they contain, but also how they ...
Citizen Climate Lesson Plans Grades 9–12
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
... These lesson plans recognize that many opinions exist about approaches society should take in response to climate change. This curriculum avoids “advocating” certain positions. Instead, it strives to provide accurate information from well-respected sources. It presents differing opinions on issues a ...
Two Pines Tract - Charleston County Parks
... TIMBER HARVEST. By virtue of the Easement the owner shall have the right to harvest timber from the Property for commercial purposes pursuant to a Forest Management Plan, to be updated at least every ten (10) years, that is prepared by a registered professional forester and approved by Holder and th ...
... TIMBER HARVEST. By virtue of the Easement the owner shall have the right to harvest timber from the Property for commercial purposes pursuant to a Forest Management Plan, to be updated at least every ten (10) years, that is prepared by a registered professional forester and approved by Holder and th ...
Historical biogeography of the Isthmus of Panama
... divergent environmental change off its two coasts—creating contrasting ecosystems through differential extinction and diversification. Approximately 65 Ma invading marsupials and ungulates of North American ancestry, and xenarthrans of uncertain provenance replaced nearly all South America’s non-vol ...
... divergent environmental change off its two coasts—creating contrasting ecosystems through differential extinction and diversification. Approximately 65 Ma invading marsupials and ungulates of North American ancestry, and xenarthrans of uncertain provenance replaced nearly all South America’s non-vol ...
Disturbance - Paul Keddy
... under certain circumstances, charcoal layers and macrofossils record both the fire history and the vegetation responses to the fire. Sphagnum-dominated peatlands are probably the most abundant peatland type in western boreal North America. Kuhry (1994) studied a series of peat cores to reconstruct f ...
... under certain circumstances, charcoal layers and macrofossils record both the fire history and the vegetation responses to the fire. Sphagnum-dominated peatlands are probably the most abundant peatland type in western boreal North America. Kuhry (1994) studied a series of peat cores to reconstruct f ...
Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic
... teractions and nonlinear relationships is shown in figure 2. contorta var. latifolia–Pinus banksiana) stands that are conA combination of host availability and suitability, beetle poptiguous with transcontinental boreal jack pine forests ulation density, weather, and escape from natural enemies is ( ...
... teractions and nonlinear relationships is shown in figure 2. contorta var. latifolia–Pinus banksiana) stands that are conA combination of host availability and suitability, beetle poptiguous with transcontinental boreal jack pine forests ulation density, weather, and escape from natural enemies is ( ...
Demographic drivers of successional changes in phylogenetic
... sites were interspersed across a broad landscape, thereby avoiding the pitfalls of confounding habitat differences with spatial variables (Chazdon et al. 2011). A previous study using part of the data used here showed that patterns of floristic similarity among tree plots were independent of spatial ...
... sites were interspersed across a broad landscape, thereby avoiding the pitfalls of confounding habitat differences with spatial variables (Chazdon et al. 2011). A previous study using part of the data used here showed that patterns of floristic similarity among tree plots were independent of spatial ...
Flowering Patterns in a Seasonal Tropical Lowland Forest in
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
Succession in Ecosystems
... The pioneer community is usually made up of grasses and weeds. Insects, small mammals, and reptiles make their homes there. ...
... The pioneer community is usually made up of grasses and weeds. Insects, small mammals, and reptiles make their homes there. ...
Read more. - New Generation Plantations
... practices such as grazing, cultivation and herbicides. Young palms are eaten by grazing animals, destroyed by weed killers or ploughed up, so the yatay is unable to regenerate. By comparison, UPM’s forest plantations allow the plants a chance to grow. Herbicide is only applied once per 10-year rotat ...
... practices such as grazing, cultivation and herbicides. Young palms are eaten by grazing animals, destroyed by weed killers or ploughed up, so the yatay is unable to regenerate. By comparison, UPM’s forest plantations allow the plants a chance to grow. Herbicide is only applied once per 10-year rotat ...
Plant communities as drivers of soil respiration
... community composition and diversity on a range of ecosystem processes (Hooper and Vitousek, 1998; Tylianakis et al., 2008; de Deyn et al., 2008). Understanding the process of ecosystem C sequestration is particularly important, because this information underpins government strategies aimed at limiti ...
... community composition and diversity on a range of ecosystem processes (Hooper and Vitousek, 1998; Tylianakis et al., 2008; de Deyn et al., 2008). Understanding the process of ecosystem C sequestration is particularly important, because this information underpins government strategies aimed at limiti ...
1 - WordPress.com
... contribution than all forms of transport combined, and equal to the annual emissions of China or the United States.22 Deforestation from Brazil and Indonesia alone equals 80% of the GHG emissions savings achieved if all nations with required emissions reductions under the Kyoto Protocol meet their t ...
... contribution than all forms of transport combined, and equal to the annual emissions of China or the United States.22 Deforestation from Brazil and Indonesia alone equals 80% of the GHG emissions savings achieved if all nations with required emissions reductions under the Kyoto Protocol meet their t ...
Tips for Writing First-Year Biology Labs
... in diversity and productivity. Because the range of these invasive earthworms will continue to expand as global temperatures increase, it is crucial to understand the scope and mechanism of their impacts on temperate forests. 2. Introduces overview of current, relevant research and usually includes ...
... in diversity and productivity. Because the range of these invasive earthworms will continue to expand as global temperatures increase, it is crucial to understand the scope and mechanism of their impacts on temperate forests. 2. Introduces overview of current, relevant research and usually includes ...
Canada`s Woodland Caribou - Sustainable Forest Management in
... habitat and landscape fragmentation; the site will be less attractive to moose and deer who draw predators; and the area will more closely resemble caribou habitat when it grows back in 50 to 150 years. Roads–especially permanent, allseason roads–fragment caribou habitat, create direct barriers and ...
... habitat and landscape fragmentation; the site will be less attractive to moose and deer who draw predators; and the area will more closely resemble caribou habitat when it grows back in 50 to 150 years. Roads–especially permanent, allseason roads–fragment caribou habitat, create direct barriers and ...
Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost
... the basis of the percentage of the land area underlain by permafrost (Figure 1): the Continuous Permafrost Zone (90 to 100%), the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone (50 to <90%), the Sporadic Permafrost Zone (10 to <50%), and the Isolated Patches Permafrost Zone (0 to <10%) [Brown et al., 1997]. 2.2. ...
... the basis of the percentage of the land area underlain by permafrost (Figure 1): the Continuous Permafrost Zone (90 to 100%), the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone (50 to <90%), the Sporadic Permafrost Zone (10 to <50%), and the Isolated Patches Permafrost Zone (0 to <10%) [Brown et al., 1997]. 2.2. ...
WHY LICHENS MATTER
... Two properties make lichens useful air quality indicators—they are especially sensitive to some important pollutants, and they concentrate many pollutants in proportion to environmental availability. The first property can be used to demonstrate that air pollution is causing environmental harm and w ...
... Two properties make lichens useful air quality indicators—they are especially sensitive to some important pollutants, and they concentrate many pollutants in proportion to environmental availability. The first property can be used to demonstrate that air pollution is causing environmental harm and w ...
Photosynthesis in tropical forests in Rwanda
... there are disagreements of the exactly concentration and when the decline of it began, but approximately 55- 40 Myr ago. Since the early Miocene (~24million year ago) the concentration seems to have been below 370 p.p.m (Pearson, 2002). The concentration of CO2 has been anthropogenic affected since ...
... there are disagreements of the exactly concentration and when the decline of it began, but approximately 55- 40 Myr ago. Since the early Miocene (~24million year ago) the concentration seems to have been below 370 p.p.m (Pearson, 2002). The concentration of CO2 has been anthropogenic affected since ...
Ecosystem Loss and Fragmentation: Synthesis
... of 0.52% per year. A further 2.3 (+/-0.71) million hectares were obviously degraded, a rate of 0.20% a year (Achard et al., 2002; Eva et al., 2003). However, other scientists considered this result to be an underestimate of tropical forest loss, as it only included humid tropical forest, while dry t ...
... of 0.52% per year. A further 2.3 (+/-0.71) million hectares were obviously degraded, a rate of 0.20% a year (Achard et al., 2002; Eva et al., 2003). However, other scientists considered this result to be an underestimate of tropical forest loss, as it only included humid tropical forest, while dry t ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.