DEFORESTATION PATTERNS AND HUMMINGBIRD DIvERSITy IN
... types and significant species diversity. The Amazon rainforest is estimated to include approximately 50.000 terrestrial vascular plant species (Hubbell et al., 2008). The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth and holds a third of the world’s avifauna, containing 1.500 avia ...
... types and significant species diversity. The Amazon rainforest is estimated to include approximately 50.000 terrestrial vascular plant species (Hubbell et al., 2008). The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth and holds a third of the world’s avifauna, containing 1.500 avia ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and
... soils datasets of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), which are currently the highest quality datasets available (Kittel and others 1995). The summaries of C gains or losses for the entire US can mask dramatic regional impacts. In our ...
... soils datasets of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), which are currently the highest quality datasets available (Kittel and others 1995). The summaries of C gains or losses for the entire US can mask dramatic regional impacts. In our ...
Birds defend trees from herbivores in a Neotropical forest canopy
... to plants, but these tests have been conducted in settings with relatively low tree species diversity such as temperate forests (8–11) or agricultural systems (12, 13). Along with high tree species diversity, tropical forests support a high diversity and biomass of leaf-chewing arthropods (14) as we ...
... to plants, but these tests have been conducted in settings with relatively low tree species diversity such as temperate forests (8–11) or agricultural systems (12, 13). Along with high tree species diversity, tropical forests support a high diversity and biomass of leaf-chewing arthropods (14) as we ...
An Introduction To Ecology
... • BSavanna – scattered trees and grasses. • Fire helps increase diversity. • Has rainy season. • CTemperate grassland – seasonal drought, fires prevent tree growth. • Most used for farming. ...
... • BSavanna – scattered trees and grasses. • Fire helps increase diversity. • Has rainy season. • CTemperate grassland – seasonal drought, fires prevent tree growth. • Most used for farming. ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... would like to emphasize that we restrict our analysis here to those changes that affect atmospheric CO2. Other effects of human actions and climate change (e.g., loss of biodiversity and of economic activities currently and potentially related to it) may have impacts that are as large as or even lar ...
... would like to emphasize that we restrict our analysis here to those changes that affect atmospheric CO2. Other effects of human actions and climate change (e.g., loss of biodiversity and of economic activities currently and potentially related to it) may have impacts that are as large as or even lar ...
Planting Hardwood Seedlings in the Central
... acres in 1999. Of that total, approximately 1.3 million acres (48 percent) were planted by private individuals (AF & PA 2001). In the Central Hardwood Region (Fig. 1), forest tree planting by private landowners exceeded 100,000 acres in 1999. Trees are planted for various reasons including, timber p ...
... acres in 1999. Of that total, approximately 1.3 million acres (48 percent) were planted by private individuals (AF & PA 2001). In the Central Hardwood Region (Fig. 1), forest tree planting by private landowners exceeded 100,000 acres in 1999. Trees are planted for various reasons including, timber p ...
- New Zealand Ecological Society
... 2000; Pawson et al. 2008) and host-specific invertebrate herbivores (Brockerhoff et al. 2010). In the case of hostspecific herbivores, New Zealand’s endemic flora is frequently phylogenetically distant from their host plants, which limits their invasion (Brockenhoff et al. 2010). However, this me ...
... 2000; Pawson et al. 2008) and host-specific invertebrate herbivores (Brockerhoff et al. 2010). In the case of hostspecific herbivores, New Zealand’s endemic flora is frequently phylogenetically distant from their host plants, which limits their invasion (Brockenhoff et al. 2010). However, this me ...
OCW: Example Research Proposal
... The effects of rainfall and seasonality on epiphyte community composition Introduction: Tropical forests cover only seven percent of the world’s land area, yet they contain 50 to 80 percent of the world’s plant species. Given that accelerating rates of tropical deforestation are threatening these ec ...
... The effects of rainfall and seasonality on epiphyte community composition Introduction: Tropical forests cover only seven percent of the world’s land area, yet they contain 50 to 80 percent of the world’s plant species. Given that accelerating rates of tropical deforestation are threatening these ec ...
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the Restoration of
... In the past, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) forests were plentiful in the northern regions of the United States, covering vast hectares of land. Pressures from past logging practices in the 1800’s and early 1900’s, and disease such as white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) diminished this ...
... In the past, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) forests were plentiful in the northern regions of the United States, covering vast hectares of land. Pressures from past logging practices in the 1800’s and early 1900’s, and disease such as white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) diminished this ...
Density, distribution, and attributes of tree cavities in an
... in the frequency with which they contained cavities, we compared the proportion of stems with cavities in snags versus live trees separately for palms and hardwoods. We used stem rather than cavity as the unit of replication in these analyses because multiple cavities in a single tree may not repres ...
... in the frequency with which they contained cavities, we compared the proportion of stems with cavities in snags versus live trees separately for palms and hardwoods. We used stem rather than cavity as the unit of replication in these analyses because multiple cavities in a single tree may not repres ...
Ecology and management of oak woodlands and savannahs
... SAVANNAHS? Oak woodlands and savannahs are a successional transition between prairies and forests (Nelson 2010). A sparse overstory of fire-tolerant oak trees distinguishes these communities from prairies and allows sufficient sunlight to reach the ground layer. This sunlight is essential for the de ...
... SAVANNAHS? Oak woodlands and savannahs are a successional transition between prairies and forests (Nelson 2010). A sparse overstory of fire-tolerant oak trees distinguishes these communities from prairies and allows sufficient sunlight to reach the ground layer. This sunlight is essential for the de ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... Terrestrial vegetation responds to weather and climate through a variety of physiological, demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities changes over time (Bonan 20 ...
... Terrestrial vegetation responds to weather and climate through a variety of physiological, demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities changes over time (Bonan 20 ...
Biodiversity Significance of North East India
... PRIORITY SETTING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION North East India has still been able to retain it’s a significant proportion of its biodiversity, possibly due to long years of isolation and difficult terrain but is now under increasing pressure to unleash its resources for economic development. Any d ...
... PRIORITY SETTING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION North East India has still been able to retain it’s a significant proportion of its biodiversity, possibly due to long years of isolation and difficult terrain but is now under increasing pressure to unleash its resources for economic development. Any d ...
Conservation status of Powerful Owl in New South Wales
... The Powerful Owl inhabits eucalypt forests and woodlands, gallery rainforest and inland riverine woodland. It often roosts and nests in dense gully eucalypt forest. Common roost sites are sheltered groves of mid-storey trees, e.g. sheoaks, turpentine, acacias, paperbarks, and rainforest trees. The P ...
... The Powerful Owl inhabits eucalypt forests and woodlands, gallery rainforest and inland riverine woodland. It often roosts and nests in dense gully eucalypt forest. Common roost sites are sheltered groves of mid-storey trees, e.g. sheoaks, turpentine, acacias, paperbarks, and rainforest trees. The P ...
An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of global terrestrial carbon
... oceanic and terrestrial sinks and the rate of emissions (Schimel et al. 1995). Slightly less than half of present day anthropogenic CO2 emission accumulates in the atmosphere and the rest is taken up by land and oceans (House et al. 2003; Le Quere et al. 2009; Prentice et al. 2001). The terrestrial ...
... oceanic and terrestrial sinks and the rate of emissions (Schimel et al. 1995). Slightly less than half of present day anthropogenic CO2 emission accumulates in the atmosphere and the rest is taken up by land and oceans (House et al. 2003; Le Quere et al. 2009; Prentice et al. 2001). The terrestrial ...
Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Coastal Sage Vegetation of Southern California 1 Abstract
... shrubs are adapted to rapid growth during the brief 4 to 6 month rainy period, at which time they likely take up nutrients as rapidly as possible. The growth period is brief in Mediterranean climates, which have a moist winter and spring but the other seasons are dry. However, in an unpolluted situa ...
... shrubs are adapted to rapid growth during the brief 4 to 6 month rainy period, at which time they likely take up nutrients as rapidly as possible. The growth period is brief in Mediterranean climates, which have a moist winter and spring but the other seasons are dry. However, in an unpolluted situa ...
Bird conservation in tropical ecosystems
... but many of these are important in terms of rarity and uniqueness (see Chapter 12). Birds endemic to islands often have relatively small geographical ranges, having diverged from continental ancestors through isolation. This isolation has often resulted in the evolution of flightlessness, fearlessne ...
... but many of these are important in terms of rarity and uniqueness (see Chapter 12). Birds endemic to islands often have relatively small geographical ranges, having diverged from continental ancestors through isolation. This isolation has often resulted in the evolution of flightlessness, fearlessne ...
Growing Oak Trees from Seed
... Oaks are among the most common tree species found throughout the world and are found in nearly every forested region of the United States. Twenty-one species have been reported in Oklahoma. Throughout history, oaks have provided humans and wildlife with shelter, enjoyment, and food. Growing oak tree ...
... Oaks are among the most common tree species found throughout the world and are found in nearly every forested region of the United States. Twenty-one species have been reported in Oklahoma. Throughout history, oaks have provided humans and wildlife with shelter, enjoyment, and food. Growing oak tree ...
Woodland Biodiversity - The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
... Scotland’s relatively treeless landscape was formerly more heavily wooded, with many of the woodlands having been fragmented or removed in relatively recent times to facilitate grazing livestock. We are currently reversing this trend and are poised to accelerate natural regeneration and planting of ...
... Scotland’s relatively treeless landscape was formerly more heavily wooded, with many of the woodlands having been fragmented or removed in relatively recent times to facilitate grazing livestock. We are currently reversing this trend and are poised to accelerate natural regeneration and planting of ...
PDF
... socioeconomic variables in the model. In contrast, previous studies of China’s carbon sequestration typically develop biophysical and biochemical models. Third, it examines the economic efficiency of alternative land use policies such as urban development control and farmland protection as instrumen ...
... socioeconomic variables in the model. In contrast, previous studies of China’s carbon sequestration typically develop biophysical and biochemical models. Third, it examines the economic efficiency of alternative land use policies such as urban development control and farmland protection as instrumen ...
Proceedings of THE CEDAR SYMPOSIUM
... started to click. We discussed what we had seen, what the apparent impacts were, and whether this was unusual or not. It was almost as if from that time on the scales dropped from my eyes and I began to see evidence of deer browsing virtually everywhere I looked. It’s not that I hadn’t noticed it be ...
... started to click. We discussed what we had seen, what the apparent impacts were, and whether this was unusual or not. It was almost as if from that time on the scales dropped from my eyes and I began to see evidence of deer browsing virtually everywhere I looked. It’s not that I hadn’t noticed it be ...
the hidden part of the climate cycle
... more intense rain storms. The capacity of water absorption and infiltration of soils will become even more important. In addition, the delicate ecosystems in the Boreal region are threatened by the rapid thawing of the frozen soils in permafrost areas and are releasing increasing amounts of carbon di ...
... more intense rain storms. The capacity of water absorption and infiltration of soils will become even more important. In addition, the delicate ecosystems in the Boreal region are threatened by the rapid thawing of the frozen soils in permafrost areas and are releasing increasing amounts of carbon di ...
Microorganisms and climate change: terrestrial feedbacks and
... a main source of energy for soil heterotrophs, including microorganisms and animals; this carbon pool is respired back to the atmosphere through heterotrophic respiration. A smaller amount of organic carbon remains unused and is stored in the soil. Some organic carbon is also used by some microorgan ...
... a main source of energy for soil heterotrophs, including microorganisms and animals; this carbon pool is respired back to the atmosphere through heterotrophic respiration. A smaller amount of organic carbon remains unused and is stored in the soil. Some organic carbon is also used by some microorgan ...
Conserving biodiversity in New Zealand`s lowland landscapes: does
... Abstract: Effective biodiversity conservation in lowland New Zealand requires an understanding of the relative benefits of managing impacts of native forest loss versus controlling invasive species. We used bird count data from 195 locations across mainland northern New Zealand to examine how the ab ...
... Abstract: Effective biodiversity conservation in lowland New Zealand requires an understanding of the relative benefits of managing impacts of native forest loss versus controlling invasive species. We used bird count data from 195 locations across mainland northern New Zealand to examine how the ab ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.