protected areas and climate change in canada
... worldwide attention as the most serious environmental concern of the 21st century. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and Canada’s national synthesis on climate change, From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, have clearly ...
... worldwide attention as the most serious environmental concern of the 21st century. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and Canada’s national synthesis on climate change, From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, have clearly ...
Intended nationally determined contributions: what are the implications for greenhouse gas emissions in 2030? (opens in new window)
... hexafluoride), and express the size of emissions in terms of gigatonnes (Gt), or billions of metric tonnes, of carbon-dioxide-equivalent (CO2e), based on 100-year global warming potentials, as published in the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1995). All sour ...
... hexafluoride), and express the size of emissions in terms of gigatonnes (Gt), or billions of metric tonnes, of carbon-dioxide-equivalent (CO2e), based on 100-year global warming potentials, as published in the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1995). All sour ...
Simulating northern peatland-atmosphere carbon
... carbon (C) because, on average, net primary production (NPP) exceeds decomposition. Peatlands store ~ 450 G t soil carbon (1Gt C=1015 g C), a mass equivalent to about 20% of global terrestrial soil C, or half of atmospheric C. The carbon exchange between peatlands and the atmosphere is sensitive to ...
... carbon (C) because, on average, net primary production (NPP) exceeds decomposition. Peatlands store ~ 450 G t soil carbon (1Gt C=1015 g C), a mass equivalent to about 20% of global terrestrial soil C, or half of atmospheric C. The carbon exchange between peatlands and the atmosphere is sensitive to ...
Treeline advance – driving processes and adverse factors
... Forest advance upwards and northwards primarily depends on successful regeneration and survival of young growth rather than on increasing growth rates of mature trees. Every assessment of treeline response to future climate change must consider the effects of local site conditions and feedbacks of i ...
... Forest advance upwards and northwards primarily depends on successful regeneration and survival of young growth rather than on increasing growth rates of mature trees. Every assessment of treeline response to future climate change must consider the effects of local site conditions and feedbacks of i ...
Basic physical mechanisms for monsoon failure in past and future
... increases approximately linearly with the regional land–ocean surface temperature contrast, which in turn is a direct consequence of global surface warming (due to the increase in GHG abundance.) Depending on the region and the scenario, the projected rainfall increases are substantial; e.g. between ...
... increases approximately linearly with the regional land–ocean surface temperature contrast, which in turn is a direct consequence of global surface warming (due to the increase in GHG abundance.) Depending on the region and the scenario, the projected rainfall increases are substantial; e.g. between ...
Review and Analysis of CAPA and LAPA
... Climate Change Adaptation can be defined as adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC 2001). Adapting to the changes has consequently emerged as a solution to address the impacts of climate change that ...
... Climate Change Adaptation can be defined as adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC 2001). Adapting to the changes has consequently emerged as a solution to address the impacts of climate change that ...
Application for CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs
... experiments and the CMIP6 Historical Simulation will be distributed for community use via the ESGF infrastructure. Other Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) will build on the CMIP DECK experiments and the CMIP6 Historical Simulation and augment them to address a broad range of scientific questions ...
... experiments and the CMIP6 Historical Simulation will be distributed for community use via the ESGF infrastructure. Other Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) will build on the CMIP DECK experiments and the CMIP6 Historical Simulation and augment them to address a broad range of scientific questions ...
Climate Scientists` Perceptions of Climate
... the main activity of the respondents is listed as modelling, consistent in both surveys, as is the case for ‘type’ of research in Table 5, where ‘applied’ remains the predominant response. In summary, in addition to the Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wald-Wolfowitz Test results, the demograp ...
... the main activity of the respondents is listed as modelling, consistent in both surveys, as is the case for ‘type’ of research in Table 5, where ‘applied’ remains the predominant response. In summary, in addition to the Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wald-Wolfowitz Test results, the demograp ...
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... Also for other reasons, as will be clarified in section 4, we thus investigate three scenarios with (timeindependent) leakage of CO2 from geological storage, in which the leakage rate amounts to 0.5%/yr, 1%/yr and 2%/yr, respectively. Under imperfect storage conditions, CO2 migration times are likel ...
... Also for other reasons, as will be clarified in section 4, we thus investigate three scenarios with (timeindependent) leakage of CO2 from geological storage, in which the leakage rate amounts to 0.5%/yr, 1%/yr and 2%/yr, respectively. Under imperfect storage conditions, CO2 migration times are likel ...
you can - Allianz
... people can take out private health insurance and the average retirement age should be extended. In France, 84% of the population has private health insurance. ...
... people can take out private health insurance and the average retirement age should be extended. In France, 84% of the population has private health insurance. ...
Working Paper 205 - Watkiss (opens in new window)
... such as ecosystems. Second, in line with the findings above, the methods for identifying options and assessing costs and benefits have changed, as have the options considered, especially in the most recent studies. Third, more recent implementation and policy orientated studies indicate adaptation c ...
... such as ecosystems. Second, in line with the findings above, the methods for identifying options and assessing costs and benefits have changed, as have the options considered, especially in the most recent studies. Third, more recent implementation and policy orientated studies indicate adaptation c ...
Freshwater Ecosystems and Fisheries
... Arctic will have far-reaching impacts, affecting aquatic species at various trophic levels, the physical and chemical environment that makes up their habitat, and the processes that act on and within freshwater ecosystems. Interactions of climatic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, wi ...
... Arctic will have far-reaching impacts, affecting aquatic species at various trophic levels, the physical and chemical environment that makes up their habitat, and the processes that act on and within freshwater ecosystems. Interactions of climatic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, wi ...
Inferred gas hydrate and permafrost stability history models linked to
... from conventional natural gas trapped previously). Methane released from GHs entrapped previously as conventional natural gas accumulations can neither enter the atmosphere nor affect climate. Ground surface or seafloor temperature changes can be inferred to precede and be greater than temperature c ...
... from conventional natural gas trapped previously). Methane released from GHs entrapped previously as conventional natural gas accumulations can neither enter the atmosphere nor affect climate. Ground surface or seafloor temperature changes can be inferred to precede and be greater than temperature c ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2146e/i2146e.pdf
... according to the population of different country groupings in 2000; (b) distribution of regional GHG emissions per USD of GDP (PPP) over the GDP of different country groupings in 2000 ... 30 2.19 Share of different anthropogenic GHGs in total emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq ............. 31 2.2 ...
... according to the population of different country groupings in 2000; (b) distribution of regional GHG emissions per USD of GDP (PPP) over the GDP of different country groupings in 2000 ... 30 2.19 Share of different anthropogenic GHGs in total emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq ............. 31 2.2 ...
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: Central America
... abundantly, from the Pacific coast, where the year is split into a dry and wet season (CCAD and SICA, 2010). In Mexico, rainfall is lower in its temperate northern regions (SEMARNAT, 2010). Inter-annual climate variability is highly influenced by movement of the ITCZ and the El Niño Southern Oscilla ...
... abundantly, from the Pacific coast, where the year is split into a dry and wet season (CCAD and SICA, 2010). In Mexico, rainfall is lower in its temperate northern regions (SEMARNAT, 2010). Inter-annual climate variability is highly influenced by movement of the ITCZ and the El Niño Southern Oscilla ...
Gunnison Basin Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
... interactions, genetics, and adaptive capacity of species to climate change. Specifically, life history information and relationships among rare plants, symbiotic species (e.g., mycorrhizae and pollinators), and seed dispersers are poorly understood. Rapid adaptation is possible in some plant species ...
... interactions, genetics, and adaptive capacity of species to climate change. Specifically, life history information and relationships among rare plants, symbiotic species (e.g., mycorrhizae and pollinators), and seed dispersers are poorly understood. Rapid adaptation is possible in some plant species ...
An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change
... of information regarding estimates of capital losses due to climate change impacts. UNFCCC (2007) reports a cost of protecting infrastructure from climate change in North America between 1990 $US4 and 64 billion already in 2030, when temperature increase is likely to be far below 2.5°C. The Munich R ...
... of information regarding estimates of capital losses due to climate change impacts. UNFCCC (2007) reports a cost of protecting infrastructure from climate change in North America between 1990 $US4 and 64 billion already in 2030, when temperature increase is likely to be far below 2.5°C. The Munich R ...
Response of ocean phytoplankton community structure to climate
... phytoplankton are responsible for almost half of the total global primary production (Field et al., 1998). Phytoplankton consume inorganic carbon during photosynthesis and are an essential part of the transport of organic carbon from the upper to deep ocean. Diatoms, a phytoplankton group with silic ...
... phytoplankton are responsible for almost half of the total global primary production (Field et al., 1998). Phytoplankton consume inorganic carbon during photosynthesis and are an essential part of the transport of organic carbon from the upper to deep ocean. Diatoms, a phytoplankton group with silic ...
Climate Change Impacts on Phenology
... The authors would like to express their thanks and indebtedness to Met Éireann, particularly Dr Emily Gleeson, Dr Tido Semmler and Dr Ray McGrath for their cooperation and providing of essential climate records. We also would like to thank the National Biodiversity Data Centre, particularly Dr Eugen ...
... The authors would like to express their thanks and indebtedness to Met Éireann, particularly Dr Emily Gleeson, Dr Tido Semmler and Dr Ray McGrath for their cooperation and providing of essential climate records. We also would like to thank the National Biodiversity Data Centre, particularly Dr Eugen ...
The Sixth National Communication of the Republic of Belarus
... density - 46 people per km2 and the urban population made up 76.8%. The urban population is characterized by a high concentration. 1.9 mln people (26.8% of the urban population) reside in Minsk. Five regional centers account for 26.7% of the urban residents. 8 cities numbering from 100 thousand to 2 ...
... density - 46 people per km2 and the urban population made up 76.8%. The urban population is characterized by a high concentration. 1.9 mln people (26.8% of the urban population) reside in Minsk. Five regional centers account for 26.7% of the urban residents. 8 cities numbering from 100 thousand to 2 ...
Building Climate Resilience in the Agriculture Sector of Asia and the
... Figure 3.5: World Prices of Major Livestock Products in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.6: World Prices of Major Grains in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.7: Net Cereal Trade in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.8: Daily Per Capita Calorie Availability in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.9: Total Number of Malnourished Children in the PR ...
... Figure 3.5: World Prices of Major Livestock Products in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.6: World Prices of Major Grains in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.7: Net Cereal Trade in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.8: Daily Per Capita Calorie Availability in 2000 and 2050 Figure 3.9: Total Number of Malnourished Children in the PR ...
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land
... also impact the provisioning of ecosystem services (Bellard et al. 2012). Land-use changes, be it by conversion of natural habitats into agricultural or urban lands, or by abandonment of managed areas, could aggravate the effects of climate change, as well as contribute to large and sudden changes o ...
... also impact the provisioning of ecosystem services (Bellard et al. 2012). Land-use changes, be it by conversion of natural habitats into agricultural or urban lands, or by abandonment of managed areas, could aggravate the effects of climate change, as well as contribute to large and sudden changes o ...
On the Economics of Happiness and Climate Change Filka Sekulova
... initially discussed on a conceptual-theoretical level in Chapter 2. The empirical approach to studying the effect of an income taxation (as one climate policy tool) on happiness takes Barcelona as a study area, where income (and consumption) reduction associated with the prolonged economic crisis in ...
... initially discussed on a conceptual-theoretical level in Chapter 2. The empirical approach to studying the effect of an income taxation (as one climate policy tool) on happiness takes Barcelona as a study area, where income (and consumption) reduction associated with the prolonged economic crisis in ...
Annex 3: Key Figures Showing Climatic Trends for Guinea Bissau
... The proposed project is based on the priority adaptation option identified in Guinea-Bissau’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). The impacts of climate change on Guinea-Bissau’s agricultural water resources will affect human health, agricultural production and food security. Predicted c ...
... The proposed project is based on the priority adaptation option identified in Guinea-Bissau’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). The impacts of climate change on Guinea-Bissau’s agricultural water resources will affect human health, agricultural production and food security. Predicted c ...
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... resources. Natural resources include all the materials and forces that are supplied by nature. Those that are most essential for food crop production are land, water, sunshine, air, temperature and soil conditions. Man-made resources (include labour, capital or entrepreneurship) are supplied and inf ...
... resources. Natural resources include all the materials and forces that are supplied by nature. Those that are most essential for food crop production are land, water, sunshine, air, temperature and soil conditions. Man-made resources (include labour, capital or entrepreneurship) are supplied and inf ...
Climate change in the United States
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.