![Winter 2012](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008848728_1-a8beeb81b21bb54a15717b51bfd2d1eb-300x300.png)
Winter 2012
... change landscape. One focus of his research is the essential role of water, its movement in the atmosphere, and the investigation into how water vapor influences the greenhouse effect. “The amount of water in the atmosphere is what makes some zones wetter than others. Trying to understand how water ...
... change landscape. One focus of his research is the essential role of water, its movement in the atmosphere, and the investigation into how water vapor influences the greenhouse effect. “The amount of water in the atmosphere is what makes some zones wetter than others. Trying to understand how water ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... incorporate the SCC, a clear distinction should be made between domestic costs/benefits and foreign cost/benefits—and numerical calculations of each provided in all cost/benefits analyses included in the proposal (to be included in the main body of the proposal). In this way, the public can readily ...
... incorporate the SCC, a clear distinction should be made between domestic costs/benefits and foreign cost/benefits—and numerical calculations of each provided in all cost/benefits analyses included in the proposal (to be included in the main body of the proposal). In this way, the public can readily ...
Risks from Climate Feedbacks
... conduct. Therefore, in order to understand how the climate may respond, scientists use mathematical models, based upon the laws of physics, to simulate the processes of the climate system. Components of the model are then experimented on to understand their response. For the models to be useful, cli ...
... conduct. Therefore, in order to understand how the climate may respond, scientists use mathematical models, based upon the laws of physics, to simulate the processes of the climate system. Components of the model are then experimented on to understand their response. For the models to be useful, cli ...
Social Costs of Greenhouse Gases
... rate); and Washington uses a higher estimate (based on a 2.5% discount rate). The importance of choosing the right SCC value is explored below. Many major companies also quantify the cost of carbon pollution in their financial planning. According to a 2013 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) report, 29 ...
... rate); and Washington uses a higher estimate (based on a 2.5% discount rate). The importance of choosing the right SCC value is explored below. Many major companies also quantify the cost of carbon pollution in their financial planning. According to a 2013 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) report, 29 ...
19. spain - European Commission
... To date, the responsibility for coastal protection and climate adaptation is situated mainly at national level in Spain. Legislative changes which are currently on-going aim for a greater involvement of the coastal regions through their regional climate change offices. The main actors involved at na ...
... To date, the responsibility for coastal protection and climate adaptation is situated mainly at national level in Spain. Legislative changes which are currently on-going aim for a greater involvement of the coastal regions through their regional climate change offices. The main actors involved at na ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change
... the negative externalities associated with local and regional pollutants have to some degree been internalized. But, until recently, few controls existed for carbon dioxide (CO2), the major greenhouse gas. This global air pollutant has no short-term damaging effects at ground level, but atmospheric ...
... the negative externalities associated with local and regional pollutants have to some degree been internalized. But, until recently, few controls existed for carbon dioxide (CO2), the major greenhouse gas. This global air pollutant has no short-term damaging effects at ground level, but atmospheric ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per capita income than the poorest of the Annex I countries. A second weakness of the Protocol is the ...
... as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per capita income than the poorest of the Annex I countries. A second weakness of the Protocol is the ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... do so and who wanted to apply for funding in this respect should adopt a mitigation target, ...
... do so and who wanted to apply for funding in this respect should adopt a mitigation target, ...
Curriculum Vitae - Overseas Development Institute
... Personal Profile Elizabeth is a Research Fellow in the Adaptation and Resilience team of the Climate and Environment Programme. She has over 12 years of experience in research, policy and practice gained in the private and public sectors. During this time, Elizabeth’s focus has been on climate chang ...
... Personal Profile Elizabeth is a Research Fellow in the Adaptation and Resilience team of the Climate and Environment Programme. She has over 12 years of experience in research, policy and practice gained in the private and public sectors. During this time, Elizabeth’s focus has been on climate chang ...
Twelve Economic Facts on Energy and Climate Change
... concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has increased from 317 parts per million in 1960 to more than 400 parts per million in 2016 (NOAA 2016), while the global average temperature has risen 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9° Celsius) above its 1960 level. These changes are already impact ...
... concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has increased from 317 parts per million in 1960 to more than 400 parts per million in 2016 (NOAA 2016), while the global average temperature has risen 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9° Celsius) above its 1960 level. These changes are already impact ...
Detection of a Human Influence on North American Climate
... Australia. 3Hadley Centre, MetOffice, Bracknell RG12 2SY, UK. 4National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80307, USA. 5Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA. ...
... Australia. 3Hadley Centre, MetOffice, Bracknell RG12 2SY, UK. 4National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80307, USA. 5Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA. ...
will continue to rise
... land use, and the resulting changes in climate are having further cascading effects. The oceans are absorbing CO2 and heat from the atmosphere and will continue to do so for centuries, even if emissions are curtailed, changing the chemistry of the oceans and raising sea level.12 Glaciers and ice cap ...
... land use, and the resulting changes in climate are having further cascading effects. The oceans are absorbing CO2 and heat from the atmosphere and will continue to do so for centuries, even if emissions are curtailed, changing the chemistry of the oceans and raising sea level.12 Glaciers and ice cap ...
Geology - Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit
... common feature of the climate system (Brauer et al., 2008; Steffensen et al., 2008; Blockley et al., 2012). However, dating uncertainties for sediment archives of past environmental change are typically multi-centennial in scale. Therefore, it is still largely unknown if such shifts occurred synchro ...
... common feature of the climate system (Brauer et al., 2008; Steffensen et al., 2008; Blockley et al., 2012). However, dating uncertainties for sediment archives of past environmental change are typically multi-centennial in scale. Therefore, it is still largely unknown if such shifts occurred synchro ...
chapter conduct a cl mate change vulnerab l ty assessment
... You can determine the degree of sensitivity of a system by considering the following questions. • How exposed is the system to the impacts of climate change? Exposure refers to the extent to which a system comes into contact with climate conditions or specific climate impacts. The greater the exposu ...
... You can determine the degree of sensitivity of a system by considering the following questions. • How exposed is the system to the impacts of climate change? Exposure refers to the extent to which a system comes into contact with climate conditions or specific climate impacts. The greater the exposu ...
CLIMATE SCIENCE SURVEY
... In the Spring of 2012, PBL, in collaboration with other researchers from the Netherlands and Australia, conducted a detailed survey about climate science. More than 1800 international scientists studying various aspects of climate change, including e.g. climate physics, climate impacts and mitigatio ...
... In the Spring of 2012, PBL, in collaboration with other researchers from the Netherlands and Australia, conducted a detailed survey about climate science. More than 1800 international scientists studying various aspects of climate change, including e.g. climate physics, climate impacts and mitigatio ...
What Is the Right Price for Carbon Emissions?
... future generations against a catastrophic climate disaster. Thus, catastrophic climate risk is a nondiversifiable risk. And nondiversifiable risk is different from insurable risks; it commands a risk premium determined by societal risk aversion. What society can do is to price that risk appropriatel ...
... future generations against a catastrophic climate disaster. Thus, catastrophic climate risk is a nondiversifiable risk. And nondiversifiable risk is different from insurable risks; it commands a risk premium determined by societal risk aversion. What society can do is to price that risk appropriatel ...
INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... specific region under examination. A prominent example for such an approach is the HIRHAM model. A combination of the HIRLAM weather forecast model, a cooperative project of the national weather services in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Spain (cf. http://www ...
... specific region under examination. A prominent example for such an approach is the HIRHAM model. A combination of the HIRLAM weather forecast model, a cooperative project of the national weather services in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Spain (cf. http://www ...
Vulnerability to climate change in three hot spots in Africa and Asia
... Climate change is widely predicted to have significant and far-reaching impacts, with differences in vulnerability and exposure to these impacts arising from non-climate stressors and multi-dimensional inequalities. Poorer developing countries and their populations are likely to suffer disproportion ...
... Climate change is widely predicted to have significant and far-reaching impacts, with differences in vulnerability and exposure to these impacts arising from non-climate stressors and multi-dimensional inequalities. Poorer developing countries and their populations are likely to suffer disproportion ...
one National Security and Climate Change in Perspective
... skepticism regarding the strength of scientific evidence of climate change, and for their adamancy in sticking to that premise in international meetings, but others in government at the time advocated the elevation of this and other environmental issues. Thomas Pickering, Bush’s ambassador to the Un ...
... skepticism regarding the strength of scientific evidence of climate change, and for their adamancy in sticking to that premise in international meetings, but others in government at the time advocated the elevation of this and other environmental issues. Thomas Pickering, Bush’s ambassador to the Un ...
Cultural Circuits of Climate Change in U.K. Broadsheet Newspapers
... Guardian, The Independent, Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, and weekend stable-mates). The remaining newspapers are often labeled “red-tops” with a more populist orientation including greater emphasis on crime, sex, and celebrity (Daily Mail, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Sun). The analysis presente ...
... Guardian, The Independent, Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, and weekend stable-mates). The remaining newspapers are often labeled “red-tops” with a more populist orientation including greater emphasis on crime, sex, and celebrity (Daily Mail, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Sun). The analysis presente ...
The Structure of Economic Modeling of the Potential Impacts
... (dirt, particulates, etc.) in the atmosphere can prevent some of the solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. The pace of increase of temperature will thus be influenced by the assumptions made about the future of aerosols (EEA 2013). Aerosols and polluted air carry their own problems and it is th ...
... (dirt, particulates, etc.) in the atmosphere can prevent some of the solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. The pace of increase of temperature will thus be influenced by the assumptions made about the future of aerosols (EEA 2013). Aerosols and polluted air carry their own problems and it is th ...
PDF
... For non-EU countries, we used crop yield projections supplied by the ISI-MIP modelling initiative 1. In particular, we used yield projections by the LPJmL model (Bondeau et al. 2007) for the 1990-2060 period and the following seven crops: wheat, maize, rice, rapeseed, soybean, sugar beet and sugar c ...
... For non-EU countries, we used crop yield projections supplied by the ISI-MIP modelling initiative 1. In particular, we used yield projections by the LPJmL model (Bondeau et al. 2007) for the 1990-2060 period and the following seven crops: wheat, maize, rice, rapeseed, soybean, sugar beet and sugar c ...
Shrinking of fishes exacerbates impacts of global ocean changes on
... body size of marine fishes10–12 . However, the extent to which such changes would exacerbate the impacts of climate and ocean changes on global marine ecosystems remains unexplored. Here, we employ a model to examine the integrated biological responses of over 600 species of marine fishes due to cha ...
... body size of marine fishes10–12 . However, the extent to which such changes would exacerbate the impacts of climate and ocean changes on global marine ecosystems remains unexplored. Here, we employ a model to examine the integrated biological responses of over 600 species of marine fishes due to cha ...
Climate change in the United States
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U.S._Temperature_Record_(1950_to_2009)_(PNG).png?width=300)
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.