![WMO The Global Climate in 2011–2015](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002084845_1-6b99892e0281109b3d2904d6794c1006-300x300.png)
WMO The Global Climate in 2011–2015
... adaptation into national development policies. While the Paris Agreement engages governments in pursuing efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, this report confirms that the average temperature in 2015 had already risen by more than one degree (with 2 ...
... adaptation into national development policies. While the Paris Agreement engages governments in pursuing efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, this report confirms that the average temperature in 2015 had already risen by more than one degree (with 2 ...
8. Human Health
... population growth rates in Africa will increase the burden of malaria for at least the next several decades. Further, there is evidence that malaria is becoming more difficult to control and that the intensity of malaria transmission is increasing. A country-level model was developed to show how the ...
... population growth rates in Africa will increase the burden of malaria for at least the next several decades. Further, there is evidence that malaria is becoming more difficult to control and that the intensity of malaria transmission is increasing. A country-level model was developed to show how the ...
Managing climate risk using climate-smart agriculture
... There is a growing consensus in the scientific literature that the earth is warming due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere (IPCC, 2014) (see Fig. 1). There is considerable reason to be concerned about the effects on food security. We have seen several periods ...
... There is a growing consensus in the scientific literature that the earth is warming due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere (IPCC, 2014) (see Fig. 1). There is considerable reason to be concerned about the effects on food security. We have seen several periods ...
Climate-change policy: why has so little been achieved?
... higher costs and serious threats to economic growth, the fact that politicians have founded their arguments to the public on the basis of low costs has been counterproductive. This paper explores this second view, for, if it is correct, the necessary task of education and information needs to be rec ...
... higher costs and serious threats to economic growth, the fact that politicians have founded their arguments to the public on the basis of low costs has been counterproductive. This paper explores this second view, for, if it is correct, the necessary task of education and information needs to be rec ...
Future climate in the Pacific Northwest
... analysis of twenty-first century PNW climate. We have analyzed available A2 runs as well, as shown in Figs. 8, 11 and 12, but we emphasize A1B and B1. Though B1 is the lowest of the IPCC illustrative scenarios, it still produces changes in climate that many scientists call “dangerous” (Schellnhuber ...
... analysis of twenty-first century PNW climate. We have analyzed available A2 runs as well, as shown in Figs. 8, 11 and 12, but we emphasize A1B and B1. Though B1 is the lowest of the IPCC illustrative scenarios, it still produces changes in climate that many scientists call “dangerous” (Schellnhuber ...
Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations
... In short, in prolonged international negotiations, what factors determine a state’s negotiating position, and its preparedness to sign an agreement? And how and why are such decisions made? This article addresses these questions by considering the role of the US across almost a decade of internation ...
... In short, in prolonged international negotiations, what factors determine a state’s negotiating position, and its preparedness to sign an agreement? And how and why are such decisions made? This article addresses these questions by considering the role of the US across almost a decade of internation ...
The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change
... We also calculate HFC forcing from emission data provided by the RCP database and compare them with our forcing projections. Similar comparisons of future emission and forcing are also shown in Fig. 5.5 of the WMO (2011) assessment. However, a direct comparison is difficult, because with the excepti ...
... We also calculate HFC forcing from emission data provided by the RCP database and compare them with our forcing projections. Similar comparisons of future emission and forcing are also shown in Fig. 5.5 of the WMO (2011) assessment. However, a direct comparison is difficult, because with the excepti ...
Exploring the behaviour of atmospheric temperatures under dry
... can be applied to both observed and simulated data. The approach discussed here would of course be applicable to all models in order to obtain an ensemble of possible futures; this is not the principle objective of the present paper, however. In order to differentiate summertime (June–July– August o ...
... can be applied to both observed and simulated data. The approach discussed here would of course be applicable to all models in order to obtain an ensemble of possible futures; this is not the principle objective of the present paper, however. In order to differentiate summertime (June–July– August o ...
The IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
The Climate Beta
... ist. Nordhaus (2011) concludes from simulations with the RICE-2011 model that “those states in which the global temperature increase is particularly high are also ones in which we are on average richer in the future.” That is, suppose that the only source of uncertainty is exogenous emissions-neutr ...
... ist. Nordhaus (2011) concludes from simulations with the RICE-2011 model that “those states in which the global temperature increase is particularly high are also ones in which we are on average richer in the future.” That is, suppose that the only source of uncertainty is exogenous emissions-neutr ...
Climate change impacts on South American Rangelands
... During the 20th century, significant increases in precipitation were observed in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay North-east Argentina and North-west Peru and Ecuador. ...
... During the 20th century, significant increases in precipitation were observed in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay North-east Argentina and North-west Peru and Ecuador. ...
CCSP_SWAN_Narratives
... imminent shift in PDO (- to +); however, convincing the public that climate effects may be serious has become increasingly difficult. Large increases in temperature may be evident at higher latitudes, in contrast to the more subtle changes occurring in southwest AK, and thus may divert political and ...
... imminent shift in PDO (- to +); however, convincing the public that climate effects may be serious has become increasingly difficult. Large increases in temperature may be evident at higher latitudes, in contrast to the more subtle changes occurring in southwest AK, and thus may divert political and ...
Man-‐Made Global Warming is a Scam
... emissions are about ~4% of all sources of CO2 going into the atmosphere (please see Appendix B). So 96% of all CO2 is naturally produced. Historically and for millions of years CO2 levels have ...
... emissions are about ~4% of all sources of CO2 going into the atmosphere (please see Appendix B). So 96% of all CO2 is naturally produced. Historically and for millions of years CO2 levels have ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 14 new studies and 20 experiments (involving more than 45 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 14 new studies and 20 experiments (involving more than 45 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
Chapter One - Brookings Institution
... do not make sense, there is almost always a historical rationale for their existence. Understanding which rules and regulations are truly obsolete and which are actually linchpins in a broader set of protections for the public or the environment requires very sophisticated analysis. These subtleties ...
... do not make sense, there is almost always a historical rationale for their existence. Understanding which rules and regulations are truly obsolete and which are actually linchpins in a broader set of protections for the public or the environment requires very sophisticated analysis. These subtleties ...
Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Demand and Crop Growth in a Mediterranean Environment of Turkey
... 2.2 Climate change scenarios The climate change data were obtained from the outputs of the three GCMs: the second version of the Canadian Global Coupled Model—CGCM2—[32], the model developed from the atmospheric model of European Center for medium range weather forecasting, and parameterized at HAMb ...
... 2.2 Climate change scenarios The climate change data were obtained from the outputs of the three GCMs: the second version of the Canadian Global Coupled Model—CGCM2—[32], the model developed from the atmospheric model of European Center for medium range weather forecasting, and parameterized at HAMb ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Livelihoods
... Indonesia make up almost a quarter of the Earth’s ...
... Indonesia make up almost a quarter of the Earth’s ...
activist kit - Climate Reality Project
... dangerous and costly effects right now. Average temperatures have risen in most states since 1901, with 14 of the 15 hottest years on record occurring in the twenty-first century. Climate and weather disasters in 2012 alone cost the American economy more than $100 billion. Climate change, once consi ...
... dangerous and costly effects right now. Average temperatures have risen in most states since 1901, with 14 of the 15 hottest years on record occurring in the twenty-first century. Climate and weather disasters in 2012 alone cost the American economy more than $100 billion. Climate change, once consi ...
Chapter 14 Tourism, leisure and sport
... turnover was to contribute 3.6 per cent to world GDP (US$1,851 billion). When considered as a single market, the EU is the largest travel and tourism economy in the world, representing 35.2 per cent of global activity. Within EU, travel and tourism accounts for over 25 million jobs (1 in 8 workers). ...
... turnover was to contribute 3.6 per cent to world GDP (US$1,851 billion). When considered as a single market, the EU is the largest travel and tourism economy in the world, representing 35.2 per cent of global activity. Within EU, travel and tourism accounts for over 25 million jobs (1 in 8 workers). ...
NJCAA Natural Resources - New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance
... will transform habitats, alter timing of life cycles, shift geographic ranges and spread pests, disease and invasive species to new areas. Ecosystems have adapted throughout time to changing conditions, but the current pace of climate change is outpacing past changes and will require the ability to ...
... will transform habitats, alter timing of life cycles, shift geographic ranges and spread pests, disease and invasive species to new areas. Ecosystems have adapted throughout time to changing conditions, but the current pace of climate change is outpacing past changes and will require the ability to ...
Long-Term Ecological Records and Their Relevance to Climate
... shift), or adaptation (Aitken et al. 2008). To date, key research efforts have focused on the first two scenarios, mainly through the assessment of biotic responses to climate change via development of a suite of predictive species distribution models (e.g., Guisan & Thuiller 2005). These bioclimatic ...
... shift), or adaptation (Aitken et al. 2008). To date, key research efforts have focused on the first two scenarios, mainly through the assessment of biotic responses to climate change via development of a suite of predictive species distribution models (e.g., Guisan & Thuiller 2005). These bioclimatic ...
Ethanol or Gas Which is Best for the Climate
... Remote sensing and survey methods were used to create a snapshot of land use trends in 2006–07; the researchers found that even though demand for corn was high, land near the plant was not diverted from other uses. This alleviated concern about environmentally sensitive land being removed from conse ...
... Remote sensing and survey methods were used to create a snapshot of land use trends in 2006–07; the researchers found that even though demand for corn was high, land near the plant was not diverted from other uses. This alleviated concern about environmentally sensitive land being removed from conse ...
Public Health: Adapting to Climate Change
... The tools necessary for protecting people from heat stress are available in the United States and have been shown to work. These include tools that measure temperature widely and forecast weather conditions that lead to dangerous heat stress. The many epidemics of heat‐caused deaths have identifi ...
... The tools necessary for protecting people from heat stress are available in the United States and have been shown to work. These include tools that measure temperature widely and forecast weather conditions that lead to dangerous heat stress. The many epidemics of heat‐caused deaths have identifi ...
Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and
... total water influx to the oceans and seas comes from direct groundwater discharge (Zestser and Loaiciga, 1993). An increase in the amount of groundwater entering the ocean would lead to a net gain in oceanic volume. In addition to increased groundwater discharge, meltwater from glaciers may contribut ...
... total water influx to the oceans and seas comes from direct groundwater discharge (Zestser and Loaiciga, 1993). An increase in the amount of groundwater entering the ocean would lead to a net gain in oceanic volume. In addition to increased groundwater discharge, meltwater from glaciers may contribut ...
Climate change in the United States
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U.S._Temperature_Record_(1950_to_2009)_(PNG).png?width=300)
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.