Contingency Planning for an Influenza Pandemic
... • A pandemic means extensive global spreading of a completely new influenza virus. • A new type of influenza virus which is spread amongst humans arises somewhere in the world outside Sweden. The influenza reaches Sweden as part of an ongoing pandemic and quickly becomes widespread here in Sweden. • ...
... • A pandemic means extensive global spreading of a completely new influenza virus. • A new type of influenza virus which is spread amongst humans arises somewhere in the world outside Sweden. The influenza reaches Sweden as part of an ongoing pandemic and quickly becomes widespread here in Sweden. • ...
The Veterinary Journal
... multiple bacteria, and, less frequently, with other viruses, is a severe complicating factor of PMWS and is clinically important based on observation of increases in postweaning mortality from 1–2% to 10–25%, when all other factors apparently remain unchanged. PMWS is often seen in combination with ...
... multiple bacteria, and, less frequently, with other viruses, is a severe complicating factor of PMWS and is clinically important based on observation of increases in postweaning mortality from 1–2% to 10–25%, when all other factors apparently remain unchanged. PMWS is often seen in combination with ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Highly pathogenic avian
... Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Implementing good biosecurity practices is the best way to prevent any poultry disease, especially HPAI. These steps can help you keep your poultry healthy: • Keep your distance Isolate your poultry from visitors and other poultry. • Keep it clean. Prevent ge ...
... Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Implementing good biosecurity practices is the best way to prevent any poultry disease, especially HPAI. These steps can help you keep your poultry healthy: • Keep your distance Isolate your poultry from visitors and other poultry. • Keep it clean. Prevent ge ...
Hepatitis E Virus Update December 2014
... Large outbreaks, often waterborne, occur mostly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. The largest reported outbreak had over 100,000 individuals infected in the Xinjiang region of China between 1986 and 1988. In developed countries acute HEV infections generally occur in travelers retur ...
... Large outbreaks, often waterborne, occur mostly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. The largest reported outbreak had over 100,000 individuals infected in the Xinjiang region of China between 1986 and 1988. In developed countries acute HEV infections generally occur in travelers retur ...
note for guidance on virus validation studies
... In the past, a number of biologicals administered to humans have been contaminated with viruses. In several instances, the virus was only identified many years after the product had been introduced into the market since contamination occurred prior to adequate knowledge concerning the presence of th ...
... In the past, a number of biologicals administered to humans have been contaminated with viruses. In several instances, the virus was only identified many years after the product had been introduced into the market since contamination occurred prior to adequate knowledge concerning the presence of th ...
national influenza pandemic preparedness plan of the republic of
... The annual influenza epidemics and the related high rates of incidence and mortality, especially among high-risk groups, are one of the topmost problems of public healthcare. The goal of national experts being in active cooperation with the WHO is the improvement and enhancement of international inf ...
... The annual influenza epidemics and the related high rates of incidence and mortality, especially among high-risk groups, are one of the topmost problems of public healthcare. The goal of national experts being in active cooperation with the WHO is the improvement and enhancement of international inf ...
Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses
... The only apparent difference among the routes of challenge was the time taken to reach late-stage disease, with the two peripheral routes of inoculation (footpad and i.n.) taking a further 2 days to induce disease compared with the more direct i.c. route. Two mice challenged by the i.n. route or con ...
... The only apparent difference among the routes of challenge was the time taken to reach late-stage disease, with the two peripheral routes of inoculation (footpad and i.n.) taking a further 2 days to induce disease compared with the more direct i.c. route. Two mice challenged by the i.n. route or con ...
Importance of conserved amino acids at the cleavage site of the
... in presentation of the cleavage site to an intracellular protease owing to its strong turn-breaking potential. We therefore constructed two mutant HAs, MT23 and MT25, in which the conserved proline was changed to tyrosine and glycine, respectively. In neither case was there a significant change in e ...
... in presentation of the cleavage site to an intracellular protease owing to its strong turn-breaking potential. We therefore constructed two mutant HAs, MT23 and MT25, in which the conserved proline was changed to tyrosine and glycine, respectively. In neither case was there a significant change in e ...
Zika Information for - BC Centre for Disease Control
... Zika viral RNA may be present in a patient’s blood for approximately 7 days after symptom onset and has been shown to persist in urine for greater than 10 days. If symptoms have resolved or the patient is asymptomatic, diagnosis is based on the detection of Zika virus-specific antibodies. Interpreta ...
... Zika viral RNA may be present in a patient’s blood for approximately 7 days after symptom onset and has been shown to persist in urine for greater than 10 days. If symptoms have resolved or the patient is asymptomatic, diagnosis is based on the detection of Zika virus-specific antibodies. Interpreta ...
Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus during the
... period of infection was investigated in seven groups of pigs that were sequentially exposed to a group of donor pigs that were infected by simulated-natural inoculation. Contact-exposed pigs were comingled with infected donors through successive 8-h time slots spanning from 8 to 64 h post-inoculatio ...
... period of infection was investigated in seven groups of pigs that were sequentially exposed to a group of donor pigs that were infected by simulated-natural inoculation. Contact-exposed pigs were comingled with infected donors through successive 8-h time slots spanning from 8 to 64 h post-inoculatio ...
SOME PROPERTIES OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUS FROM SOUTH
... relative of RMV (Fulton 1968) but NRSV and DLPV have also been shown to be serologically related (Fulton 1968); and CRMV has now been shown to have some antigens in common with RMV. DLPV was shown to be serologically unrelated to plum line-pattern virus isolates from other localities (Paulsen and Fu ...
... relative of RMV (Fulton 1968) but NRSV and DLPV have also been shown to be serologically related (Fulton 1968); and CRMV has now been shown to have some antigens in common with RMV. DLPV was shown to be serologically unrelated to plum line-pattern virus isolates from other localities (Paulsen and Fu ...
An Overview of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens Abbreviated t
... Grgic et al., 2008; Villarreal et al., 2007). In breeder and laying hens the arrival of IBV QX ...
... Grgic et al., 2008; Villarreal et al., 2007). In breeder and laying hens the arrival of IBV QX ...
Passage of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) through
... species are food generalists who ingest large amounts of detritus and sediment in addition to traditional invertebrate prey. Although the prawns might have been exposed to virus from the water, it seems likely that the prawns kept in the tank containing the baskets with scallops became contaminated ...
... species are food generalists who ingest large amounts of detritus and sediment in addition to traditional invertebrate prey. Although the prawns might have been exposed to virus from the water, it seems likely that the prawns kept in the tank containing the baskets with scallops became contaminated ...
Citrus Virus Diseases
... •Causal Agent controversy – may be two different viruses causing similar diseases rare nuclear form that is rod shaped and more prevalent cytoplasmic form of baciliform particles– would be expected to be a rhabdovirus positive-sense RNA virus with 2 RNAs virus is a mite virus – Brevipalpus spp. – vi ...
... •Causal Agent controversy – may be two different viruses causing similar diseases rare nuclear form that is rod shaped and more prevalent cytoplasmic form of baciliform particles– would be expected to be a rhabdovirus positive-sense RNA virus with 2 RNAs virus is a mite virus – Brevipalpus spp. – vi ...
Two Cytoplasmic Acylation Sites and an Adjacent Hydrophobic
... The most pronounced feature of the cytoplasmic tail of HA is the attachment of fatty acids to (mostly) three conserved cysteine residues [10,11]. Although this modification is usually described as palmitoylation, we found by mass spectrometry of HA from virus particles that two different fatty acids ...
... The most pronounced feature of the cytoplasmic tail of HA is the attachment of fatty acids to (mostly) three conserved cysteine residues [10,11]. Although this modification is usually described as palmitoylation, we found by mass spectrometry of HA from virus particles that two different fatty acids ...
Antimicrobial Activity of Oral Anti-infectives and their Application to
... • Adamantanes are only active against Influenza A strains and are no longer recommended for use due to high rates of resistance – Amantadine – Rimantadine Chow, et al. IDSA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(8):e72-e112 ...
... • Adamantanes are only active against Influenza A strains and are no longer recommended for use due to high rates of resistance – Amantadine – Rimantadine Chow, et al. IDSA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(8):e72-e112 ...
Healthcare workers handbook on Influenza in SA
... rates of severe illness and death are highest in persons aged ≥65 years; children aged ≤2 years, women who are pregnant or postpartum (within 2 weeks after delivery) and persons of any age with underlying medical conditions (risk factors) which increase the risk for influenza-related complications. ...
... rates of severe illness and death are highest in persons aged ≥65 years; children aged ≤2 years, women who are pregnant or postpartum (within 2 weeks after delivery) and persons of any age with underlying medical conditions (risk factors) which increase the risk for influenza-related complications. ...
Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory
... depend of the viral load during the acute phase of the disease. The duration and level of viraemia in asymptomatic patients are still unknown. Because viraemia decreases over time, a negative PCR test in blood collected 5–7 days after symptom onset does not exclude flavivirus infection and therefore ...
... depend of the viral load during the acute phase of the disease. The duration and level of viraemia in asymptomatic patients are still unknown. Because viraemia decreases over time, a negative PCR test in blood collected 5–7 days after symptom onset does not exclude flavivirus infection and therefore ...
Influenza Pandemic Plan Chapter 5
... A comprehensive infection prevention and control program forms the basis of a successful pandemic influenza plan. Adherence to infection prevention and control policies and procedures is imperative to minimize the transmission of influenza whether or not vaccine and antiviral medications are availab ...
... A comprehensive infection prevention and control program forms the basis of a successful pandemic influenza plan. Adherence to infection prevention and control policies and procedures is imperative to minimize the transmission of influenza whether or not vaccine and antiviral medications are availab ...
4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology 4.7.2 Clinical features 4.7.3
... one influenza B lineage (i.e. trivalent influenza vaccines or TIVs). Inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) containing four influenza virus strains (the same strains in TIV and an additional influenza B virus strain from the other B lineage) have been registered for use in Australia sinc ...
... one influenza B lineage (i.e. trivalent influenza vaccines or TIVs). Inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) containing four influenza virus strains (the same strains in TIV and an additional influenza B virus strain from the other B lineage) have been registered for use in Australia sinc ...
duration of virus shedding after trivalent intranasal live attenuated
... the one subject who shed virus on two visits further support the importance of prior mucosal immunity for shedding risk. Although no correlation between baseline serum immunity and detection of shedding was found in the current investigation, such analyses may have been limited by our small sample s ...
... the one subject who shed virus on two visits further support the importance of prior mucosal immunity for shedding risk. Although no correlation between baseline serum immunity and detection of shedding was found in the current investigation, such analyses may have been limited by our small sample s ...
Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans
... Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, CRCIntegrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Room 2036, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA Wild boars ...
... Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, CRCIntegrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Room 2036, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA Wild boars ...
Infectious bronchitis virus infections of chickens in Belgium
... with the sequence of vaccine strains (Worthington et al., 2008). However, this only gives unambiguous results in case of extensive sequence differences. Live IBV vaccines are usually obtained after serial passaging of IBV field strains in vitro. This procedure leads to attenuation but not necessaril ...
... with the sequence of vaccine strains (Worthington et al., 2008). However, this only gives unambiguous results in case of extensive sequence differences. Live IBV vaccines are usually obtained after serial passaging of IBV field strains in vitro. This procedure leads to attenuation but not necessaril ...
Congenital Heart Diseases in Swine
... 1979. They were collected from a pig farm of the Animal Industry Research Institute, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Chunan, Taiwan, Republic of China. The study farm produces 70,000 hogs for market annually. The pigs from one day to four years of age were purebred or crossbred. The crossbred pigs had two ...
... 1979. They were collected from a pig farm of the Animal Industry Research Institute, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Chunan, Taiwan, Republic of China. The study farm produces 70,000 hogs for market annually. The pigs from one day to four years of age were purebred or crossbred. The crossbred pigs had two ...
2012 SCOR Pandemic Risk Conference Highlights
... of the pathogen will influence the effectiveness of control strategies. Some novel epidemics are caused by transmission of a pathogen which is circulating in an animal population from its natural host to the human population. The zoonoses may not be transmissible from human to human initially, but i ...
... of the pathogen will influence the effectiveness of control strategies. Some novel epidemics are caused by transmission of a pathogen which is circulating in an animal population from its natural host to the human population. The zoonoses may not be transmissible from human to human initially, but i ...
Swine influenza
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.In August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the swine flu pandemic officially over.Cases of swine flu have been reported in India, with over 31,156 positive test cases and 1,841 deaths till March 2015.