Eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
... for enzootic VEE viruses, but birds may be involved in a few cycles (e.g., the Bayou Bridge variant of Tonate virus). Although rodent reservoir hosts in endemic areas seem to be unaffected, other wild and laboratory (or pet) rodents can become ill. Mice and hamsters are generally more susceptible th ...
... for enzootic VEE viruses, but birds may be involved in a few cycles (e.g., the Bayou Bridge variant of Tonate virus). Although rodent reservoir hosts in endemic areas seem to be unaffected, other wild and laboratory (or pet) rodents can become ill. Mice and hamsters are generally more susceptible th ...
Zika Virus Update for Healthcare Professionals
... At this time, we recommend that all pregnant women returning from a Zika affected area be offered Zika virus testing (please see Table 1 below for details), and a detailed ultrasound at 19-20 weeks gestational age. Those with negative or unknown Zika virus serology and a normal detailed or baseline ...
... At this time, we recommend that all pregnant women returning from a Zika affected area be offered Zika virus testing (please see Table 1 below for details), and a detailed ultrasound at 19-20 weeks gestational age. Those with negative or unknown Zika virus serology and a normal detailed or baseline ...
Why Should We Care? What Do We Do About It?
... [31]. The main receptors for Zika virus entry into cells include adhesion factors, including DC-SIGN, AXL, Tyro3, and, TIM1 [31]. The early antiviral responses after Zika virus infection may be responsible for the larger number of asymptomatic infections and mild illness Zika virus disease. However, ...
... [31]. The main receptors for Zika virus entry into cells include adhesion factors, including DC-SIGN, AXL, Tyro3, and, TIM1 [31]. The early antiviral responses after Zika virus infection may be responsible for the larger number of asymptomatic infections and mild illness Zika virus disease. However, ...
Zika, a Mosquito-Transmitted Virus
... The cause of GBS is not well understood, but many GBS cases occur shortly after an infection with a virus or bacteria. GBS has been observed after infection with many different pathogens, including mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue or chikungunya (Lebrun et al. 2009; Oehler et al. 2015). GBS in ...
... The cause of GBS is not well understood, but many GBS cases occur shortly after an infection with a virus or bacteria. GBS has been observed after infection with many different pathogens, including mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue or chikungunya (Lebrun et al. 2009; Oehler et al. 2015). GBS in ...
Novel antibody binding determinants on the capsid surface of
... Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cros ...
... Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cros ...
Classical swine fever virus replicon particles: A versatile and robust
... The most effective way to combat viral diseases is prevention through vaccination. Different strategies such as live attenuated viruses, inactivated whole viruses and subunit vaccines have been developed for vaccination against viral infections [1–4]. Live attenuated viruses The use of live attenuat ...
... The most effective way to combat viral diseases is prevention through vaccination. Different strategies such as live attenuated viruses, inactivated whole viruses and subunit vaccines have been developed for vaccination against viral infections [1–4]. Live attenuated viruses The use of live attenuat ...
Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses
... Gaunt 2007). Fewer than 200 of these are viruses, but novel virus species are being reported in humans at a rate of over two per year, much faster than for other kinds of pathogen ( Woolhouse & Gaunt 2007). Novel viruses are a major public health concern, whether causing disease on the massive scale ...
... Gaunt 2007). Fewer than 200 of these are viruses, but novel virus species are being reported in humans at a rate of over two per year, much faster than for other kinds of pathogen ( Woolhouse & Gaunt 2007). Novel viruses are a major public health concern, whether causing disease on the massive scale ...
PROS for Vaccines - Exploring Infectious Diseases
... Health and Human Services (HHS), World Health Organization (WHO). The US Department of Health and Human Services states, "Vaccines are some of the safest medical products available." [51] 4. Adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare. The most common side effect of vaccines, anaphylaxis (a ...
... Health and Human Services (HHS), World Health Organization (WHO). The US Department of Health and Human Services states, "Vaccines are some of the safest medical products available." [51] 4. Adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare. The most common side effect of vaccines, anaphylaxis (a ...
Groundnut viral diseases in West Africa - Horizon documentation-IRD
... impossible to prevent the transfer of aphids by the wind, though high density sowing promotes the establishment of a microclimate which prevents the aphid from growing wings and limits transmission. The only efficient and radical means of control is to plant resistant varieties. Surveys in South Bur ...
... impossible to prevent the transfer of aphids by the wind, though high density sowing promotes the establishment of a microclimate which prevents the aphid from growing wings and limits transmission. The only efficient and radical means of control is to plant resistant varieties. Surveys in South Bur ...
Viet Nam Integrated One Health Action Strategic Plan for the
... virus became widespread in Viet Nam many actions have been taken to contain it. The virus has not been eliminated and new, related strains have been repeatedly introduced to the country over the past 12 years. The risk of exposure of humans to the virus persists and, therefore, so too does the risk ...
... virus became widespread in Viet Nam many actions have been taken to contain it. The virus has not been eliminated and new, related strains have been repeatedly introduced to the country over the past 12 years. The risk of exposure of humans to the virus persists and, therefore, so too does the risk ...
Digestive development of the early-weaned pig
... nutrient supply (C) and restricted nutrient supply (R), on the digestive development of pigs weaned at 14 d of age, during the first 5 d post-weaning. The absolute weights of the stomach and the pancreas were significantly greater (P< 0.001) in C compared with R pigs. The effect was not significant ...
... nutrient supply (C) and restricted nutrient supply (R), on the digestive development of pigs weaned at 14 d of age, during the first 5 d post-weaning. The absolute weights of the stomach and the pancreas were significantly greater (P< 0.001) in C compared with R pigs. The effect was not significant ...
Pandemic Influenza Policy - Black Country Partnership NHS
... Spread from person to person Cause illness in a high proportion of the people infected Spread widely, because most people will have little or no immunity to the new virus and will be susceptible to infection Such an influenza virus can spread rapidly, causing an epidemic within the country of origin ...
... Spread from person to person Cause illness in a high proportion of the people infected Spread widely, because most people will have little or no immunity to the new virus and will be susceptible to infection Such an influenza virus can spread rapidly, causing an epidemic within the country of origin ...
Sex, gender and influenza - World Health Organization
... Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this ...
... Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this ...
Designing Better Allocation Policies for Influenza Vaccine Mustafa Demirbilek
... most effective way to prevent influenza outbreaks and eliminate their seasonal effects is vaccination. The distribution of influenza vaccine to various groups in the population becomes an important decision determining the effectiveness of vaccination for the entire population. We developed a simula ...
... most effective way to prevent influenza outbreaks and eliminate their seasonal effects is vaccination. The distribution of influenza vaccine to various groups in the population becomes an important decision determining the effectiveness of vaccination for the entire population. We developed a simula ...
Persistence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)
... with scallops in vivo. Although virus titers measured in scallop tissues decreased, depuration of virus was not complete during the experimental periods. IPNV was still detectable 11 mo after injection. The highest virus titer was found in the hepatopancreas, but virus was also detectable in other t ...
... with scallops in vivo. Although virus titers measured in scallop tissues decreased, depuration of virus was not complete during the experimental periods. IPNV was still detectable 11 mo after injection. The highest virus titer was found in the hepatopancreas, but virus was also detectable in other t ...
ORGANIC OUTREACH
... by the Cal/OSHA ATD standard? • Employees whose exposure from work activity or working conditions is reasonably anticipated to create an elevated risk of contracting any disease caused by aerosol-transmissible pathogens if protective measures are not in place • “Elevated” risk means higher than what ...
... by the Cal/OSHA ATD standard? • Employees whose exposure from work activity or working conditions is reasonably anticipated to create an elevated risk of contracting any disease caused by aerosol-transmissible pathogens if protective measures are not in place • “Elevated” risk means higher than what ...
Infectious Bronchitis Immunity: Its Study in Chickens Experimentally
... The live infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine, H120, protected chickens against intranasal challenge with a mixture of Escherichia coli strains (E. coli Pool) and IB virus (IBV) strains of the same (Massachusetts) serotype as H120; it usually also protected against challenge with the E. coli Pool and ...
... The live infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine, H120, protected chickens against intranasal challenge with a mixture of Escherichia coli strains (E. coli Pool) and IB virus (IBV) strains of the same (Massachusetts) serotype as H120; it usually also protected against challenge with the E. coli Pool and ...
Section 1 RISK COMMUNICATION
... The public must be provided as much information as possible to help them understand that uncertainty is part of the process and that answers may change as new information and science becomes available. ...
... The public must be provided as much information as possible to help them understand that uncertainty is part of the process and that answers may change as new information and science becomes available. ...
WHO consultation on priority public health interventions
... In January 2004, health authorities in Viet Nam and Thailand reported their first human cases of infection with avian influenza, caused by an H5N1 strain. The cases in humans are directly linked to outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in poultry initially reported in the Republic of K ...
... In January 2004, health authorities in Viet Nam and Thailand reported their first human cases of infection with avian influenza, caused by an H5N1 strain. The cases in humans are directly linked to outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in poultry initially reported in the Republic of K ...
course requirements
... and penetration of virions upon contact with new susceptible cells. The nucleic acid, once isolated from the virion, can be hydrolyzed by either ribo- or deoxyribonuclease whereas the nucleic acid within the intact virus is not affected by such treatment. In contrast, viral antiserum will neutralize ...
... and penetration of virions upon contact with new susceptible cells. The nucleic acid, once isolated from the virion, can be hydrolyzed by either ribo- or deoxyribonuclease whereas the nucleic acid within the intact virus is not affected by such treatment. In contrast, viral antiserum will neutralize ...
Transspecies Transmission of Gammaretroviruses and the Origin of
... leukaemia at the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Medical Research Laboratory in Bangkok, Thailand (SEATO strain), and was shown to cause chronic myelogenous leukaemia after injection into juvenile gibbons [16]. A second strain was isolated from an animal with lymphatic leukaemia at the Sa ...
... leukaemia at the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Medical Research Laboratory in Bangkok, Thailand (SEATO strain), and was shown to cause chronic myelogenous leukaemia after injection into juvenile gibbons [16]. A second strain was isolated from an animal with lymphatic leukaemia at the Sa ...
Experimental study on histopathological changes and tissue tropism
... 7 pages. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jsava.v84i1.970 ...
... 7 pages. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jsava.v84i1.970 ...
the Influenza Flu Kit Here
... Influenza is more than just a ‘bad cold’. Although some of the symptoms are the same, influenza is usually much more severe. Symptoms of influenza include a cough, headache, fever or chills, body aches and pains, fatigue and generally feeling miserable. Influenza can lead to serious complications, p ...
... Influenza is more than just a ‘bad cold’. Although some of the symptoms are the same, influenza is usually much more severe. Symptoms of influenza include a cough, headache, fever or chills, body aches and pains, fatigue and generally feeling miserable. Influenza can lead to serious complications, p ...
Modern Uses of Electron Microscopy for Detection of Viruses
... found; rotavirus-like viruses and small round viruses ranging from 15 to 30 nm were detected, but there was no evidence of coronavirus, which is sometimes seen in human enteric disease ...
... found; rotavirus-like viruses and small round viruses ranging from 15 to 30 nm were detected, but there was no evidence of coronavirus, which is sometimes seen in human enteric disease ...
the Infectious Disease Plan
... A significant and recurring risk to the university is that of an infectious disease outbreak. One common example, influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that infects the respiratory tract (nose, throat, and lungs). Influenza usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, dry coug ...
... A significant and recurring risk to the university is that of an infectious disease outbreak. One common example, influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that infects the respiratory tract (nose, throat, and lungs). Influenza usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, dry coug ...
Swine influenza
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.In August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the swine flu pandemic officially over.Cases of swine flu have been reported in India, with over 31,156 positive test cases and 1,841 deaths till March 2015.